职高英语基础模块[下册]Unit10Environment.ppt

,Unit,10,Environment,Theskyissoblue,noisepollution,rubbisheverywhere,airpollution,waterpollution,1._,1,2,3,4,2._,3._,4._,UndertheDome,穹顶之下,柴静,ChaiJing,formerpresenterandjournalistwithChinaCentralTelevision,asmogdocumentaryreleasedbyChaiJing,Whycantthelittlegirlseethewhiteclouds?,Whathashappenedtoourbluesky?,UndertheBlueSky,Whatcausesthepollutionofourenvironment?,1.Whatmakesithardforpeopletobreathethefreshair?2.Whatnowharmseveryoneintheworld?3.Whatiscoalusedfor?4.Whatcausestrafficjamseverywhereinlargecities?5.HowmanypeopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollutionintheUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil?IsthedeathrateofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollutionhigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS?Whatwouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment?,Askandanswer,Askandanswer,1.Whatmakesithardforpeopletobreathethefreshair?2.Whatnowharmseveryoneintheworld?,Smokefromchimneysandwastegasesfromcarsmakeithardforpeopletobreathethefreshair.,Airpollutionnowharmseveryoneintheworld.,3.Whatiscoalusedfor?4.Whatcausestrafficjamseverywhereinlargecities?,Coalisusedinindustryandalsoforheatingandcooking.,Thattoomanycarsarerunninginthestreetcausestrafficjamseverywhereinlargecities.,5.HowmanypeopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollutionintheUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil?,About50,000peopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollutionintheUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.,6.IsthedeathrateofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollutionhigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS?7.Whatwouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment?,Yes,itis.,Littlethingslikereusing,notlitteringaroundandwalkingorbikinginsteadofdrivingcarswouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment.,TrueorFalse?,Peopleinlargecitiesfeelthattheskyisasblueasitusedtobe.Thereismorefreshairforpeopletobreathe.ThedeathrateishigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS.4.Thesituationofourenvironmentisstillnotveryworrying.5.Airisbeingpollutedmainlybycar,fortheyburnfuelandreleasewastegas.,Task1,Fillthegapaccordingtothetext.,Airpollutionnow_everyoneintheworld.Coalisusedin_andalsofor_and_.Smokefrom_isoneofthecausesofairpollution.AccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncilintheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayear_diseases_airpollution.,harms,industry,heating,cooking,burningcoal,Task2,dieof,relatedto,5.Theunreasonableproductionoften_airpollution,waterpollutionandmuch_totheenvironment.6.Notonlythegovernment_wethecitizensshouldworkmoreactivelyto_pollutionandto_theenvironment.Inaddition,weshouldalso_ourownactions.,leadsto,damage,butalso,fightagainst,protect,beawareof,Readingcomprehension,1.Theblanketofsmogcoveringtheindustrialcitiesiscausedby_.2.Thereislessfreshair_.3.Thebeautifulflyingbirds_bytheblackdustinthepollutedair.4.Smoke_andtheexcessivewastegases_badlydamagetheairquality.,chimneysandwastegasesfromcars,smokefrom,forpeopletobreathe,aredressedin,blackandgray,fromburningcoal,whicharegivenoutbycars,5.Toomanycarsrunninginthestreets_inlargecities.6.IntheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayear_airpollution.7.Theunreasonableproductionoftenleadsto_,_and_totheenvironment.8.Littlethingslikereusing,notlitteringaroundandwalkingorbiking_drivingcarswould_.,insteadof,causetrafficjams,dieofdiseasesrelatedto,airpollution,waterpollution,muchdamage,helptoprotectand,improvetheenvironment.,UsefulexpressionsofPara.1,1.nolonger,2.usedtodosth.,3.ablanketofsmog,4.industrialcities,5.wastegases,不再,过去常常,一层烟雾,工业城市,废气,6.filltheair,弥漫在空气中,UndertheBlueSky,8.blackdust,更少的新鲜空气,7.lessfreshair,黑色的灰尘,9.makeeverythingdirty,弄脏了所有的东西,10.thebeautifullittlebirds,美丽的小鸟,11.flyintheair,飞在空中的,12.bedressedin,穿上了的外衣,13.blackandgray,黑灰色的,Unit10UndertheBlueSkyPeopleinlargecitiesfeelthatskyisnolongerasblueasitusedtobe.Ablanketofsmogcoverstheseindustrialcities.Smokefromchimneysandwastegasesfromcarsfilltheairandthereislessfreshairforpeopletobreathe.