中国礼仪 第1部分.doc

中国礼仪 第1部分：日常生活 中国被称为一个国家的礼仪和仪式。 Many proverbs have been passed down from generation to generation such as civility costs nothing or courtesy demands reciprocity and so on. 许多谚语一直流传，一代一代传下去，如文明成本无关或礼貌要求互惠等。 For instance, there is an interesting short story. 例如，现在有一个有趣的小故事。 Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour to visit his friend with a swan as a gift. 黄飞鸿的时候，一名男子来到一个长期的游览参观他的朋友与天鹅作为礼物。 But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he got hold of nothing but a feather. 但它逃出笼子上的方式并在自己的努力追赶，他掌握到的不过是一种羽毛。 Instead of returning home, he continued his journey with the swan feather. 而不是回到家里，他继续他的旅程，与天鹅羽毛。 When his friend received this unexpected gift, he was deeply moved by the story as well as the sincerity. 当他的朋友收到这份意外的礼物，他被深深感动的故事，以及诚意。 And the saying the gift is nothing much, but its the thought that counts. 并说， 礼物是什么好，但它的思想算数的。 was spread far and wide. 被广为流传。 Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute.中文用来杯一方面，在其他前胸部作为一个敬礼。 This tradition has a history of more than 2000 years and nowadays it is seldom used except in the Spring Festival.这个传统，有历史，更比2000年和现在，它则很少使用，除非在春节。 And shaking hands is more popular and appropriate on some formal occasions.和握手，是较受欢迎的，并适当对一些正式的场合。 Bowing, as to convey respect to the higher level, is often used by the lower like subordinates, students, and attendants.屈从，以转达敬意，向更高层次，但往往是用较低喜欢部属，学生，和服务员。 But at present Chinese youngsters tend to simply nod as a greeting.但目前中国青少年往往简单地点头作为迎接。 To some extent this evolution reflects the ever-increasing paces of modern life.在一定程度上这种演变，反映了不断增加的步伐现代生活。 It is common social practice to introduce the junior to the senior, or the familiar to the unfamiliar.这是共同的社会实践，介绍初级向高级，或熟悉的陌生。 When you start a talk with a stranger, the topics such as weather, food, or hobbies may be good choices to break the ice.当你开始一个跟一个陌生人，今天的题目，例如天气，食物，或嗜好，是个好选择，以打破僵局。 To a man, a chat about current affairs, sports, stock market or his job can usually go on smoothly.一个男人，聊时事，体育，股市，或他的工作，通常可以继续顺利进行。 Similar to Western customs, you should be cautious to ask a woman private questions.类似于西方的习俗，你应该谨慎想问一个女子的私人问题。 However, relaxing talks about her job or family life will never put you into danger.然而，放宽谈及自己的工作或家庭生活永远不会把你变成危险。 She is usually glad to offer you some advice on how to cook Chinese food or get accustomed to local life.她通常是很乐意为您提供一些意见，就如何烹调中国菜或习惯当地的生活。 Things will be quite different when youve made acquaintance with them.事情将会相当不同的时候，你已经结识了他们。 Implicit as Chinese are said to be, they are actually humorous enough to appreciate the exaggerated jokes of Americans.隐作为一个中国人说，他们其实是幽默足以欣赏夸张笑话的美国人。 As is said above, Chinese consider gifts as an important part to show courtesy.正如上面说，中国认为，作为礼品的重要组成部分，以示礼貌。 It is appropriate to give gifts on occasions such as festival, birthday, wedding, or visiting a patient.这是适当给予礼物的场合，如节日，生日，婚礼，或探亲病人。 If you are invited to a family party, small gifts like wine, tea, cigarettes, or candies are welcomed.如果你邀请一个家庭，小礼物，如酒，茶叶，香烟，或糖果，受到欢迎。 Also fruit, pastries, and flowers are a safe choice.此外，水果，糕点，鲜花盛开，是一个安全的选择。 As to other things, you should pay a little attention to the cultural differences.至于其他的事情，你应该付出很少注意文化差异。 Contrary to Westerners, odd numbers are thought to be unfortunate.相反，西方人奇数被认为是很不幸的。 So wedding gifts and birthday gifts for the aged are always sent in pairs for the old saying goes that blessings come in pairs.所以结婚礼物和生日礼物，为老人总是派出两人一组为古语有云说，祝福来无独有偶。 Though four is an even number, it reads like death in Chinese thus is avoided.虽然四是偶数，它读起来就像死在中国，因此是可以避免的。 