希腊神话 英文

,西语5班任雯烁,ByEdison,TheGreekMythology,“GreeceiseveryWesternmanssecondnature.”,GreekMythologyisagroupoftraditionaltalestoldbytheancientGreeksaboutthedeedsofgods,heroesandtheirrelationswithhumanbeings.希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和普通人类之间的关系。TheGreekmythologyisanimportantpartoftheancientculturewhichhasvastanddeepinfluenceonthewholewesternculture.希腊神话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧密的联系。ItsgreatinfluenceupontheEnglishlanguageandliteratureisbeyonddescription.AgreatnumberofwordsandidiomsintheEnglishlaguagecomefromtheGreekmythology.它在英语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语中的很多单词和语言表达方式都是来自希腊神话。,Inthebeginning,theuniverseisacosmosevolvingfromChaos.ChaosandGaea(theearth)generateeverythingthatexists,includingseas,mountains,godsandmonsters.ThenGaeasmatingwithhersonUranus（thesky),whichproduces12TitanswithGronusastheirleader.宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即“混沌”)。卡俄斯和盖亚创造了大海、大山、神还有妖怪，并赋予他们生命。后来盖亚与她的儿子乌拉诺斯结婚，由此产生了以克罗诺斯为首的12泰坦。,Theeternalmythology,TheOlympianGodsbetweenMacedonandThessalyofeasternGreecetherestoodahighmountain.itscloudytoprushedintotheveryheavens.onthetopofthemountain，thehomeofthegodswasbathedinbrightness.传说，风中有个遥远的国度，在马其顿和希腊东部的色萨利之间矗立着一座神圣高山，大雾弥漫的山顶直插云霄。仙境般山顶上，众神们的乐园沐浴在神圣光辉之中，时间在这里静止，世上万物都听从这里的指命。,Advisedbyhismother,GrounsbeatsUranus,seversthelinkbetweenskyandearth,andbecomesthenewkingofthecosmos.Gronuscopulateswithhissister,RheatobringaboutZeusandsiblings,thefutureofolderOlympians.克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。,Advisedbyhismother,GrounsbeatsUranus,seversthelinkbetweenskyandearth,andbecomesthenewkingofthecosmos.Gronuscopulateswithhissister,RheatobringaboutZeusandsiblings,thefutureofolderOlympians.克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。,TheancientGreeksworshipedmanygods.Greekgodscanbedividedintoseveralgroups.TheearliestgroupwasTitans,ledbyCronus.ThemostpowerfulgroupwastheOlympians.TheOlympiansareagroupofgodswhoruledaftertheoverthrowoftheTitans.AlltheOlympiansarerelatedinsomeway.Theyarenamedaftertheirdwelling（住宅,住所）placeMountOlympus.,古希腊崇拜很多神,古希腊的神被分为几组,最古老一组的被称为泰坦,由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由个神组成，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯山。,theTitans（十二泰坦）,Cronus(克罗诺斯):天空之神。Rhea(瑞亚):时光女神。Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯):水之神。Tethys(泰西斯):沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。Crius(克瑞斯):生长之神。Lapetus(伊阿佩托斯):灵魂之神。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(福柏):月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus(科俄斯):智力之神。Themis(忒弥斯):秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母。Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅):记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母。Hyperion(许配利翁):光之神Thea(忒亚):许配利翁之妻。,theGods（十二主神）,Zeus(宙斯):thegodofthesky.Hera(赫拉):thegoddessofmarriageandchildbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬):thegodofthesea,protector.Hades(哈迪斯):thegodthedeadandwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚):thegoddessoftheHearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯):thegodofwar.Hermes(赫尔墨斯):thegodofthievesandcommerce.Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯):thegodoffireandtheforge(熔炉).Apollo(阿波罗):thegodoflight.