新视野大学英语(第二版)泛读教程2_Unit2_课文翻译.doc

新视野大学英语（第二版）泛读教程2Unit 2PASSAGE AIs Education Still an Important Part of Youth Athletics?Education is an important part of youth athletics in the US. Young kids, cooped up in class, long for the relative freedom of the football field, the basketball court, the baseball diamond. They long to kick and throw things, and the fields of organized play offer a place in which to act out these impulses. Kids are basically encouraged, after all, to beat each other up on the football field. Yet for all the chaos, adult guidance and supervision are never far off, and time spent on the athletic fields is meant to be productive. Coaches seek to give lessons in teamwork, self-sacrifice, competition, winning, and losing. Teachers at least want their pupils worn out so that theyll sit still in reading class.教育是美国青少年体育的一个重要部分。被局 限于教室内的孩子们，是很向往自由空间的，像足球场，篮球场，和棒球场。他们渴望踢和扔，而这些空旷 的场地正好为他们提供了一种宣 泄和表 演的平台。孩子们基本上是被鼓励在足球场上打败对方的。然而对于所有的混乱，成年人的指导和监 督是不会离开半步得到，花在运动常识的时间目的在于 让训练去的成效。教练设法给队员们上课，教会他们什么是自我牺牲，竞 争，胜利和失败。老师们则希望他们的学生疲 惫不堪，这样的话学生们就会好好地坐在课室里看书了。By the time children start competing for spots on junior high soccer or tennis teams, the kids gloves have come off to some extent. The athletic fields become less a place to learn about soft values like teamwork than about hard self-discipline and competition. Competitiveness, after all, is prized highly by Americans, perhaps more so than by other peoples. For a child, being cut from the baseball team or denied a spot on the swimming is a disappointment and perhaps an opportunity for spiritual growth.当孩子们开始竞 争初中足球队或网球队的职 位时，在某种程度上他们都已经做好了战 斗准备。运动场变成了一个更像学习自我约束和竞争多过于学习团 队合 作这种内在品质的地方。毕竟竞 争力是受到美国人民高 度重 视的，至少相比其他民族的人要重视。当一个孩子被从棒球队或游泳对剔 除是很失 望的但也许这是一次心灵成长的机会。High school basketball or football teams are places where the ethos of competition is given still stronger emphases. Although high school coaches still consider themselves educators, the sports are not simple extensions of the classroom. They are important social institutions, for football games bring people together. In much of the US they are events there young people and their elders mingle and see how the community is developing.高中篮球或足球队是个竞争意识很强的地方。尽管高中的体育教练会把自己当成教育者，但体育已经不仅仅是课堂的简单延伸了。他们已经成了社会的一个重要机构，因为体 育加强了人们的联系。在美国的大多数地方，体育是一件能使年轻人和长辈加强沟 通联系并且从中看到社会进步历程的重要 事 项。For the best players, the progression from little league to junior high to high school leads to a business or organization paying the costs of attending a big-name college. College athletes are apparently student-athletes, an ideal that suggests a balance between the intellectual rigors of the university and the physical rigors of the playing field. The reality is skewed heavily in favor of athletics. One would be hard-pressed to show that major US college sports are about education. Coaches require far too much of players time to be truly concerned with any thing other than performance in sports. Too often, the players they recruit seem to care little about school themselves.对于一个最优秀的运动员来说，从一个小联盟到初中到高中的进展会与一个企业或组织是够愿 意为他们进入名牌大学的费 用买 单紧密挂钩。