新概念英语119课讲义

Lesson119 A true story讲义重点一、本课重要单词story: n. 故事; a detective story 侦探小说；happen: v. 发生、碰巧；How did it happen? 那是怎么发生的？掌握一个重要句型：It happens + that.:碰巧.It happens that he knows the truth.碰巧他知道事情的真相。thief: n.贼,小偷；注意thief的复数形式为thives.另外像knife的复数形式为knives.enter: v. 进入;加入，参加；He entered university at the age of 18. 他18岁上了大学。dark: adj. 黑暗的;It was a dark night. 那是个黑夜。torch: n.手电筒; turn on a torch开手电筒；turn off a torch关掉手电筒。voice: n.声音; in an angry voice 以生气的声音;lose ones voice:失声；parrot: n. 鹦鹉;二、本课重要知识点1. I want to tell you a true story. 我想告诉你一个真实的故事。在本句中我们要掌握tell的用法：（1）tell sb sth=tell sth to sb：告诉某人某事。例：I want to tell you something wonderful.我想要告诉你一些好玩的事。I want to tell something wonderful to you.我想要告诉你一些好玩的事。（2）tell sb to do sth:告诉某人去做某事；例： She told me to finish my homework on time. 她告诉我要按时完成作业。 I told him to turn on the light. 我告诉他打开灯。2. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. 这是一年前发生在我的一个朋友身上的故事。在本句中我们要掌握happen的具体用法：（1）happen to sb:某事发生在某人身上；例：She hoped nothing bad would happen to him. 她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。（2）happen to do sth:碰巧.;I happened to see him on the street.我碰巧在大街上遇到他了。（3）It happens + that碰巧:It happens that the actor is her brother. 那个演员碰巧是她的哥哥。It happens that she also likes swimming.碰巧她也喜欢游泳。3. 掌握以下重要短语：A friend of mine:我朋友中的一个。Turn on a torch:打开手电筒。Whats up?: 什么事？Run away:逃跑；As quickly as possible:尽可能快地；Come downstairs:下楼；Go back to sleep:回去睡觉；4.重要语法：过去完成时。过去完成时指过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成的动作，或由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，主要用来表示“过去的过去”。（一）基本结构主语+had+动词的过去分词，例：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came。我在车站等了20分钟，一辆公共汽车终于来了。He left the room after he had turned off the light. 他把灯关上之后，离开了房间。动词过去分词的规则变化： 一般情况下，在动词后加ed构成：work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。 在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。（二）基本用法：过去完成时指过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成的动作，或由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，主要用来表示“过去的过去”。例：He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。（去北京这一动作在“说”之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”）The bus had already left by the time I got there.等我到那的时候，汽车已经开走了。（汽车开走这一动作发生在我“到那”之前。）He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。（由过去的时间1949一直延续到过去某一时间）（三）句型转换在过去完成时做主句的情况下，把肯定句转换成疑问句只需要把had提到主语前面即可，例：The bus had already left by the time I got there.（变疑问句）等我到那的时候，汽车已经开走了。Had the bus already left by the time you got there?你到那的时候汽车已经开走了吗？They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday在上周三以前他们已经种了六百棵树了。Had they planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday?在上周三以前他们已经种了六百棵树了吗？在过去完成时做主句的情况下，把肯定句转换成疑问句只需要在had后面加not即可。例：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday在上周三以前他们已经种了六百棵树了。They had not planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday在上周三以前他们还没有种到六百棵树。The bus had already left by the time I got there.等我到那的时候，汽车已经开走了。The bus had not left by the time I got there.等我到那的时候，汽车还没有开走。（四）标志词过去完成时连用的时间状语有： by + 过去的时间点。I had learnt six hundre