专四作文辅导5-图表作文讲解

.,专四作文辅导:图表作文,.,主要辅导内容,模拟3图表作文讲解（含提纲）图表作文概述（四种类型的图表）图表作文的结构（2类）图表作文的开头图表作文的数据描述图表作文的结尾几个范文,.,模考3作文,审题：Introduction:miniresearchproject,barchartBody:图表中的趋势Conclusion（也许有未来行动方向？材料的附加信息可以用）,.,纵轴：某年龄段参与慈善捐款的人口占本年龄段人口的比例横轴：5个不同年龄组变量：两个年份：1990年和2010年趋势分析年份比较参与慈善捐款的人口占总人口数的比例:19902010年龄组比较（1）总体：参与慈善捐款的人口比例在不同年龄段有显著差异。（2）两年相比：与20年前相比，中青年人的捐款人口比例显著下降，老年人的捐款人口比例略有上升。,.,提纲,Introduction:miniresearchproject,barchartBody:Comparedwith1990,therewasalowerpercentageofBritishpeopledonatingmoneytocharityin2010.举例：1990年，捐款比例最小的年龄组17%，其他年龄组都超过30%，最高值42%。2010年，捐款比例最小的年龄组7%，其他年龄组超过20%,最高值39%。Ingeneral,thepercentageofBritishpeoplegivingmoneytocharityvaryamongdifferentagegroups.Comparedwith1990,thereisasignificantdeclineofthepercentageamongthreeagegroupsunder50,andonlyaslightriseofthepercentageamongtwoagegroupsover50.举例：下降组的数据对比，上升组的数据对比Conclusion:发现：ThepercentageofBritishpopulationcontributingmoneytocharityisdecliningandthedeclineisfoundmostsignificantlyamongtheyoungandmiddleagedpeople.建议：Peopleshouldbeencouragedtoparticipatemoreactivelyincharity.Theycouldbesuggestedtodonatefood,clothesetc.iftheyhavelessmoneyinpossession.,.,LanguageExpression:百分比,1.XaccountsforxxpercentofY(总数)(也可用takeup)X占Y的百分之xxE.g.Malerespondentsaccountsfor48%ofthetotalrespondents.Femalerespondentstakesup52%ofthetotalrespondents.2.ThepercentageofXamongYisxx%.Y中X的含量是百分之xxE.g.Thepercentageofthe18-25-year-oldgroupdonatingmoneytocharityis15%in1990.3.ThenumberofXis,accountingforxxpercentofY.X值为，占Y的百分之xxThenumberofsmokersis10million,accountingfor6.2%oftheentirepopulation.,.,比较,Onthetopofthelistis,whichaccountsfor60%of.占比重最高的是，占60%。2.Atthebottomis,whichaccountsfor10%of.占比重最低的是，占10%。3.Aisranked/ratedfirst,accountingfor60%of.ItisfollowedbyBat30%andCat25%.A占最高比重，占的60%。紧随其后的是占30%的B和占25%的C。,.,变化趋势-上升/增长、下降/减少,1.Thenumberofincreased/rose+suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/substantially/considerably/sharply/steeplyfrom1900to2000.在1900到2000间，的数量有了急剧的增长。2.Therewasasudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steepincrease/riseinthenumberoffrom1990to2000.在1990到2000间，的数量有了急剧的增长。3.Thenumberofincreased/rosesteadily/gradually/slowly/slightlyfrom1990to2000.在1990到2000间，的数量在持续稳定的增长。4.Therewasasteady/gradual/slow/slightincrease/riseinthenumberoffrom1990to2000.在1990到2000间，的数量在持续稳定的增长。5.decrease/fall/drop;adecrease/drop/reduction/declineinthenumberof（可替换上述表明增长的词）,.,变化趋势-达到顶点,1.Thesituation/figuresreached/hitapeak/ahighat60%in.2.Thesituation/figurespeakedat60%in.情况(数据)在达到顶点，为60%。3.Thesituation/figuresbottomedoutat20%in.Thesituation/figureshitatroughat20%in.情况(数据)在达到最低点，为20%。,.,图表作文概况,图表作文要求对图表相关的信息进行归纳，对其重点和主要趋势进行汇报。图表主要有四种(图例见P11-12)（1）linegraph线型图-描述某事物的发展变化（2）piechart饼图-描述一个总体的不同部分的比例（3）barchart柱状图-用来比较两个以上数据的值（4）table表格-用一行/多行单元格中的文本和数字展示数据的方式。图表作文注意事项：（1）时态一致（根据图表描述的事物的时间确定时态，无特定时间的用一般现在时）（2）采用正式书面文体（避免Letslookat,Letmeshowyou,Itshowsus之类带有口语性质的描述（3）客观描述图表，逻辑条理清晰，不增加个人主观猜想,.,LineGraph,PieChart,.,BarChart,PieChart,.,图表作文结构分成两大类:描述类和描述+分析建议类,1.题目只要求描述图表类（见P6）（1）开头：概述图表的主题思想和总体特点（2句左右）（2）正文：用文字有条理地客观描述图表传递的信息，并找出某种规律。（可以分成两三段）（3）结尾：总结图表的主要规律（1-2句）2.