选修七unit1 to不定式的用法.ppt

M5Unit1Grammar,本节课重点提要,1.不定式的基本形式和否定形式2.不定式的时态和语态3.不定式的复合结构4.不定式的基本用法5.不定式中常见的主动表被动6不定式的省略，保留符号to7.不带to的不定式,Theyadvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Theyadvisedme_smoking.HepromisedtotakecareofthepoorHepromised_thepoor,Step1,基本形式和否定形式,肯定式:todo否定式:nottodo,nottogiveup,nottotakecareof,动词不定式的时态和语态,Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.,.一般式(todo/tobedone).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,Step2,.进行式(tobedoing),TheyseemedtobetalkingaboutsomethingsecretwhenIcamein.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,.完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone),2.Impleasedtohavebeengiventhischance.,1.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.,如果不定式的动作发生在谓语之前。,如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动形式.,小结,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,/,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,练习,Hello!Itsgood_(see)youagain.Bye-bye,Imglad_(see)you.Theypretend_(work)hardwhentheteachercamein.Thegirlstudentsissaid_(send)abroadlastweek.Allthestudentsinourclasshaveenteredforthesports-meeting_(hold)nextweek.,Step3不定式的复合结构,ItsimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itswise/kindofhimtohelpthepoor.,Todolikethatisfoolish.,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,Step4不定式的用法,不定式,（一）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.3.ItsimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.4.Itisnotagoodideatocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorning.归纳：不定式作主语，表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。高考链接(1)(真题改编山东)Itsstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone_(employ)asecurityofficer.,toemploy,（二）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.2.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.3.Mywishistobecomeateacher归纳：不定式作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。练习：Yourjobtodayis_(clean)theplayground.,toclean,（三）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.Hecantaffordtobuytheexpensivecar.3.Ithinkitusefultolearnaforeignlanguage.4.Ifeelitmydutytosaythatyouarewrong.归纳：1.不定式作宾语，常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语动词口诀决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。其对应的动词分别为：decide/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。,固定搭配,2.若不定式结构比较复杂，通常用it作形式宾语，真正的主语放在句子的后面，该用法常见的动词有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。,It形式宾语结构：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth,3.一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但是两种情况下的语义不同。remembertodosth.记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔trytodosth.设法，试图trydoingsth.试试看，试一试meantodosth.打算做meandoingsth.意味着stoptodosth.停下来做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某件事,(补充)接doing形式的动词及短语1.动名词作宾语：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持续做某事2.固定短语：feellikedoingsth.喜欢做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；beworthdoing值得做某事；havefundoing.做某事高兴spend(in)doingsth.花费（时间、金钱）做某事；havedifficulties/trouble/problems（in）doingsth做某事有困难；,练习：1.Shehadagreed_(go)andseeamoviewithhim.2.Themandownstairsfounditdifficult_(get)tosleep.3.Imsorry,butIdidntmean_outyoursecret.Butyouknow,lettingoutonessecretmeans_onesfeelings.Atolet;tohurtBletting;hurtingCtolet;hurtingDletting;tohurt,togo,toget,C,（四）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.2.Theparentsdontallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.3.Sheinvitedmetohavedinnerwithheryesterday,归纳1：不定式在某些动词后作宾补要保留to,如例1、2、3。常见动词有tell,advise,allow,ask,expect,force,want,teach,wish,persuade等。【如：asksbtodo】,4.IheardhersingtodayShesangwonderfully5.Shewasheardtosingtoday6.Isawhimentertheroom.7.Hewasseentoentertheroom.8.Dontmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.9.Theworkersweremadetowork10hoursaday.,归纳2：不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补要省略to,和宾语是主谓关系，强调动作的全过程，如例句4、6、8；但变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如例句5、7、9。常见动词有feel（一感），listento，hear（二听），let，make，have（三让），lookat，see，watch，notice（四看）。【主动无to，被动有to】,练习：1.Theyweremade_(work)thewholenight.2.Ihaveheardhim_(speak)aboutyouoften.3.Idecided_(write)ratherthantotelephone.4.Myfathergotme_(wash)alltheclotheslastnight.5.Thechildrenwereseen_(run)downthestreet.6.Ourteacheradvisesus_(read)aloudeveryday.7.Thecatwatchedthemouse_(slide)intothehousebutdidnothing.,speak,towork,towrite,towash,torun,toread,slide,（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.2.Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.AreyougoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldnextMonday?4.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?6.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.归纳：1.不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。2.名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用不定式。3.抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语，,练习1.Theairport_(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Doyouhaveanything_(do)tonight?,tobecompletd,todo,（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Toseedistantpeopleclearly,hehastowearglasses.2.Theytookmeawayfrommyworkjusttoaskmesomequestions.3.Whathashedonetomakeyousohappy?4.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Shewasnotsostupidtodothat.6.Iworkedhardonlytofailatlast.7.ThereisnodoubtthatMrs.Liwillbegladtolookaftertheboy.归纳：动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等。作目的状语。通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首；作结果状语，可用于enoughto,so.asto,such.asto,onlyto.以及too.to等结构中。,练习：1._(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2._(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.3._(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_(find)itdidntfit.5.Hisfatherpassedaway,only_(leave)himalittlemoney.6.Sheistooweak_（join）tojoinusintheouting.,Tocatch,Toworkout,Tolearn,tofind,leaving,tojoin,三、不定式和疑问词连用1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.2.Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.3.Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.归纳：疑问词“what,how,when,where,which动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。高考链接1.Itsnousehavingideasonly.Dontworry.Petercanshowyou_toturnanideaintoanact.,how,Step5不定式中常见的主动表被动,Thequestionishardtoanswer.=itshardtoanswerthequestion.(位置互换）Ihavesomebookstoread.Ihavearoomtolivein.Givemesthtodrink.(同时满足主谓上的动宾关系）3.Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.4.Thequestioniswhattodonext.5.Icantgoouttoplaywithmuchworktodo.注意：Ihavesomeletterstopost.（p20)Ihavesomeletterstobeposted.,Step6不定式的省略，保留标志to,保留to到为止to后有be,have,要保留1.IhaventbeentoAmerican,andIwishto.2.-Areyouonholiday?-no,butIwouldliketobe.3.-HasTomfinishedhishomework?-Heseemstohave.,step7不带to的情况:,使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,notice注意：被动态中不能省hadbetter(not),wouldrather,wouldratherthan,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,canthelpbut=cantchoosebutdo等whynot/whydontyoudosth为什么不做?helpsb.（to）dosthwouldyoupleasedosth情态动词+do助动词+do,step7不带to的情况:,在介词but,except之后，如果其前有实义动词do的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带to.。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Ihavenochoicebuttowait.WehadnothingtodobutwatchTv.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram不定式and,or,but,ratherthan等表示并列关系的第二个to省略,表示相反关