大学运动员显然就是学生运动员，有一个观点提出了要在学校智 力教育和运动场上的体质教育之间找到平 衡点。但事实却似乎更倾向于体育。很难去说明美国的重点大学体 育是关于文化教育的。教练们要求运动员花大量的时间在运动方面的表现上远远多过于其他的事情。而大多数情况下，他们所招 募的运动员似乎也极少关心学校的名气。This was not always the case. Universities Princeton, Harvard, Rutgers, and Yale -were the birthplaces of American football and baseball; education the formation of “character” was an important part of what those coaches and players thought they were achieving. In 1913, when football was almost declared illegal in the US, the games most famous figures traveled to Washington and argued successfully that football was an essential part of the campus experiences and that the nation would be robbed of its bravest young men, its best potential leaders, if the game were banned. 但也并非总是如此。像普林斯顿，哈佛，罗格斯和耶鲁，是美国足球和棒球的发源地；而它们的教育-性格的塑造，也是那些教练和运动员们引以为豪的取到的重要成就。在1913年，当足球被美国 政 府宣布是不合法的时候，一个体育界著名人物游 经华盛顿，他成功地诠释了足球是大学生涯的一个重要的组成部分，如果国家禁止了它，那么也同时将失去它最勇敢的年青人 和潜在的领 导人。The idea that competitive sports build character, a Western tradition that has lasted since ancient Greece, has obviously fallen out of fashion in todays US. Educators, now tending to see the kind of character shaped by football and basketball in a dark light, have challenged the notion that college sports produce interesting people. Famous athletes, such as boxer Muhammad Ali and basketball star Charles Barkley, distanced themselves from the earlier ideal of the athlete as a model figure. Todays US athlete is thus content to be an entertainer. Trying to do something good and helpful for the society, like being a role model, will make you seem over earnest and probably hurt your street credibility.这一句我不大理解，可能翻译有误。另有见解的童鞋可以再评论里分享噢 (v)西方的传统观念“竞技体育塑造人格”从古希腊便一直流传下来，但在今日的美国明显失去了主流地位。当下的教育者更相信衰落时期的足球 和篮球时代塑造了一种人格，这挑战了大学体育创造奇 才的观点 。一些像拳击手穆 罕默德阿里和篮球明星查尔斯巴克 利的运动员，已经 背离了他们要作为运动员模范 的初衷，现在的美国运 动员更像是艺人。努力地去做好一番事 业和回报社会，当一名社会模范，有时会使你看起来过于认真（像炒 作一般）或许会因此被人认为是在标新立异而有 损你的社会荣 誉。 When I was a kid, my heroes played on Saturdays. They were high school players and college athletes. Professional football games, broadcast on Sunday afternoons, were dull by comparison. After all, why would God schedule anything important for Sunday? Youve got school the next day.这是一种美式幽默么？其实我不大理解 o()o当我还是个孩子的时候，我的偶像是在周六比赛的。他们是高中和大学的运动员。而周日下午播出的专业足球赛与之相比起来就显得单调 了些。毕竟，上帝之所以会将重要的事情放在周日，是因为第二天你得上学。Although I certainly couldnt have expressed it at the time, I think I must already have sensed that throwing a ball or catching passes was a fairly meaningless thing to be good at. In the grand scheme, it was a silly preparation for a job. Yet playing sports was not pointless; the point, however, was that you were learning something a disposition, a certain virtue, a capacity for hardship in life that might be of value when you later started a productive career as a doctor or a schoolteacher or a businessman. The optimism of those Saturday afternoons was contagious. I still feel it today.尽管我无法很准确地表达出来，但我想我肯定已经感觉到扔一个球或接一个球是一件真正毫无意义的事情，甚至连擅长它都显得无意义。在 一个宏伟的 计划里，它只不过是事情的一个很简单的准备工作。然而运动并不是毫无意义的，重点是你会从中学到某些东西一种性格，一种美德，一种生活的能力，这些都是 你以后的职 业生涯中宝贵的财 富，不论你是一名医生，教师或者商人。