So is pear for being a homophone of separation.那么，是梨作为一个同音的分离。 And a gift of clock sounds like attending others funeral so it is a taboo, too.及礼品的时钟好像出席其他的葬礼，这是一个禁忌，太。 As connected with death and sorrow, black and white are also the last in the choice.作为与死亡和悲伤，黑人和白人，也是最后一次的选择。 Gift giving is unsuitable in public except for some souvenirs.赠送礼物是不适合在公共除了一些纪念品。 Your good intentions or gratitude should be given priority to but not the value of the gifts.你的好意或感谢，应该优先考虑，而不是价值的礼物。 Otherwise the receiver may mistake it for a bribe.否则，接收器可能会错误地用于行贿。 第2部分：商务礼仪 随着越来越多的外国公司和个人去开拓中国市场，这是更好地了解一些中国的做法，企业界的接触和谈判，在事前。 When the establishment of initial business contacts is referred, introduction letters may be the first ready answer for those who are familiar with the old system of planned economy.当建立初步的业务联系是指，引进信件可能是第一个现成的答案对于那些熟悉旧的计划经济体制。 The purchasing agent had to take an introduction letter made out by the factory director when getting into touch with other factories.采购代理人已采取介绍信开出，由厂长时，进入接触到其他工厂。 After the policy of opening to the outside world was adopted, more convenient ways emerged.之后，政策的对外开放中获得通过，更方便的方式出现。 You can establish contacts by phone, fax, email and more and more Chinese corporations have set up their own websites.你可以建立联系，通过电话，传真，电子邮件，以及越来越多的中国企业已建立了自己的网站。 After the first phase, an investigation to the company in person may show your sincerity to cooperate.第一阶段结束后，调查公司的人可能显示你的诚意合作。 When negotiation is entered, the right of decision-making often depends on who are present at the meeting.当谈判进入，正确的决策往往取决于人出席了会议。 In most cases, verbal communications are enough.在大多数情况下，口头沟通是不够的。 Too many gestures may leave others an impression of arrogance.太多的手势可以离开别人的印象是傲慢。 As to eye contact, when you speak, looking into others eyes will do, for cultural differences puts a limit on it.以眼神接触时，你说了，看到别人的眼睛会做的，因为文化的差异了限制。 And youd better not take the Chinese nod for agreement; its only a sign that they are listening attentively.你最好不要以中文点头同意，这只是意味着他们认真地听取。 Chinese prefer formal meetings, but after that is usually a dinner together to show their hospitality.中文宁可正式会议，但经过这就是通常共进晚餐，以示他们的盛情款待。 However some Westerners think it a waste at public expense.但一些西方人士认为这是浪费公帑。 One piece of advice may be Do as the Chinese do.一句忠告，可做中国人。 When you become acquaintance with the Chinese partner, a private lunch meeting or dinner at home is a good opportunity to know each other.当你成为熟人与中国的合作伙伴，一个私人午餐会或晚餐在家里是一个好机会，互相认识。 In China you should not be surprised to see many business women taking up positions like director, general manager, president and etc. They play such an important role in the society as to prop up half of the sky.在中国，你应该不会感到惊奇地看到许多商业妇女采取了阵地一样，董事，总经理，总裁等，他们扮演这样一个重要角色，在社会中，以托顶半边天。 Generally speaking, career women demand no more respect than men.一般来说，职业妇女的需求，没有更多的尊重高于男性。 But they will particularly appreciate the gentlemanly manners.但他们会特别欣赏绅士风度。 Chinese think punctuality is a virtue and try to practice it especially in the business world.中国人认为，守时是一种美德，并尝试实践中，尤其是在商业世界。 Chinese usually tend to come a bit earlier to show their earnestness.中国人往往会来早一些，以显示自己的正经。 And it would not be regarded as being late if you come within 10 minutes.它不会被视为迟到，如果你在10分钟内。 礼仪： China has often been referred to as the Nation of Etiquette.中国常常被称为民族的礼仪。 According to many westerners, however, Chinese people often act in what appears to be a discourteous manner.据许多西方人，但是，中国人的行为往往在什么似乎是一个无礼的态度。 The reason for this anomaly lies in the different cultural and historical views of social decorum.原因是这个不正常的现象是，在不同的文化和历史观点的社会礼仪。 