中科院博士入学考试英语阅读技巧.ppt

中科院博士入学考试英语阅读技巧,1句子中的标点符号的作用,句号：用来分割句子。逗号：两个逗号之间或一个逗号之后，是一个补充说明成分，可以先不看。,句子中的标点符号的作用,冒号：冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步具体说明前面的内容。Shecametohatetheendlesschoresthatswallowedhertime:washingdishes,makingbeds,scrubbingfloors.冒号可以表示各种逻辑上的关系，如：Iwenttobedearly:thelongjourneyhadtiredme.(表示因果)Columbusdiscoveredastringofislands:hedidnotdiscovertheAmericanContinent.(表示反意),句子中的标点符号的作用,分号：分号前后是并列关系。包括结构上并列和语义上并列两种。SixtyyearsagoMelvillewasalmostforgotten;todayheisregardedasoneofAmericansgreatauthors.ProfessorYewillhavetocopewithaveryheavyworkload;shehasbeeninvitedtolectureatquiteanumberofuniversitiesintheU.S.Onemomenthewasfriendly,evenwarm;thenexthewascoldlyindifferent.,句子中的标点符号的作用,破折号：两个破折号之间或一个破折号之后，是补充说明成分，可以先不看。MarycomeseveryweekonTuesdaystohelpwiththelaundry.(作用与括号相似)TheygavehimanewcameraforChristmasandafilmtogowithit.(表示附加补充)Heboughtahousejustoutsidethetownamagnificentbuilding.(解释前文)Infutureprose,twofieldsarecertainlysuretofindcultivationthefieldoftheessayandthefieldofthesketch.(相当于冒号的作用),句子中的标点符号的作用,引号：一种是引用别人观点，其作用要么是作为支持的观点，要么作为批判的对象；另一种是说反话，表示反语。,句子中的标点符号的作用,括号：括号内的内容起补充说明或解释词义的作用。ThedaybeforeoneofmymidtermhistoryexamsIstillhadntfoundtimetoreadthefirstbookonthereadinglist.(That,ofcourse,isaverycommondiseaseatHarvard.)（附加，补充）,2长难句解析方法,1).长难句包括简单句和复合句，复合句的每一个句子的核心部分是主语和谓语，而每一个复合句的核心是主句。认识复合句首先要把握好从句间的关系，而表现这些关系要依靠连接词that,although,sothat,before等具有语法功能的词。常见的长难句种的基本语法结构：形式主语或宾语强调结构非限定性定语从句同位语从句倒装结构虚拟语气Ifyouwere/hadcomehereyesterday,youwouldhaveseenthatfamousprofessor.作者用虚拟语气一般表示建议、态度和观点。省略,2长难句解析方法,2).具体分为如下4步：第一步、确定句子有几个洋葱（一个完整的句子为一个洋葱，有时一个句号却有好几个完整的句子）。第二步、给句子剥皮。每构成一个独立的语法就构成一成皮。第三步、把每层皮翻译成中文第四步、把很多简单的中文句子组合成中文长句(三四步为翻译步骤）,长难句解析方法,She，whoishermothersdaughter，isagirlofbeautywhichisenviedbyLilywhoseuglinessissofamousinNewYorkwheretherearesomanypoorswhohavealotofchildrenforbiddentogotoschoolinwhichtheycanstudyhowtoliveinthetediousworld，whichweallknow.,3.常见关键词,以下是部分具有导向作用的关键词，请予与特别关注：指示重点：Theprincipaladvantage/disadvantage/objectionTheproblem/task/hypothesis/pointTheresultsindicate/show/proveThecrucialfacts/effects/difficulties/outcomesNotethatDontoverlookOfimportanceis,常见关键词,表示作者态度：myopinionis,Ibelieve/think/suggest/support/agree/disagree/arguerfortunately,unfortunately,wisely,happily表示概括、总结：letmesummarize,tosumup,toconclude,onthewhole,inshort,inconclusion,4.九大题型解题思路详解,1细节事实题：标志：题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息针对文章中的一句或几句发问题干和选项之间是因果关系做题的关键在于：返回原文根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文根据出题顺序返回原文（60的准度）根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70的准度）找原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。,细节事实题,迷惑人的手段：单词替换颠倒因果扩大范围常识判断(4)常见试题：Whichofthefollowingistrueabout?Whatoccurredastoldatthebeginningofthepassage?Whatcanwelearnabout?Accordingtothepassage,JonVenablesandRobertThompson,细节事实题,Relaxingisnteasy.IknowIhavetriedit.Icansee,therefore,whyJapansgovernmentshouldwantcorporationstohavefull-time“leisureadvisers.”Itseemsanideaworthcopying.Astartshould,perhaps,bemadeattheverytop.Captainofindustryoftenfindithardestofalltorelax.Somebuyaluxuriousyacht,abeachhouse,orevenanisland,butseldommakeuseoftheseexpensiveleisurefacilities.“Idonthavetimeforaholiday,“theyinsist.Whattheyusuallymeanisthattheycouldfindthetime,ifpressed,butthattheydontwantto.Moreoftenthannottheplaintruthisthattheydontknowhowtoeaseup.Noonehasevertoldthemhowtodoit.