记忆中那些个周六午后的乐观情绪一直在延续，而我至今仍然可以感受得到。PASSAGE BA Perfect SkateShe staggered off the practice ice supported by some of her skating-team friends. I hurried over to give Heidi her jacket and to support her until we could find a seat. At fifteen she had been living with cancer for a year. Wed learned the news just after returning from Chicago, where shed won her first gold medal in an international competition.在她的溜冰队友的支持帮助下她蹒 跚地从训练冰场爬起来。我赶紧给海蒂 递过夹克，并且在我们帮她找到作为之前不断地鼓励她。在15岁的时候她已经得癌一年了，我们刚从芝加哥回来时得知了这个坏消息，而她就是在芝加哥获得了她的第一枚国际金 牌。Then came the tests, the frequent visits to the doctor, and the surgery. Through it all, what mattered to her most was that she kept her ability to skate. Fortunately, her doctor agreed to let her skate as much as she was able.然后随之而来的是频繁的身体检查，频繁地看医生和手术。经过这一切，对于她最重要的是她的溜冰能力。庆幸的是，她的医生同意让她尽她所能地溜冰。Heidis friend Greg helped me take off her skates. All of the children were initially frightened by Heidis plight, but pitched in to help keep her safe.海 蒂的朋友格雷戈协助我帮她脱掉溜冰鞋。所有的孩子刚开始对海蒂的困境感到畏惧，但很快便尽自己所能地帮忙保护海蒂安全。“Is she all right?” Greg asked.“Yes, she just needs a nice nap before we can get her to the car,” I explained.Happy children turned around me as Heidi slept away. They all tried to be quiet, but their excitement for the Keystone State Games was obvious. How I wished those days would return for Heidi.“她还好吗？”格雷戈问。“嗯，在我们把她送上车前她需要好好地小睡一下。”我回答。快乐的孩子们趁海蒂睡着了转过身去。他们都很努力地保持安静，然而他们因为重点州级赛的兴奋是难以压抑的。我多么希望海蒂能够回到曾 经的那些快乐日子。Heidi had been working hard on her programs and was determined to compete, but now the deadline had passed. I woke her up and we began our journey to the car. “Mom, Coach Barb says I am skating my program well. I want to go to the State Games.”海蒂一直很努力地在奋斗，她下决心想要参赛，然而报名截止日期已经过去了。我把她叫醒然后开始往我们的车移动。“妈妈，教练巴布 说我的滑冰恢复得很好，我想要参加州级 赛。”Pain shot through my heart. When I told her the registration deadline had passed, she said her coach could probably still get her in. “Mom,” she begged, “I dont expect a medal. I just want to go there and be normal for a couple of days. Is that so bad?” A sob escaped her.疼痛侵蚀了我的心。当我告诉海蒂报名时间已经过去时，她说她的教练也许能帮她进入比赛。“妈妈，”她请求道，“我不指望能得奖， 我只是想要到那儿去过几天正常的生活，这难道很糟糕么？”她抽泣了起来。“Lets ask the doctor.” I said, uncertain.The next day at her medical examination she filled the doctor in on all the details of the State Games.“Ill tell you what,” he responded. “Its okay with me if it is okay with your mom, but youll have to get permission to miss your treatments.”I added something else to the list. “You have to eat right, sleep right, and take good care of yourself.”“I will, I promise!” she replied.“咱们去问问医生吧。”我不确定地说。第二天做医疗的时候她把州级赛的事 宜都告诉了医生，包括她的想法。“我告诉你吧，”医生说，“如果你妈妈同意的话我也是没问题的，但是你不能耽误你的治疗。”我在清单中又加了一些东西。“你必须吃好，睡好，照顾好你自己。”“我保证，我会的！”她回答。After getting permission from the doctor and sending in a last-minute registration from, Heidi was set to go to the State Games. Now it was the big night and Heidi was about to step down on the ice for her freestyle skate. I prayed.在得到医生的许可后，海蒂在截止时间的最后一分钟报了名，海蒂为州级赛做着准备。这是一个重要的夜晚，海蒂打算到冰场上去展示她的自由滑了。我默默地祈祷着。