In order to avoid unnecessary mistakes and embarrassment during communications, a better understanding of Chinese etiquette is essential.为了避免不必要的失误和尴尬，在通信，更好地了解中国的礼仪是必不可少的。握手： Handshaking is considered formal greeting behavior in China.握手被认为是正式迎来行为在中国。 It is used to show respect, but only if the person is someone important, like a government official or a businessman.它是用来尊重人，但只有当某人是某人重要，但像政府官员或商人。 The grip should be firm, but not overly strong, and should not be prolonged because Chinese, like other Asians, prefer a brief handshake.抓地力要坚决，但不能过于强烈，而且不应受到长时间，因为中国人，像其他亚洲人，宁可选择一个简短的握手。 After shaking hands, you may exchange your name or the title of your company with each other and then proceed to carry out the affairs.后握手，你可以交换你的姓名或名称贵公司与对方，然后开始进行有关的事务。面子（ FACE ）的： Mianzi, commonly referred to as face, is a reflection of a persons level of status in the eyes of his or her peers.面子，通常被称为面子 ，是反映一个人的水平，地位，在眼里，他或她的同伴。 Having face means you are viewed by your peers, superiors, and subordinates as one in harmony with the prevailing disposition of society.有面子是指你是看你的同伴，上司，部属，作为一个在和谐与普遍的处置社会。 It is a subtlety that is not openly discussed in Chinese society, but exists as a conversational skill nonetheless.这是一个微妙的，这不是公开讨论，在中国社会，但存在一个会话技巧尽管如此。 As a foreigner, it is not necessary to take Mianzi too seriously when engaged in discussions that may be confusing.作为一个外国人，没有必要采取面子看得太重的时候，进行了讨论，可能引起混乱。 Mianzi can best be understood as the avoidance of embarrassment in front of others.面子最能够被理解为避免尴尬，在他人面前。 Otherwise, it can be considered to be impolite.否则，它可被认为是不礼貌的。赠送礼物： Courtesy demands reciprocity, goes an old Chinese saying, and the advice is an indispensable part of social interactions. 礼貌要求互惠 ，当然中国有句老话，并忠告是一个不可缺少的部分，社会互动。 It is important to both private and business relationships.这是对双方都很重要的私人和商业关系。 The best choice for the initial meeting is a gift that expresses some unique aspect of your country.最好的选择初次会议是一个礼物，表达了一些独特的方面，贵国。 The gift packaging should be red or any other festive color.礼品包装应是红色或任何其他节日色彩。 White and black are ominous and should be avoided.白色和黑色是不祥的，应当避免。 It is not proper, and is even considered to be unfortunate, to take a clock as a gift or to choose one having to do with the number four, which sounds like death in Chinese.这是不正确的，甚至被认为是不幸的，要采取一个时钟作为礼物，或选择一个不得不做的，与排名第四的国家，这听起来像死在中国。 Even though even numbers are considered as good luck, the number four is an exception.即使连号码也被认为是好运气，有多少个四年，是一个例外。 Do not brag about your gift in front of the recipient, and you should use both hands when presenting it.不要夸口说：你的礼物，在前面的受赠人，你应该用两手的时候，把它。 Generally, the recipient may graciously refuse the present when first offered.一般情况下，受赠人可以拒绝宽宏大量本时，首先提供的。 In this case, you should correctly assess the situation and present it once again.在这种情况下，你要正确评估形势和当前一遍。 If the recipient did not open your gift, it does not mean that he or she is not interested in it.如收件人在没有打开你的礼物，这并不等于说他或她是不是有兴趣。 It is polite to open it after you leave.这是客气，打开它之后，你离开。家庭访视： In China, a gift is also necessary when visiting a family.在中国这样一个礼物，也是必要的时候，来访的一个家庭。 But it is not as complex as the above situation.但这并不是说，似乎复杂，因为上述情况。 Usually, flowers, common fruits and food are okay.通常，花卉，常见的水果和食品都是好的。 As for alcohol, you had better check whether the person enjoys it or if they have such a hobby.至于喝酒，你最好检查的人是否喜欢它，或如果他们有这种嗜好。 During lunch time, hosts will ask you to have more food or alcohol.在吃午饭的时候，主持人会问你能有更多的食物或酒精。 If you do not want to disappoint them, you can have a little more according to your situation.如果你不想让他们失望，你能多花一点根据你的处境。 