(1999.3),细节事实题,Topexecutivesoftenfinditdifficulttotaketimeoffbecause_.A.itwouldcausethemfinancialproblemsB.theyneedtoprotecttheirjobsC.theyhaveneverreallylearnthowtorelaxD.theysimplydonthavethetime,细节事实题,2.Sowhatcana“leisureadviser”doforhimor,increasingly,her?Thebasictaskistochangeattitudes,andgraduallytointroducehimtovariousleisureactivities.Agoodstartistopersuadehimthatholidaysarea“psychologicalinvestment”,andthatitisperfectlyfeasibletocombinebusinesswithpleasure.(1999.3),细节事实题,Themainroleofaleisureadviseristo_.A.teachanexecutiveanewleisureactivityB.giveanexecutiveafullmedicalcheck-upC.helpanexecutivealterhisapproachtolifeD.organizeaholidayforanexecutive,细节事实题,3.Thenew100-pageanalysisreviewsandsynthesizesthefindingsofahostofpublishedstudiesandfieldtrialsonriceproductionandassociatedpesticide-relatedhealtheffects.IRRIsreportindicatesthatbothfarmersandtherice-researchcommunityexaggeratethethreatthatricepestspose-whilelargelyignoringthecosts,bothtohealthandthepocketbook,ofpesticideapplication.,细节事实题,Ricefarmersinthephilippines_A.selectwhichpesticidetousebasedonthetypeofinsecttheyfindB.collectnaturalpredatorsofriceeatinginsectsC.overestimatetheimportanceofpest-resistantcultivarsD.seemtobetotallydependentonusingpesticideswithoutknowingwhateverthecost.,细节事实题,4.TheSolarDecathlonisunderway,andteamsofstudentsfrom14collegesanduniversitiesarebuildingsolar-poweredhomesontheNationalMallinWashingtonDCinanefforttopromotethisalternativeenergysource.ThisweekjudgesinthisDepartmentofEnergy(DOE)sponsoredeventwillevaluatethesehomesanddeclareonethewinner.Unfortunately,fortheparticipants,itrainedontheSept26thopeningceremonies,andtheskiesovertheWashingtonhaveremainedmostlyovercastsince.However,theconditionsmayhavemadeforamorerevealingdemonstrationofsolarenergythanwasoriginallyplanned.(2004.3),细节事实题,Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheweather?A.ItisrareforWashingtonDCtohavesuchlongrainydays.B.IthasbeenrainingsinceSept26thforthemostofthetime.C.Itisfavorabletothemanufacturerstopromotesolarequipment.D.Ithashelpedseethedisadvantagesofsolarenergy.,细节事实题,5.Ironically,Baronslatestbook,“AlphabettoEmail:HowWrittenEnglishEvolvedandWhereItsHeading,”becameavictimofsloppyproofreading.Thebookstitleiscapitalizeddifferentlyonthecover,spineandtitlepage.“Peopleusedtolosetheirjobsoverthis,”shesaid.“Andnowtheyjustsaywhatever.”(2004.3),细节事实题,WhathappenedtoBaronslatestbook?A.Itwaspoorlyedited.B.Itfailedtocomeout.C.Itwasrenamed“Whatever.”D.Itcausedhertoloseherjob.,细节事实题,6.EspeciallyintheUnitedStates,butperhapsovermuchoftheworld,fewpeopletodaytravelbytrain.Therearegenerationsgrowingupwhichhaveneverheardthatsirencall.Thisisthemomentofthehomogenizationoftheworld,whenthediversitiesofsocietiesareeroding,whenaglobalcivilzationisemerging.TherearenoexoticplacesleftonEarthtodreamabout.Andforthisreasonthereremainsanevengreaterandmorepoignantneedtodayforavehicle,adevice,togetussomewhereelse.Notallofus;onlyafewtothedesertsoftheMoon,theancientseacoastsofMars,theforestsofthesky.Thereissomethingcomfortingintheideathatonedayafewrepresentativesofourlittleterrestrialvillagemightventuretothegreatgalacticcities.,细节事实题,question:Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldscientistsfeelliketryingtoachievewhenaglobalcivilizationisemerging?Exploringthelastexoticplaceonearth.Constructingsupersonicaircraft.Visitingotherplanetsinouterspace.Establishingfreeexchangeofthoughtsamongnations.,2例证题,标志：caseexampleillustrationdemonstrationexemplifydemonstrateillustrate做题的关键在于：是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子做题的步骤：首先返回原文定位该例子然后80向上、20向下搜索该例子支持的论点（不能贸然直接去分析例子然后自己主观推测结论）注意举例的目的是为了支持论点或观点，从例证周围找出最有可能的论点,在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个才是正确答案例证题错误选项的特征是：就事论事。