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯):thegoddessofchastity,virginity,thehunt,themoon,andthenaturalenvironment.Athena(雅典娜):theGreekvirgingoddessofreason,intelligentactivity,artsandliterature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德):thegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty.,Allthechiefgodsmentionedabovetookhumanformsofincomparablebeautyandgrace，oftenmovedbyhumanfeelingsanddesires，hehumanworldtheyexperiencedcompetitionsanddifficulties.theyenjoyedearthlyfriendshipsandloves.acrowdofeverlastinggodslookedandactedinaperfectlyhumanfashionthatiswhatallgodsatolympusactuallywere.天神们的美丽与魅力无可匹敌。因常受到凡人情感与愿望的感染，他们不时地勃然大怒，妒嫉别人。他们卷入与人类世界无休止的争斗中。在奥林波斯，他们之间也充满了阴谋与权力之争。在凡人的世界里，他们经历了敌对与挫折。他们珍惜人间的爱与友善。这群长生不老的天神们的外表与行为完全符合人间的方式。,Paintings,Sculpture,cartoon,Zeus(Jupiter)Thekingofthegods,therulerofMountOlympusandthegodofthesky,weather,thunder,law,orderandfate.HeistheyoungestsonofCronusandRhea,whomheoverthrew,andbrother-husbandtoHera.Inartwork,hewasdepictedasaregal（庄严的）,mature（稳重的）manwithasturdy（健壮的）figureanddarkbeard.Hisusualattributesaretheroyalsceptre（王位）andthelightningbolt,andhissacredanimalistheeagle.神话中宙斯威严神圣，却又会怕老婆，公正英明，却又有点小心眼爱记仇，疼惜子女，却又喜欢处处留情，遍地撒种。其人物形象非常生动性格丰满充满人性的矛盾与无奈。,Hera(Juno),Aproudandgreen-eyed（嫉妒的）woman.Queenofmarriage,women,childbirth,heirs,kingsandempires.SheisdaughterofCronusandRhea，Zeusssister.Shewasusuallydepictedasabeautifulwomanwearingacrownandveil(面纱)andholdingaroyal,lotus-tippedstaff（权杖）.Hersacredanimalsaretheheifer（小母牛）,thelion,thepeacock（孔雀）andthecuckoo（杜鹃）.天后的善妒众神皆知，高贵的出身，尊贵的地位，宙斯的今天又都是她一手帮助得来的，让赫拉更加目空一切，骄傲刁蛮，对付情敌的手段更是异常狠辣。,Poseidon(Neptune)wasrulerofthesea.rivers,floods,droughts,earthquakesandhorses;knownasthe“EarthShaker”or“StormBringer”.HeisabrothertoZeusandHades.Inclassicalartworkhewasdepictedasamaturemanofsturdybuildwithadarkbeard,andholdingatrident.（三叉戟）,Apollo(Apollo)wasthegodofthesun,musicandpoetry.HewasthesonofzeusandletletowasdrivenbyherafromlandtolandatlastPoseidontookpityonherandbroughttheislandofdelosoutofwaterforhertoliveon.thereshegavebirthtothetwins，apolloandartemis.阿波罗象征着青春和男子的英俊美丽。金色的头发、庄重的举止、容光焕发的神态，这些足以使他受到世人的青睐。一位名叫Christina的美丽少女迷恋于他的英俊，跪在地上，从黎明到黄昏，日复一日双手伸向太阳神,凝视着那辆金质马车在蔚蓝的天空驰骋。但她的爱并未得到回报，显然高傲王子早已见惯了各种迷恋者，但她对阿波罗的痴情从未改变，目睹这悲哀的场面，众神深受感动，将她变成了一株向日葵=,Artemis(Diana),Apollostwinsister,shewasthegoddessofthemoonandthechase.apollodrovehisgoldencarriage(马车)acrosstheheavensduringtheday，admiredasthesun-god.artemisalsoracedacrosstheskyinsolemnstyleatnight，“thequeenofwideair”gaveoffsilverlightalloverthesleepingworldbelow.sheremainedsingleallherlife，justasapollorepresentsmanlybeauty，soArtemisstandsforfemininepurityandvirginity。她终身未嫁，心灵保持着少女般纯洁，容貌娟秀安祥。她是少女端庄娴雅的楷模。如果说阿波罗代表了男性美，她则象征着贞洁娴静的女性美。作为守护神，她把保护遇难的少女当作自己义不容辞的责任。少女们都来到她的圣坛前祈求爱情与幸福。,Athena(Minerva)wasthegoddessofwisdom,warfare,strategy.ThedaughterofZeusandMetis,shewasbornfromZeussheadfully-formedandarmoured.(全副武装)Shewasdepictedcrownedwithacrestedhelmet(头盔)armedwithshield（盾）andspear（矛）,andwearingthesnake-trimmedaegiscloak（披风）adornedwiththeheadoftheGorgon.Hersymbolsincludetheaegisandtheolivetree(橄榄树).Sheiscommonlyshownaccompaniedbyhersacredanimal,theowl（猫头鹰）.雅典娜大概是大家最熟知的希腊人物之一了，她英明睿智，足智多谋而灵活善战，她是雅典人们鞠躬尽瘁的守护者，身兼天下重任，眸中闪烁智慧光芒，是奥林帕斯最有思想的女神，庄重理性的女强人形象。