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1PARASITICCOMPONENTSOUTLINECONDUCTORPARASITICELEMENTSRESISTANCEINDUCTANCECAPACITANCERESISTORSCAPACITORSINDUCTORSFERRITEBEADSPARASITICCOMPONENTSINCIRCUITLAYOUTTRANSFORMERS2RELEVANTEMI“COMPONENTS”ONLYONETHIRDOFTHECOMPONENTSAFFECTINGEMIAREONTHESCHEMATICSANOTHERTHIRDAREPARASITICELEMENTSWITHINCOMPONENTSTHEFINALTHIRDARECREATEDBYPCBOARDTRACEROUTING,ANDCOMPONENTMOUNTING,PLACEMENT,ANDEVENORIENTATIONANYPEACEOFWIREANDPCBTRACEHASANONZEROIMPEDANCE3RESISTANCEOFACYLINDRICALCONDUCTORM/D4R2WDCDCCONDUCTIVITYDWUNIFORMCURRENTDISTRIBUTIONINSIDETHECONDUCTOR4RESISTANCEOFACYLINDRICALCONDUCTORDWNONUNIFORMCURRENTDISTRIBUTIONINSIDETHECONDUCTORDUETOSKINEFFECTSKINDEPTHF10CONDUCTIVITYACM/FD1R0WAC5RESISTANCEOFARECTANGULARCONDUCTORAVERAGEDEPTHOFCURRENTPENETRATIONMFTW21R0AC/ACRESISTANCEWT6ACRESISTANCEOFARECTANGULARCONDUCTORM/FWSW21R0ACWTSPCBTRACECROSSSECTION024680020406081SWMAXACACRRWIDEFLATCONDUCTORSHAVELESSACRESISTANCETHANROUNDORSQUARECROSSSECTIONCONDUCTORS7CONDUCTORINTERNALINDUCTANCERWM/H80DC_ILM/HF1R410WAC_ILTHEINTERNALINDUCTANCEPLAYSNOROLEATHIGHFREQUENCY8EXTERNALINDUCTANCESIIINFINITELENGTHRWSM/HR2SCOSHW10EL9EQUIVALENTCIRCUITLELLELLE/2LLE/2LLISWIRELENGTHTHEEXTERNALINDUCTANCECANBEASSOCIATEDTOANYOFTHETWOCONDUCTORSISTHEREARIGHTWAYTODOTHAT10YES,USEPARTIALINDUCTANCECONCEPTI1I2I3I4LP22LP11LP33LP44LP21LP23LP24I1I2I3I42134VOLTAGEACROSSSEGMENT2DTDILDTDILDTDILDTDILV424P323P121P222P211PARTIALSELFINDUCTANCESEGMENTIIBIISIIIISIIIPIIISDBLIRR12IBIJSIPARTIALMUTUALINDUCTANCEIJJSEGMENTJJSIIJPIJISDBLIRR13PARTIALSELFANDMUTUALINDUCTANCE1SS1SSLN2L220PIJLLLLL1RR1RRLN2LL2WW2WW0PJJPIILLLLLTWOPARALLELCYLINDRICALCONDUCTORSOFRADIUSRWIJSL14PARTIALSELFANDMUTUALINDUCTANCEIFS/L5RWMHRSLNW0E/LM/FRSLNCW022EXAMPLESERIESIMPEDANCEOFTWOCONDUCTORSAWG2026X34AT2MMDISTANCECOPPERLE620NH/MEXTERNALINDUCTANCERDC33M/MDCRESISTANCE23IMPEDANCEPERUNITLENGTHABOVESOMETENSOFKHZINDUCTANCEISOFMAJORCONCERN011000101MHZ2040DB0001DCRFZDCRFR24RESISTORSRIDEAL1WIREWOUND2FILMTYPE3COMPOSITIONRLPCPLP1LP2LP3PPRCJ1RLJJZ25PARASITICINDUCTANCEEXCEPTFORWIREWOUNDRESISTORS,PARASITICINDUCTANCEISMAINLYDUETOLEADLENGTHANDSEPARATIONPCBS20MML8MMLP125NHCPCPEXTCLOSS006PF0105PF26EXAMPLE104106108HZFPF02060100|ZJ|DBBODEPLOTOFA1MRESISTORWITHLP12NH,CP05PFFP318KHZF02GHZFORHIGHVALUERESISTORS,PARASITICCAPACITANCEISOFMAJORCONCERN27COMPOSITIONRESISTORATTENUATIONMEASUREMENTSOURCERECEIVERUGZGZRZRESURRESRGRGRZZZZUUZGZR5028COMPOSITIONRESISTORR100KUG100DBV503WNOMINALATTENUATION1/2WCP03PF1/4WCP016PF29CAPACITORSRSRPCLRSSERIESRESISTANCEESRRPPARALLELRESISTANCEDIELECTRICLOSSESLSERIESINDUCTANCEESLZJRJLRJRCSPP130PARASITICINDUCTORLLSLILWLSINDUCTANCEOFTHEWOUNDSTRUCTURELIINDUCTANCEOFINTERNALLEADSLWINDUCTANCEOFCONNECTINGWIRESH101R2LN2L7WWWWLLLWLENGTHOFCONNECTINGWIRESMRWRADIUSOFCONNECTINGWIRESMPARTIALSELFINDUCTANCE31IMPEDANCEOFA“REAL”CAPACITORRRPSRS1C1LOLC1|ZJ|RSRPCL32IMPEDANCEOFA“REAL”CAPACITORATTENUATIONMEASUREMENTSOURCEUGZGZRZCURZGZR50RECEIVERCRGCRGRZ/ZZZ/ZUU33IMPEDANCEOFA“REAL”CAPACITORC100NF,CERAMICUG100DBV50MINIMUMLEADLENGTHFR951MHZL28NHMAXIMUMLEADLENGTHFR238MHZL447NH34IMPEDANCEOFA“REAL”CAPACITORC100NFUG100DBV50CERAMICFR951MHZL28NHPOLYESTERFR676MHZL554NH35APPROXIMATEUSABLEFREQUENCYMICA,GLASS,LOWLOSSCERAMICPAPER,METALIZEDPAPERHIGHKCERAMICALELECTROLYTICTANTALUMELECTROLYTICMYLARPOLYSTYRENE1011021031041051061071081091010100FREQUENCYHZ36ELECTROLYTICCAPACITORSHIGHCAPACITANCETOVOLUMERATIOHIGHSERIESRESISTANCEINCREASESWITHDECREASINGTEMPERATUREBY10100TIMESLOWRESONANCEFREQUENCYUSEDATLOWFREQUENCIESHIGHSENSIBILITYTOOVERVOLTAGEANDTEMPERATURERELIABILITYIMPROVEDBYVOLTAGEDERATINGSOLIDTANTALUMELECTROLYTICCAPACITORSHAVELESSSERIESRESISTANCEANDHIGHERCAPACITANCETOVOLUMERATIOTHANALUMINUMELECTROLYTIC37TYPICALCAPACITORFAILUREMODESALUMINUMELECTROLYTICCERAMICMICAMYLARMETALIZEDMYLARSOLIDTANTALUMCAPACITORTYPEOPENOPENSHORTSHORTLEAKAGESHORTSHORTSHORTSHORTSHORTNOISYSHORTNORMALUSEOVERVOLTAGE38SPECIALEMICAPACITORSFEEDTHROUGHCAPACITORSSCHEMATICREPRESENTATIONEQUIVALENTCIRCUITCHASSISTHEONLYLEADINDUCTANCEPRESENTISINSERIESWITHTHESIGNALANDTRANSFORMTHEFEEDTHROUGHCAPACITORINTOALOWPASSTFILTER39PARALLELINGCAPACITORSNOONECAPACITORCANPROVIDESATISFACTORYPERFORMANCEOVERTHEENTIRERANGEFROMLOWTOHIGHFREQUENCIESTWOORMORECAPACITORSOFDIFFERENTTYPESANDVALUESAREOFTENUSEDINPARALLELTOPROVIDEALOWIMPEDANCEINABROADFREQUENCYRANGEBEAWAREPARALLELINGOFCAPACITORSCANCAUSERESONANCESCAREFULLAYOUTTOREDUCEPARASITICINDUCTANCES40INDUCTORSRPCPLRPSERIESRESISTANCECPDISTRIBUTEDWINDINGCAPACITANCEP2PPPLCCRJ1LJRJZ41IMPEDANCEOFA“REAL”INDUCTORPC1LPOLC1RPCPL|ZJ|RP42INDUCTORSTHEYCANGENERATESTRAYMAGNETICFIELDSAIRCOREANDOPENMAGNETICCOREINDUCTORSAREMOSTLIKELYTOCAUSEINTERFERENCETHEYCANPICKUPEXTERNALMAGNETICFIELDSFORGOODHIGHFREQUENCYBEHAVIORKEEPPARASITICCAPACITANCEATMINIMUMVALUEFEWSEPARATEDTURNSCANPROVIDEAHIGHERIMPEDANCEATHIGHFREQUENCYTHANMANYTURNSCLOSELYSPACED43FERRITEBEADSFERRITECLASSOFNONCONDUCTIVECERAMICSCONSISTINGOFCOMBINATIONSOFOXIDEOFIRON,COBALT,NICKEL,ZINC,MAGNESIUM,ANDSOMERAREEARTHSHIGHRESISTIVITYMEANSLOWEDDYCURRENTLOSSESHOWEVERHIGHFREQUENCYHYSTERESISLOSSESSTILLEXISTFERRITEBEADCONDUCTORRL44FERRITEBEADSABOVEAGIVENFREQU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