4、SCI科研论文英语写作全攻略12节视频pptw 03

酸谈学社 上海尤里卡信息科技有限公司版权所有 英语科研论文写作 第 三 章 句式和标点 Kevin主讲人 句式 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 句式 英语句式的特点 主 - 谓 - 宾 （简单句） 句子基本结构与中文句子 的基本结构类似 复合句（从句很普遍） 独特之处 行文中不能只有简单句 ，也不能只写长句。 (#下句接上句的内容来行文) 简单句与复合句交错安排 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10.Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10.Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10.Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin- remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10. Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10.Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10.Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10. Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study Bladder cancer is ranked as one of the major genitourinary malignancies worldwide, with males being four times more likely than women to be diagnosed by this disease 1. Urothelial carcinoma comprises 90% of all bladder cancer cases, and therefore is the focus of the bladder cancer studies 2. The economic burden of bladder cancer remains high among the major costly malignancies for decades 3. Despite great advances in understanding its molecular pathogenesis, detailed mechanisms regarding the initiation, progression, and metastasis of bladder cancer await elucidation. In addition, genetic alterations are the key to understand the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Previous studies have laid out the mutational landscape for this cancer, highlighting genes of chromatin-remodeling and cell cycle pathway 4, along with the commonly known mutations in TP53 5, HRAS 6, FGFR3 7, PIK3CA 8, RB1 9, KRAS 6 and TSC1 10.Many resources and tools have empowered in-depth studies on the mechanisms accounting for cancer progression 11, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one of such important mechanisms to regulate carcinogenesis and metastasis 12. Yet the knowledge of the regulatory ncRNAs and their roles in bladder cancer is still limited. 标点的妙用 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 标点的妙用：冒号 解释 引出列表 1 2 前一段结束后，后边句子试图进一步解 释前一段内容时应用。 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study In addition to stabilizing the FBW7-substrates, USP28 was also found to directly stabilize FBW7 itself, which leads to reduction of FBW7 substrate proteins. As a result, in contrast to the oncogenic effect of overexpressing USP28 in colorectal cancer, inhibition or deletion of USP28 would otherwise have tumor-promoting effect by destabilizing FBW7. This raises an interesting question regarding the dual functions of USP28: whether it is oncogenic or tumor-suppressive? An accountable explanation is that, 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study The clustering analysis on the significantly differentially expressed 7 circRNAs (FDR 0.05, Fig. 3A) showed that most of the circRNAs were up-regulated in the tumors, with only one circRNA (i.e. chr9_74522734_74523039) being down-regulated in these samples (Fig. 3B) . Concomitantly, clustering on the coding mRNAs detected by the same microarray showed a similar pattern: a majority of the coding mRNAs were up- regulated in the tumors (Fig. 3C all 40 strains of blaOXA-23carried blaOXA-51; 9 strains carried all three bla genes of blaKPC, blaOXA-51, and blaOXA-23; and 5 isolates carrying blaOXA-48also carried both blaOXA-51and blaKPC. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study FBW7 is considered as a tumor suppressor that controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by targeting key transcriptional factors to ubiquitin-directedproteasomedegradation 17. Itsfunctionscanbe counteracted by DUBs, where Lys48-linked ubiquitin chain can be removed by DUBs before the proteolysis of the tagged protein. The functions of DUBs may cover a wide range of physiological processes in the cells; but the most prominent scenario can be exemplified by the promotion of oncoprotein stability. 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study It is worth pointing out that the marker of Hyp-BK/BK ratio may be tumor- specific due to the following observations: (1) only pancreatic cancer cell lines displayed high levels of Hyp-BK/BK ratio when subjected to hypoxic culturing condition (Fig. 4C); (2) the KRAS-mutant-transformed normal pancreas cell lines (i.e. HPDEK and HPNEK) also showed the same pattern (Fig. 4C). 冒号与分号连用情形： 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 Case study In the current study, we set out to interrogate the regulatory mechanism of hypoxia on P4H1 and its catalytic products, Hyp-BK. We found that hypoxia-induced P4H1 activity accounted for the increased Hyp-BK/BK ratio: firstly, under hypoxia, both HIF-1 and P4H1 are significantly upregulated at transcriptional and translational levels (Fig. 1); secondly, the ChIP data indicate that P4H1 is subject to direct regulation by HIF-1 (Fig. 1E); thirdly and most importantly, the in vitro P4H1 activity assay provides direct evidence that Hyp-BK and BK are subject to regulation of hypoxia through the HIF-1- P4H1 pathway, as the pharmacological inhibitor of HIF-1 (i.e. digoxin) abolished elevation of Hyp- BK/BK under hypoxia (Fig. 3); lastly, Hyp-BK/BK may be specific for hypoxic tumors, since generally only pancreatic cancer cell lines displayed significantly higher levels of Hyp-BK/BK under hypoxia compared with the normal pancreas cell lines (Fig. 4). Therefore, we propose that the ratio of hyp-BK/BK can reliably reflect the tumor hypoxic status. 冒号与分号连用情形 解 螺 旋|陪 伴 医 生 科 研 成 长 英语科研写作 标点的妙用：破折号 详述或解释