,Dionysus(Bacchus)wastheGodofwine,partiesandfestivals,madness,drunkennessandpleasure.Hewasdepictedinartasaprettyeffeminate（美丽柔弱的）,long-hairedyouth.Hisattributesincludethethyrsus(酒神杖),drinkingcup,grapevine.hewasthesonofzeusbysemele.whenhismotherwasburnttodeathinthegloryofzeus.hewasstillahelplessinfant（小婴儿）.hisfathertrustedhisupbringingtosomemountainfairymaidens.theytookthegreatestcareofhim.从小就是孤儿的酒神性情乖张，放浪形骸，终年纵情享乐其信徒也因他们的疯狂无序而出名。他们肆无忌惮地狂欢，醉生梦死地喝酒、歌舞，其侍女也因极端野蛮放荡而闻名。但同时他也是希腊哲学中著名享乐主义的来源。,Ares(Mars)wasthegodofwar，sonofzeusandhera，Godofwar,bloodlust,violence,manlycourage,andcivilorder.ThesonofZeusandHera,hewasdepictedaseitheramature,beardedwarriordressedinbattlearms,oranudebeardlessyouthwithhelmandspear.ontheotherhandhesignifiedcourageandvictoryinbattle，andwasdevoutlyworshippedbysoldiersgoingtowar.战神勇猛好强又鲁莽残暴，波塞冬的一个儿子企图诱拐他的女儿，战神非常不悦，毫不留情地就把他干掉了。为了替儿子报仇，波塞冬拉着阿瑞斯到雅典法官面前要求审判战神。审判是在城外的一座小山上开庭的，阿瑞斯叙述了案情，最后被判无罪。从那以后，这座山就称作雅典的最高法院，即“阿瑞斯之山”“thehillofares”；而出审的法官们被称作雅典最高法院的法官。,Aphrodite(Venus)wasthegoddessofloveandbeauty,Zeussdaughter.AlthoughmarriedtoHephaestusshehadmanylovers,mostnotablyAres.ShewasdepictedasabeautifulwomanusuallyaccompaniedbyhersonEros.Hersymbolsincluderose,scallopshellandmyrtlewreath.稳坐神界美貌优雅第一把交椅的维纳斯令无数凡夫俗子，仙人神祗拜倒在石榴裙下，但邂逅了Adonis后，美神也不得不收起傲慢，屈伸以求，她离开奥林帕斯山的华丽宫殿来到山林中与这个美少年整日相伴左右，然而一天，她刚坐上马车回宫，废柴美少年就被一头野猪不幸顶死=。回来后发现恋人尸骨已寒的她悲痛万分的大哭起来，但无法将他从地府再拉回阳间，于是她飞到宙斯处，乞求父亲的怜悯，终与Hades达成协议：Adonis每年可以到阳间和Aphrodite相聚半年，由此每到春天阿多尼斯就回到她身边享受爱的拥抱，但到了冬天他就得不情愿地回到哈得斯那儿。Adonis:美少年；美男子；金盏花n.Adonize:打扮；变美v.,Hephaestus(Vulcan)wasthegodoffire,metalworking,stonemasonryandsculpture.ThesonofHeraandZeus,heisthesmithofthegodsandthehusbandofAphrodite.Hewasusuallydepictedasabeardedlame(瘸的)manholdinghammerandtongs(钳子)thetoolsofasmithandridingadonkey.Hissymbolsarethehammerandtongs.Hissacredanimalsarethedonkey,andthecrane.,Hermes(Mercury)thesonofZeusandMaiatheGodoftravel,messengers,trade,thievery,cunningwiles,athletics,andanimalhusbandry.Heisthemessengerofthegods,apsychopompwholeadsthesoulsofthedeadintoHadessrealm,thegodsequippedhimwithapairofwingedsandals(飞鞋)andwingedcap（飞帽）toenablehimtotravelswifter（快捷）thansight.Hermeswasalsoapatron（守护神）oftravellers.Hermes个性机灵聪颖，活跃敏捷经常斡旋于众神之间难免有点小滑头，相传他一出生就会偷东西，爬出摇篮偷了哥哥阿波罗的牛吃掉了，可见“盗神”之称名不虚传。,Hades(Pluto),KingoftheUnderworldandgodofdeath,thedead,andthehiddenwealthoftheEarth.HisconsortisPersephoneandhisattributesarethekeyofHades,theHelmofDarkness,andthethree-headeddog,Cerberus.Thescreechowlwassacredtohim.DespitebeingthesonofCronusandRheaandtheelderbrotherofZeus,heisonlyrarelylistedamongtheOlympians.冥王哈德斯个性冷漠阴郁，一直备受宙斯打压，作为辈分最长之一，宙斯的兄弟却在神山连一席之位都没有，诸神之战后宙斯几乎夺走了一切战利品，他唯一一次牵动感情就是爱上了姐姐农业女神Demeter的爱女Persephone并掳走她娶为冥后，不过Demeter护崽心切，荒废万物农事誓把女儿夺回来，最终宙斯斡旋，决定三九开，于是可怜的Hades连自己的唯一的王后一年里也只有三个月能见到面。,水星Mercury,火星Mars,地球earth,金星Venus,土星Saturn,木星Jupiter,天王星Uranus,海王星Neptune,冥王星Pluto,Prometheusmanagedtostealfirefromheavenandsecretlybroughtitdowntomen.flyingintoanangeratthisunjustifiedactofrebellion，ZeuslettheothergodschainPrometheustoarockonmountain，whereahungryeagleevertoreathisliverwhichevergrewagain.hisperiodofpainwastobethirty-thousandyears.,Icarusisthesonofthemastercraftsman(工匠)Daedalus.ThestorytoldaboutIcarusishisattempttoescapefromCretebymeansofwingsthathisfatherconstructedfromfeathersandwax（蜡）.Heignoredinstructionsnottoflytooclosetothesun,andthemeltingwaxcausedhimtofalltohisdeath.,今天“icarian”成了意指冒险的；不切实际的。不过对于Icarus渴望征服未知，挑战极限的梦想与勇气我们仍有学习的价值。,喜欢恶作剧的爱神Cupid用