If you are truly full, you had better refuse directly, otherwise, the hospitable hosts will continue to refill your bowl.如果你是真正的全部，你还是拒绝直接的，否则，热情好客的东道主，将继续充值你的碗。 If you follow the usual rules of etiquette in China, you will extend the proper respect to the people.如果你按照通常规则的礼仪，在中国，你会延长适当的尊重，给人民群众。 But there is no need to worry more about the cultural barriers, for the warm and friendly Chinese will try their best to respect your customs when communicating.但没有必要担心更多地了解文化上的障碍，给予的热情和友好的中国会尽一切努力去尊重你的时候，海关的沟通。红包为中国新年 什么是一个红封包及如何给予一 红色包（红包） ，根本是一个红包用金钱，常常饰有幸运符号，象征好运和财富。 It is called Hong Bao in Chinese. 它被称为洪宝在中国。次发红包 Traditionally red packets are handed out to younger generation by their parents, grand parents, relatives, and even close neighbors and friends during Chinese New Year.传统的红包交给了年轻的一代，他们的父母，盛大的父母，亲戚，甚至是近邻和朋友，在中国农历新年。 They are also popular gifts for weddings and birthdays.他们也很受欢迎的礼物，为婚礼和生日。 Nowadays giving red packets as a bonus at the year-end by employers becomes popular.如今送红包作为奖金，在今年年底由雇主变成受欢迎。多少让 It depends on the situation.它视情况而定。 If you give red packets to kids for the New Year, age will be an important factor.如果你给红包，给孩子们为新的一年中，年龄将是一个重要的因素。 Usually the older the kids are, the more money they will get.通常年纪较大的孩子，钱越多，他们将得到的。 For a kid of five years old, one or two dollars will be fine.一个孩子5岁，一个或两个美元将被罚款。 It will be better to have enough money in the red packet for a 15-years old to buy something himself.它会更好，以有足够的钱，在红封包，为一名15岁的买自己的东西。 如果你去一个婚礼时，金钱在红包应是有关的权利为好礼物。 Naturally you will be glad to put a little more money in it if you have a very close relation with the couple.当然，你会很高兴把多花一点钱，但如果你有一个非常密切的关系，与该对夫妇。 But it should be based on your financial situation and dont overdo it.但是，应该根据你的财务状况和不要过分信赖它。 It is similar for birthdays.这是类似的生日。 The red packets usually contain less money since birthdays are not as important as weddings.该红包通常含有更少的钱，因为生日是没有那么重要，因为婚礼。 People often just bring gifts for birthdays.人们往往只把礼物生日。 You can also bring gifts for weddings.你也可以把礼物婚礼。 如果你去一个婚礼时，金钱在红包应是有关的权利为好礼物。 Naturally you will be glad to put a little more money in it if you have a very close relation with the couple.当然，你会很高兴把多花一点钱，但如果你有一个非常密切的关系，与该对夫妇。 But it should be based on your financial situation and dont overdo it.但是，应该根据你的财务状况和不要过分信赖它。 It is similar for birthdays.这是类似的生日。 The red packets usually contain less money since birthdays are not as important as weddings.该红包通常含有更少的钱，因为生日是没有那么重要，因为婚礼。 People often just bring gifts for birthdays.人们往往只把礼物生日。 You can also bring gifts for weddings.你也可以把礼物婚礼。 送红包给员工之前，新的一年也不失为一个好主意。 This can be either a gift or a bonus.这可以是礼品或奖金。 If it is as a gift, the money should be just right for a gift.如果是作为礼物，这些钱应该正好适合的礼物。 If as a bonus, you may enclose a check in the red packet and hand it out in an office.如果作为奖赏，你可以附上支票，在红封包及手出一间办公室。生日海关的新生儿和老人 第1部分：新生婴儿 中国人民把他们的家庭摆在十分重要的位置，因为他们把它当作一种手段，以保持家庭的血液流不断运行。 And the running family blood stream maintains the life of the whole nation. 和运行家族血液流维持生命的整个民族。 That is why children production and breeding in China becomes a focus of all members of families. 这就是为什么儿童生产和育种中的中国变成一个集中各成员的家庭。 It is even accepted by them as an essential moral duty. 它甚至没有接受他们作为一个基本的道德责任。 There is a Chinese saying that of all who lack filial piety, the worst is who has no children. 有一个中国人常说，所有的人，缺乏孝道，但最恶劣的是，他们没有孩子。 事实上，中国人要高度重视儿童的生产和育种中可以得到许多习惯做法。 Many traditional customs about preproduction of children are all based on the idea of children protection.许多传统习俗，对生产准备的儿童都是基于这个理念的儿童的保护。 When a wife is found to be pregnant, people will say she has happiness, and all her family members will feel overjoyed about it.