The speakers announced her name and I steadied my hand on the camera as she flowed across the ice gracefully, like her old self. Proudly, she took up her stance. Steel Magnolias song filled the arena, and she took off for a full performance.主持人念到海蒂的名字时，我平稳地举起相机拍下她滑过的优雅身姿，就像她曾经的自我。她十分自豪地准备好姿势。钢木兰的音乐声萦绕着舞台，海蒂的表演很完美。She picked the tip of her foot into the ice and lifted up into a jump. She was so high that a short look of fear crossed her face. I got worried, whispering, “Please God, dont let her break anything on the landing.”她抬起她的脚尖跃起一跳。一丝短暂的 恐惧闪 过她的脸庞。我开始担心，喃喃低语。“求求您啊上帝，请不要让她落地的那瞬间出现任何差错吧！”She landed perfectly, leg out behind her. Her face bore a huge smile as if to say, “I did it!” She store into her next move as the audience went wild. “Go Heidi!” echoed around the arena. She leaned into her ultimate move, the inside-outside eagle, perfectly done.她完美地着地了！腿骄傲地挺在身后。她的脸上浮现一个大大的微笑，仿佛在说，“看，我坐到了！”当观众们欣喜若狂的时候，海蒂继续她的下一动作。“加油啊海蒂！”鼓励声回荡在舞台上空。海蒂俯身完成了她的最后一 个动作，内外鹰，非常完美！From the stands came a joyful noise. None of us could believe it. Another huge jump! She was garnering points for the team. She glided into a lovely spiral jump, heavy boot held high like a flag of victory. Her cheeks were pink with effort and she was smiling with pride. Heidi had out-skated her best!台上传来了欢呼声。没有人能够相信！又一个巨大的跳跃！她为队伍赢得了分数。她滑行出一个可爱的螺旋跳，半空中她沉重的靴子像一面胜利的旗帜。她的脸颊因为努力而粉红，脸上浮出自豪的笑容。海蒂成功地挑战了自我！She exited victoriously into her coachs arms. Barb grabbed her in a huge hug, crying as they savored this wonderful moment. Then her joy turned to shock. Heidi lay lifeless in her arms. The arena quieted. I ran. 她兴奋地冲进教练的怀里。巴布给了她一个大大的拥抱，在这个喜悦的时刻失声痛哭。然后，她的喜悦戛然而止海蒂瘫软在她的怀中，失去生机。舞台变得十分安静。我开始跑向舞台。 I caught them as Heidis weight began to overpower Barb. I felt as though I would be overpowered as well, struggling under the surprisingly heavy weight of this small girl. Arms reached to help. I laid her carefully down and felt her neck to see if she was still alive. She was.Everyone waited in shock as I checked her over.Heidi was sound asleep when her teammates ran over to congratulate her. She had earned the gold medal in the freestyle competition!当巴布快要支撑不住海蒂的体重时我及时扶住了她们。我觉得我也快要晕过去了，我挣扎着支撑着这个出奇沉重的小女孩。胳膊努力地扶着。我小心翼翼地把海蒂放躺下来，用手触碰她的脖子想知道她是否还活着。庆幸的是，海蒂活着。在我检查海蒂的时候所有人都惊呆了。当海蒂的队友们跑过来祝贺她的时候，她看起来像熟睡了。最后海蒂获得了自由滑比赛的金牌。PASSAGE CThe Olympic SpiritThere are few sporting events that can compare with the Olympic Games. Athletes spend four years anticipating and fearing this event; it produces athletic displays to marvel at; and it pushes competitors to their physical and mental limits. Through it all, they are expected to believe in an ideal which has been at the heart of the modern Olympic Games since they began 100 years ago: Taking part is more important than winning.几乎没有一场体育赛事能和奥林匹克相提并论了。运动员们花费四年的时间准备，对这场体育盛事的焦虑。奥林匹克激发了运动员们的各种惊叹，将运动员的潜力激发到一种生理和心理上的极限。在这整个过程中，他们必须信奉现代奥林匹克运动会诞生100多年来的核心理念参与比获胜更重要。When the French educator Baron de Coubertin revived the ancient Greek concept of the Olympic Games and organized the first event in Greece in 1896, he also set out to revive the Olympic ideal of friendly and fair competition between amateurs. Since then, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has had the difficult job of upholding these principles as the Games have expanded and developed. 