动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

Grammar,动词-ing形式作主语和宾语,1.动词-ing形式是在动词末尾加-ing，属于非谓语动词。如：do-doing,write-writing,sit-sitting,etc.否定形式：not+v-ing构成2.动词-ing形式作主语或宾语时，也可称为动名词。,1A.Listeningtomusicisoneofmyfavoritehobbies.B.Asweallknow,smokingdoesharmtooneshealth.,动词-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为。,动词-ing形式作主语谓语动词用单数。如：Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.,2A.Itsnousetalkingtohim;hewontchangehismind.B.Itissimplyawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatterswithhim.,在句型Its+nogood(nouse,useless,awasteoftime,nice.)+doingsth.中，it是形式主语，后面的动词-ing（短语）作真正的主语。,1Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?2Itsnogoodwaitinghere.Letsgohome.3Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.,3A.Joansuggestedaskingherfatherforhisopinion.B.WeareconsideringflyingtoEgyptforthecomingholiday.,我们可以归纳总结出动词-ing形式作宾语的用法特征：有些动词后常跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如第三组例句中的suggest和consider。常见的这类动词还有：,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成想要赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。,consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,forgiveadmit,delay/putoff/postpone,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practicedeny,finish,feellike,enjoy/appreciatecanthelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine,2.有些短语如canthelp,beusedto,endup,feellike,leadto,bebusy,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,keepon,insiston,begoodat,giveup等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：Imfondofcollectingstampsandcoins.,4A.Hemadeapoorlivingbysellingnewspapersonthetrain.B.Themanleftthepartywithoutsayinggoodbyetothehost.,动词-ing形式还可作介词的宾语,5“Thereis+no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法”。如：Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很难说。,注意动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如：,ImannoyedaboutJohnsforgettingtopay.,2.动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：Notcleaningherteethmadehersmellbad.Yourschoolmatesnotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.,需要注意的问题：,以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语：decide,hope,expect,seem,agree,afford,arrange,choose,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：,三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝,设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。,hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose,想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。,want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start,以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式又可以接动词的ing作宾语：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start,既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:,双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。,begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue.remember,forget,try,mean,stop,reget,用形容词性物主代词/名词所有格做v-ing的逻辑主语，主语：sbs+Ving表示某人的某个行为，状况等Yourschoolmatesnotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.Itsawasteoftimeyourtalkingtohim.宾语：Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?,注意：sbs+Ving,我姐姐病了，使我很担心