题目要求描述并分和提建议的(见P7)（1）开头：概述图表主题思想，描述数据的总体特点并用数据支持，根据题目要求提出个人观点（3-4句）（2）正文：对个人观点进行论述（3）结论：总结、提建议或方案（2句）,.,纯描述类图表作文(此文字数不足，如果是纯描述类作文，图表应该比这个复杂，比如会有两条线，此文只用来展示作文结构),(1)Asisindicatedinthelinegraph,thenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncityfluctuatedduringtheyearof1990.(2)Thefirsttwomonthsof1990showedanincreasingtrend.Therateroseto32inMarchbutfellto26inJune.FromJuneon,theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclineremarkably,andeventuallydroppedtothelowestpoint16attheendoftheyear.Therefore,itisobviousthatthefirsteightmonthsof1990witnessedafluctuatedincreaseincaraccidentsinWaltonanditwasfollowedbyatrendofdeclineincaraccidentsinthelastfourmonthsoftheyear.,主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势,.,图表描述+分析建议类作文,(1)Accordingtothelinegraph,thenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncityfluctuatedduringtheyearof1990.(2)FromJanuarytoMarchof1990,thecaraccidentsincreasedfrom22to32butfellto26inJune.FromJuneon,theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclineremarkably,andeventuallydroppedtothelowestpoint16attheendoftheyear.Therefore,itisobviousthatthatthenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncitydeclinedin1990.Thereareseveralreasonsforthedecline.First,anewtrafficlawwasmadeandcameintoforce.ItprovidedAugust,whenhumidityandhightemperaturemakedriversimpatientandeasilyleadtocaraccidents,droppedsteadily.Second,newroadswerebuiltandsomenarrowstreetswerewidened,whichquickenedtheflowoftraffic.Finally,thecityadministrationmadegreateffortstoheightenpeoplesawarenessofobservingtrafficrules.Withallthesenewmeasures,ImsuretherateofcaraccidentsinWaltoncitywillgoonfallingthisyear.主题句原因/措施一解释措施一/次要辅助采取措施一后的结果原因/措施二原因/措施三(这部分的原因是根据材料内容结合数据趋势分析出来的)总结：展望未来的情况,.,如何开头：概述图表主题思想和总体特点,主题思想：根据图表的标题和题干中的背景信息，改写出这样一句话：这个图表描述了时间内在地区对象的方面的信息。例如：(1)Thetablebelowshowssocialandeconomicindicatorsoffourcountriesin1994,accordingtoUnitedNationsstatistics.(2)Thegiventableprovidesanoverviewofsocialandeconomicconditionsfromdifferentaspectsinfourcountries,namely,Canada,Japan,PeruandZaireintheyear1994.(3)Thegiventableprovidestheinformationofsocialandeconomicconditionsinfourcountriesintheyear1994.(4)ThepiechartdescribesthedistributionofpopulationinBeijingintheyear2016.这个图表：Thetable/piechart/barchart/linegraph/barchart/illustration/diagram描述：show,describe,offeranoverview,present,compare（对比）,indicate信息：宽泛的：information，data，figures；具体的：percentage，distribution，proportion,.,如何开头：概述图表主题思想和总体特点,2.概述图表的总体特点:动词+幅度sth.experiencea名词therewasa+幅度+名词动词：变化，波动：Tochange,fluctuate(波动)增加，上涨：Toincrease,climb,rise降低，减少：Todecrease,drop,decline平稳，不变：Toremainunchanged,stable;toleveloff幅度：大幅-wildly剧烈,sharply急剧，greatly，大幅小幅-slightly轻微,slowly缓慢，gradually逐渐，steadily稳步，,.,开头主题思想的常用句型,Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat由表格我们可以看出Thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberofovertheperiodfromto该表格展示了从到数据的变化Thetableprovidessomedataof该表格提供了有关的数据Ascanbeseenclearlyfromthetable,从表格中我们可以清楚地看出，Asisindicatedinthegraph正如图形所示Asisshowninthechart正如图表显示的Asisillustrated/presentedinthediagram正如图表显示,.,正文：抓住规律和重点，描述趋势（参见冲击波英语专业4级全新改革题型写作P77-87）,折线图（通常横轴是时间）：找最低点，最高点，找波动，上升，下降，平稳等趋势饼图：如果分块少于5块，可以按照从大到小的顺序依次说，如果分块大于5块，可以按照大、中，小、其他来介绍。