法国教育家顾拜 旦男爵复兴了古希腊奥林匹克理念，并组织了1896年希腊的第一场赛事，他还着手振兴奥林匹克友好公平竞争的的主题。从那刻起，随着奥林匹克的扩大与发展，国际奥委会一直从事着坚持奥林匹克原则这项艰巨的工作。The Games have also created a new type of contest: competition between countries and cities to win the chance of organizing the event. China won the honor to host the 2008 Olympic Games in its capital, Beijing.奥林匹克还创造了一个新的竞争项目：一个国家或城市之间的竞争，竞 争奥运会的举办权。中国十分荣幸地获得了2008年北京首都奥林匹克的举办权。In 1936, Adolf Hitler had his own ambitions for the Olympics. He wanted to use the Berlin Games of that year to prove that the Germans success in sporting activities and the countrys growing military power were based on racial superiority. That dream was shattered by the great success of black American runner Jesse Owens who won the 100 meters, the 200 meters, and the long jump (he was also a member of a record-breaking team).1936年，阿道夫 希特勒对奥林匹克拥有自己的野 心。他妄想通过当年的柏林奥运会来证明德军在体育赛事上的胜利和德国军 事力量的崛起是基于种族优势。这一美梦被美国黑人赛跑运动员杰西欧文斯所取得的巨大成功 击得粉碎。欧文斯赢得了100米、200米和跳远等比赛的胜利。（他也是在那届赛事中破纪录的美国接力队的成员之一。）The Olympics were used to make a very different political statement in 1968, when leading American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised salutes from the medals podium following the 200 meters. Theirs was a demonstration in support of the civil rights campaign against racial segregation in the USA, but the two were condemned by the IOC.1968年，奥运会曾被借以发表政 治声明。当美国短跑运动员托米 史密斯和约翰 卡洛斯从颁奖台上获得致敬和200米奖牌是，他们证实了自己支持民权运动，反对美国的种族歧视，但是他们俩遭到国际奥委会的谴 责。Arguably, the darkest days in the history of the Olympics were in Munich in 1972, when Palestinians extremists killed two members of the Israeli team, and took nine other hostages. All nine were later killed.可以说，历史上奥运会最黑暗的一场是1972年的慕尼黑奥运会，当时巴勒斯坦的极端分子杀害了以色列队中的两名成员，并劫持了九名人 质。后来九名人质都被杀 害了。The political tensions of the Cold War also had an influence on the Olympics. In 1980, the USA led other countries in refusing to attend the Moscow Olympics in protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the previous year. Four years later, the countries of the former USSR stayed away from the Los Angeles Games. Damage was done to the 1976 Games when 30 countries refused to attend in Montreal in protest against New Zealand which had broken sporting sanctions against South Africa.冷战时政 治上的紧张关系也影响了奥林匹克。1980年，美国领导它的随从国家拒接参加莫斯科奥运会以抗议苏联在前一年对阿富汗的军事侵 略。四年后，前苏联的国家拒绝参加洛杉矶奥运会。30个国家拒绝参加1976年的蒙特利尔奥运会，因为这届奥运会打破了对南非的体育制 裁，而新西兰也因此受到损害。In more recent times, the IOC has had to deal with another problem: drugs. The IOCs President, Juan Antonio Samaranch, is proud of the fact that the dangers of athletes using drugs to improve their performance were first recognized 30 years ago. Now the IOC has a strict system for testing competitors and some of the most advanced scientific equipment was at use in Atlanta and Athens.在近代，国际奥委会面临了另一个新问题：毒 品。国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇，对于30年前首次得以验证的毒 品被运动员用于提升成绩的危害性感到自豪。现在国际奥委会成立了一套很严格的系统用于测试选手，另外还有最先进