当一个妻子被查出怀孕时，人们会说她幸福 ，她所有的家庭成员都会感到雀跃一下。 Throughout the whole period of pregnancy, both she and the fetus are well attended, so that the fetus is not hurt in any way and the new generation is born both physically and mentally healthy.在整个时期怀孕，她和胎儿都踊跃出席，因此，只要胎儿是不会伤害任何方式和新的一代是出生双方身心健康。 To keep the fetus in a good condition, the going-to-be mother is offered sufficient nutritious foods and some traditional Chinese medicines believed to be helpful to the fetus.让胎儿在良好的条件下，走出去要被母亲是提供足够的营养食品和一些传统中药，相信会有帮助胎儿。 当婴儿降生时，母亲须 zuoyuezi 还是留在床上了一个月，以收回从疲劳。 In this month, she is advised to stay at home and not to go outdoors.在这一个月，她是尽量留在家中休息，不要到室外。 Cold, wind, dirty air, and tiredness are said to exert bad effect on her health and thus her later life.寒冷，风，脏空气，疲倦，据说施加坏影响她的健康，所以她后来的生活。 一个好的名字，为孩子被认为是同样重要的。 The Chinese think a name may somehow determine the future of the child.中国认为，一个名称，可能在某种程度上决定未来的孩子。 Therefore, all possible factors must be taken into account when they are naming their children.因此，所有可能的因素都必须考虑到，当他们命名自己的孩子。 传统上，分为两部分的一个名字是必要的，家庭的名称或姓名和性格，显示一代秩序的家庭。 Another character in the first name is chosen as the namer pleases.另一种性格，在第一名称是获选为namer我行我素。 The generation signing characters in the names are usually given by the forefathers, who chose them from a line of a poem or found their own and put them in the genealogy for their descendents to use.一代签署人物的名字，通常是由先人，他们选择了他们从一条线的一首诗，或找到自己的，并介绍他们的族谱，他们的后裔，使用便捷。 For this reason, it is possible to know the relationships between the family relatives by just looking at their names.基于这个理由，这是不可能预先知道之间的关系，家庭亲属只看他们的名字。 另一个习俗是要找到适合初生婴儿的八字（ 4双，显示年，月，日，时一个人的出生，每一组构成的一个天朝干和一个俗世的分支机构，原来使用于算命）和元在8个字。 It is traditionally believed in China that the world is made up of five principal elements: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.这是传统上认为，在中国认为，世界是由无数的五项主要内容：金，木，水，火，土。 A persons name is to include an element that he lacks in his Eight Characters.一个人的名字，是包括一个因素，他没有在他的8个字。 If he lacks water, for example, then his name is supposed to contain a word like river, lake, tide, sea, stream, rain, or any word associating with water.如果他缺乏食水，例如，那么他的名字，是为了遏制一句话像河流，湖泊，潮汐，海洋，溪流，雨，或者任何一个字缔水。 If he lacks metal, then he is to be given a word like gold, silver, iron, or steel.如果他缺乏金属的话，他是应该得到一个字如金，银，铁或钢。 一些人甚至认为，有多少笔划名称，有很多事都与主人的命运。 So when they name a child, the number of strokes of the name is taken into account.因此，当他们名下的孩子，有多少笔划名称，是考虑之列。 Some parents prefer to use a character from an eminent persons name, hoping that their child inherits that persons nobility and greatness.有些家长喜欢用一个字，由一位杰出的人的名字，希望他们的子女继承了该人的崇高和伟大。 Characters with noble and encouraging connotations are also among the first choices.汉字与崇高和令人鼓舞的内涵，也是第一选择。 Some parents inject their own wishes into their childrens names.有些家长注入自己的意愿把自己孩子的名字。 When they want to have a boy, they may name their girl Zhaodi meaning expecting a brother.当他们希望有一个男孩，他们可以自己的名义女孩zhaodi意义预期的弟弟。 第一个重要活动，为新出生的婴儿在1个月的庆祝活动 。 In Buddhist or Taoist families, on the morning of the babys 30th day, sacrifices are offered to the gods so that the gods will protect the baby in his subsequent life.在佛教或道教的家庭，当日上午该名婴儿的第30天，牺牲，是提供给神，让神会保护婴儿，在他随后的生活。 Ancestors are also virtually informed of the arrival of the new member in the family.祖先也几乎获悉，进入新的成员在家庭中。 According to the customs, relatives and friends receive gifts from the childs parents.据海关，亲属和朋友接受馈赠，由儿童的父母。 Types of gifts vary from place to place, but eggs dyed red are usually a must both in town and the countryside.各类礼品各有不同地方，但鸡蛋染红色通常是既要在城市和农村。 Red eggs are chosen as gif