（即把例证中的具体内容调出来供选）,例证题,(4)划清“事实”与“观点”之间的界限事实：指的是对具体事例的陈述，即“发生过什么”。如：LovecrafthasoftenbeencomparedtoEdgarAllanPoe.PoehadtoleavetheUniversityofVirginiabecausehecouldntpayhisdebts.观点：指的是作者的主观的想法，带有评判和议论的性质，一般透露出“赞同”或“不赞同”的口吻。“观点”常常以某些情态动词为标志，或者以带有感情色彩的形容词或副词为标志。如：EdgarAllanPoeisthegreatestwriterofhorrorstoriesintheworld.EdgarAllanPoeshouldnothavedrunksomuch.LovecraftsstoriesarefarmorehorriblethanthoseofEdgarAllanPoe.,例证题,1.Thisweekmarksthe10thanniversaryoftheAlarapplescare,inwhichmanyAmericanconsumersweredrivenintoapanicfollowingthereleaseofareportbyanenvironmentalorganizationclaimingthatapplescontainingthechemicalAlarposedaserioushealththreattopreschoolers.ThereportwasdisseminatedthroughaPR(problemreport)campaignandbypassedanylegitimateformofscientificpeerreview.IntroducedtotheAmericanpublicbyCBS“60Minutes,”theunsubstantiatedclaimsinthereportledsomeschooldistrictstoremoveapplesfromtheirschoollunchprogramsandundulyfrightenedconscientiousparentstryingtodevelopgoodeatinghabitsfortheirchildren.,例证题,Question:IntheAlarapplescare,manyAmericanswerefrightenedbecause_scientistswarnedthatapplesweredangerous.manyschoolchildrenbecameillaftereatingapples.itwasreportedthatappleswereharmfultohealth.appleswerediscoveredtohavetoomuchpesticide.,例证题,2.Theveryfactthat60percentofcountiesweregivenan“F”seemstobealarmist.Thisisparticularlytruegiventhatsmoglevelshavebeentrendingdownwardforseveraldecades.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)statistics,ozone,theprimaryconstituentofsmog,hasdeclinedbyapproximately30percentsincethe1970s.Andrecentgainsindicatethattheprogresswilllikelycontinue,evenwithoutthewaveofnewregulationsALAisnowdemanding.(2004.3),例证题,BycitingfiguresfromtheEPA,theauthorseemstocontendthat_.A.theregulationsaboutsmoghaveprovedeffectiveB.newregulationsarenecessarytodealwithsmogC.smogproblemshaveactuallybecomelessseriousD.thefederalsmogstandardhasbeenratherlow,3词汇题,常见试题（Thephrase“”inthecontextmeans.Theword“”isclosestinmeaningto_.Asthecontextshows,aplacebois_.）标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思做题的关键在于：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文如果该单词认识，并不超出大纲，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义做题的方法：可以使用两种方法从上下文进行推理：,针对性解释,一针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。,针对性解释,1根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.定义句的谓语动词多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,signify,constitute等。,针对性解释,2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。,针对性解释,同位语Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreelectriccharge,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,sayi.e.等副词或短语出现。,针对性解释,定语从句KrabacbersuffersfromSAD,whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder,asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.根据生词SAD后面定语从句whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder和同位语asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings,我们可以推断出SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。,针对性解释,根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。,二内在逻辑关系,根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。