如果有比例差不多的，或比例相差特别悬殊的情况，可以提一下。柱状图：比较相同、差异(1)如果横轴有明显的时间推移的话，应连接柱子顶点，重在描述柱子的升降起伏，写法类似于线状图。(2)如果无时间推移，则写法和饼状图一样。即按照各比较对象所占比例的高低写，同时要注意各所占比例之间的比较。4.表格：最多、最少，总体变化趋势等,.,描述增减变化常用的句型,Comparedwith,isstillincreasedbyThenumberofgrew/rosefromtoAnincreaseisshownin;thencameasharpincreaseofInthenumberremainsthesame/dropstoTherewasaveryslight(small/slow/gradual)rise/increasein1990.Therewasaverysteady(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic)drop(decrease/decline/fall/reduction)in1998/comparedwiththatofyear),.,结尾：,ItisclearthatItisobviousthatInshortInconclusion.,.,备考建议,看范文，熟悉各种图表的图例、横轴纵轴的意义，熟悉书面语表达形式学习数据、百分比、比较级、最高级的一些相关表达法中间正文部分一定要注意逻辑顺序和条理雅思的小作文是图表题，可以看看雅思范文。,.,三根以上柱形且多种趋势：应对这样的柱形图，我们可以先描写最长的那根柱的数据，也可以将最长的2根柱的数据放在一起描写。以下我们就来看一个例子：,范文：ThemainusersoftheInternetinTaiwanareyoungadultsbetween16and30yearsold.In1998,theyaccountedformorethanhalfofallusers.In1999thenumberdroppedslightlyto45%,butevenin2000theywerethebiggestgroup.Thesecondbiggestgroupofusersisagedbetween31and50.Theymadeup41%in1998,fallingslightlyto37%in2000.Whencombinedwiththe16-30agegroup,over94%ofusersin1998werebetween16and50.Howeverthisnumberisdroppingsteadilyasmorechildrenandolderuserslogon.In1999,thenumberofchildrenonlinequadrupledfrom2%to8%,anditcontinuedtoincreasein2000.Thereweresimilarincreasesforolderusers,risingfrom4%in1998to10%in2000.Insummary,whileadultsbetween16and50stillrepresentthegreatmajorityofInternetusersinTaiwan,theirshareisdecliningasmorechildrenandolderusersjointheweb.,题干：ThegraphshowsInternetUsageinTaiwanbyAgeGroup,1998-2000.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.ThegraphshowschangesintheageprofileofInternetusersinTaiwanbetween1998and2000.,.,横轴为地点，交通工具等其他专有名词：遇到这样的情况，不管柱形有几根，建议都可以按照长度从长写到短，也可以先以描述总体趋势作为突破口，如以下这个图：Thegraphaboveshowinformationofemploymentratesacross6countriesin1995and2005.Summarizetheinformationbychoosinganddescribethemainidea,andmakecomparisonswhereappropriate.,Thegraphshowschangesinemploymentratesinsixcountriesbetween1995and2005,formenandwomen.Overallmoreandmorepeopleofworkingageareemployed,andtherehavebeensignificantimprovementsforwomen,althoughtheylegbehindmeninenteringtheworkforce.Themostobvioustrendinthegraphisthatwomenhaveloweremploymentratesinmostofthecountriesinthegraph.Forexample,inAustraliain1995,57percentofmencouldfindworkorretainajob,butonly27percentofwomen.ThedifferencewasevenbiggerinNewZealand,with60percentofwomen.EveninSwitzerlandandIceland,slightlymorementhanwomenwereinthejobmarket.Thesecondbiggesttrendinthegraphistheimprovementinemploymentbetween1995and2005.Inallcountriesshown,figuresforbothmenandwomenimproved.ThebiggestchangewasintheUnitedKingdom,from55percentofmenin1995to73percentoverthetenyearsperiod.Furthermore,theincreasesinemploymentratesforwomenweremuchhigherinNewZealand.Thepercentageofworkingwomenjumpedfrom25percentto42percent,andintheUnitedStatesfrom45percentto61percentoverthedecade.Inconclusion,allthecountriesinthegraphshowedatleasta12percentincreaseinemploymentratesofbothmenandwomenoverthetenyeares.Whilemenhadrelativelyhigheremploymentratethroughouttheperiod,moreandmorewomenappeartobeenteringthelabourmarket.,.,饼图范文：,