,内在逻辑关系,1根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语incontrast，（相对照的，相对比的）可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humbleandmodest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast和while引导的并列句等。,内在逻辑关系,Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义，“熟练的”。,内在逻辑关系,2根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例如：Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语lovestotalk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，justas，also等。,内在逻辑关系,3根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如：Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描书“许多示威者”，我们便可推知elbow的词意“挤，挤过”。,内在逻辑关系,4根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。例如：Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity,Mr.Trittwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使.陷入危险，危及、危害”。,内在逻辑关系,Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.句中detrimental四个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。,三外部相关因素,外部相关因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：,外部相关因素,Husband：it“sreallycoldouttonight.Wife:Sureitis.Myhandsarepracticallynumb.Howaboutlightingthefurnace?根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。,四构词法,在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些技巧，我们还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。,构词法,1根据前缀猜测词义例如：Hefellintoaditchandlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.根据词根conscious（清醒的，有意识的），结合前缀semi（半，部分的，不完全的），我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。Imilliterateaboutsuchthings.词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。,构词法,2根据后缀猜测词义例如：Insecticideisappliedwhereitisneeded.后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect（昆虫），不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。Thenthevapormaychangeintodroplets.后缀let表示“小的”，词根drop指“滴，滴状物”。将两个意思结合起来，便可推断出droplet词义“小滴，微滴”。,构词法,3根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyaslowdowninoiloutput.Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high（高的，强的）和light（光线）两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。BullfightisverypopularinSpain.Bull（公牛）和fight（打，搏斗）结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动-斗牛。,词汇题,Lipids,orfats,canbemeasuredinlaboratory.Models,orsmallerrepresentationsoffull-sizeobjects,areplacedinthewindtunnels.Ourunclewasanomad,andincurablewandererwhocouldneverstayinoneplace.Superlightbeams,calledlasers,havemanymedicaluses.,词汇题,C.标志3：破折号或破折号与thatis连用ShesaysthatwhiletheBushAdministrationrejectedtheKyotoProtocoltheinternationalagreementonclimatechangesupportforsuchinitiativesisgrowingonCapitolHill.D.标志4：冒号：或冒号加引号Pamplacedtheflowersonhergrandfathersgrave,thensteppedbacktoreadthesimpleepitaphontheheadstone:“InlovingmemoryofJohnGray:husband,father,soldier.”,词汇题,Inphotosynthesisthechloroplastsinplantschangedioxideandwaterintocarbohydrates.,词汇题,FriendsandfamilyareimportanttoJared,sohemakesapointofkeepingintouchwithkithandkinevenwhenhisschedulegetshectic.,词汇题,WhiletheauntlovedMarydeeply,sheabsolutelydespisedhistwinbrotherSmarty.IthoughtChadwouldgivemeastraightforwardaccountofevents,butinsteadheobfuscatedthefactswithevasive,misleadinganswers.,词汇题,Exerciseofguessingthemeaningoftheword:Whentheyrealizedhowmuchmoneyandworkabig,formalweddingwouldrequire,BethandMikejettisonedtheideaandplannedasmall,quietceremonyinstead.a.reviewedb.requestedc.abandonedd.accepted,词汇题,UncleEdwardrefusestotradeinhisbelovedflivverforanewercareventhoughhecouldeasilyaffordtodoso.A.carb.housec.wifed.jobProfessorRukhincomplimentedJimonpresentingacogentanalysisandclear,compellingargumentsinhistermpaper.a.convincingb.unnecessaryc.uncleard.misleading,词汇题,Viewedfromabove,thestreamsvermicularcourseundulatedacrossthelandscape,windingandtwistinglikealivingthing.zigzagb.broadc.shortd.straightJackSpratcouldeatnofat,hiswifecouldeatnolean;andsobetwixtthetwoofthem,theylickedtheplatterclean.a.behindb.beneathc.betweend.before,词汇题,Eachsummer,countlesscollegestudentssetasidetheirbooksandturntomorebanausictasks,suchaswaitingtables,erestingb.enjoyablec.theoreticald.practicalDefendinghisuseoftheRuleschairmanshiptoblockcivil-rightsandotherliberallegislation,Smithexplainedthat“yougraspanysnickersneeyoucangetholdofandfightthebestwayyoucan.”a.swordb.flowerc.moneyd.book,词汇题,Foreverfascinatedbytheartandscienceofpugilism,ShanecollectedbiographiesofnotedboxerssuchasMuhammadAli,JackDempseyandSonnyListon.a.paintingb.boxingc.literatured.journalism,词汇题,The“human”alternativetospanking,thetimeout,hasgainedpopularityoverthelastdecadeasaquickmethodtocooloffawaywardchild.(99.3)A“wayward”childisachildwho_A.iswell-disciplinedb.tendstodisobeyC.behavesquietlyd.isofteninpoorhealth,词汇题,ALAiscorrectthatsomeareasstilloccasionallyexceedthefederalstandardforozone,butsuchspikesarefarlessfrequentthaninthepast.EvenLosAngeles,theundisputedsmogcapitalofAmerica,hascleanedupitsactconsiderably.LosAngeles,whichexceededfederalsmogstandardsfor154daysin1989,hashad75percentfewersuchspikesinrecentyears.(04.3),词汇题,.InParagraph3,theword“spikes”(inboldface)probablyrefersto_.A.theincreasesabovethesmogstandardB.theirregularreadingsaboutairqualityinsomeareasC.theoccurrencesofsmoginLosAngelesD.thecurrentstandardsdemandedbyALA,4句子理解题(长句理解),标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理解其涵义做此类题目时重要的并不是上下文，而是句子本身正确答案与原句之间是一种同义关系，其中没有任何推理过程,句子理解题,1.Wecannotappreciatewhatismeantbyaspacewhichhasnoboundary，anditisequallyhopelesstotrytoimagineaspacewhichgoesonforever.2.EngineeredtomeetCaliforniastateseismicrequirements，thehousesareconstructedof14inchwalls，usingtheearthfromthesitemixedwith7percentcementasabindingforce.3.Sincenaturalwatercontainsdissolvedoxygen，fish，whichalsoneedoxygenthoughtheyliveinwater，willdieifhotdayspersistsolongthatthedissolvedoxygenisevaporated.,句子理解题,4.Theslightesthintofdisagreement，fromanyone，onthemosttrivialpoint，wasenoughtosethimoffonaharanguethatmightlastforhours，inwhichheprovedhimselfrightinsomanyways，andwithsuchexhaustingvolubilitythatintheendhishearer，stunnedanddeafened，wouldagreewithhim，forthesakeofpeace.,句子理解题,5.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.6.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.,句子理解题,7.Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir“expectationoflife,thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.8.Therehavebeenattemptstoexplainthesetaboosintermsofinappropriatesocialrelationshipseitherbetweenthosewhoareinvolvedandthosewhoarenotsimultaneouslyinvolvedinthesatisfactionofabodilyneed，orbetweenthosealreadysatiatedandthosewhoappeartobeshamelesslygorging.,句子理解题,9.Along-heldviewofthehistoryofEnglishcoloniesthatbecametheUnitedStateshasbeenthatEnglandspolicytowardthesecoloniesbefore1763wasdictatedbycommercialinterestsandthatachangetoamoreimperialpolicy,dominatedbyexpansionistmilitaristobjectives,generatedthetensionsthatultimatelyledtotheAmericanRevolution.,