（Para.1）,Unit10UndertheBlueSkyPeopleinlargecitiesfeelthatskyisnolongerasblueasitusedtobe.Ablanketofsmogcoverstheseindustrialcities.Smokefromchimneysandwastegasesfromcarsfilltheairandthereislessfreshairforpeopletobreathe.（Para.1）,现在住在大城市的人们觉得天空不再像以前那么蓝了。,Unit10UndertheBlueSkyPeopleinlargecitiesfeelthatskyisnolongerasblueasitusedtobe.Ablanketofsmogcoverstheseindustrialcities.Smokefromchimneysandwastegasesfromcarsfilltheairandthereislessfreshairforpeopletobreathe.（Para.1）,烟雾笼罩着工业城市的上空。,Unit10UndertheBlueSkyPeopleinlargecitiesfeelthatskyisnolongerasblueasitusedtobe.Ablanketofsmogcoverstheseindustrialcities.Smokefromchimneysandwastegasesfromcarsfilltheairandthereislessfreshairforpeopletobreathe.（Para.1）,空气中弥漫着烟囱冒出的黑烟和汽车排放的废气，,Unit10UndertheBlueSkyPeopleinlargecitiesfeelthatskyisnolongerasblueasitusedtobe.Ablanketofsmogcoverstheseindustrialcities.Smokefromchimneysandwastegasesfromcarsfilltheairandthereislessfreshairforpeopletobreathe.（Para.1）,人们很难呼吸到新鲜空气。,Blackdustmakeseverythingdirtyplants,buildings,peoplesclothes,thefurnitureinhouses;eventhebeautifullittlebirdsflyingintheairaredressedinblackandgray.（Para.1）,Blackdustmakeseverythingdirtyplants,buildings,peoplesclothes,thefurnitureinhouses;eventhebeautifullittlebirdsflyingintheairaredressedinblackandgray.（Para.1）,黑色的灰尘弄脏了所有的东西,Blackdustmakeseverythingdirtyplants,buildings,peoplesclothes,thefurnitureinhouses;eventhebeautifullittlebirdsflyingintheairaredressedinblackandgray.（Para.1）,植物、建筑、人们的衣服、房子里的家具，,Blackdustmakeseverythingdirtyplants,buildings,peoplesclothes,thefurnitureinhouses;eventhebeautifullittlebirdsflyingintheairaredressedinblackandgray.（Para.1）,连飞在空中的小鸟都披上了黑灰色的外衣。,LanguagepointsofPara.1,Peopleinlargecitiesfeelthattheskyis_asblueasitusedtobe.,nolonger,大城市的人们都觉得天不再像以前那么蓝了。,A.nolonger,eg.,=,notanylonger,他不再是一个小孩了。,Hewasnolongeralittleboy.,Hewasnotalittleboyanylonger.,B.asas意为“和一样”，表示同级比较。,1.其结构为：as+adj./adv.+as,LiuJiaweiisastallasLiuYehao.,eg.,LiuJiaweirunsasfastasLiuYehao.,2.其否定形式为:,notas/so+adj./adv.+as,eg.,这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。,Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.,3.当“倍数”作为修饰成分出现时，必须置于asas结构之前，如：,aquarter（四分之一）、,half（一半）、,once（一倍）、,threetimes（三倍）等,twice（两倍）、,eg.,你的包比我的贵一倍。,Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.,4.几个关于asas的常见句型：,asaspossible“尽可能”,请尽快回答我的问题。,Pleaseanswermyquestionassoonaspossible.,asasusual/before“与往常/以前一样,她看起来和以前一样漂亮。,Shelooksasprettyasbefore.,妈妈与往常一样忙碌。,Motherisasbusyasusual.,5.一些带有asas结构的常见习语归纳：,asbusyasabee,像蜜蜂一样忙碌,aseasyasABC,像ABC一样容易,asdeepasawell,像井一样深,aslightasafeather,像羽毛一样轻,assoftasbutter,像黄油一样软,usedtodo,“过去常常”,C.,对比,beusedtodoingsth.,习惯于做某事,eg.,他过去常常夏天在河里游泳。,Heusedtoswimintheriverinsummer.,eg.,我的妈妈习惯于早晨早起。,Mymotherisusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.,eventhebeautifullittlebirdsflyingintheairaredressedinblackandgray.,甚至连飞在空中的美丽小鸟都披上了黑灰色的外衣。,A.,现在分词短语作定语表示动作的主动或正在进行。如：,flyingintheair动词ing形式作定语，修饰,Note:,birds。,Thegirlsittingbythedoorismysister.,坐在门边的女孩是我的姐姐。,B.,dresssb.,eg.,dress是及物动词,意“为穿衣”，用法是,保姆每天都要给宝宝穿衣。,对比,Thebabysitterdressesthebabyeveryday.,be/getdressed(in),“打扮，穿着”,Sheisdressedwelltoday.,她今天穿得很漂亮。,eg.,Sheisdressedinanewskirt.,她穿着一条新裙子。,Translatethefollowingphrases.,1.nolonger2.asas3.usedtodo4.bedressedin5.dresssb6.ablanketof,(),(),(),(),(),(),像一样,过去经常做,不再,一层,穿着,给某人穿衣服,Translatethefollowingsentences.,他不再吸烟了2.我们上学时他常帮助别人。3.Hetoldmehewould(再也不)goshoppingwithme.4.Hisfather(过去常常)smoke,butnowhedoesnt.5.住在大城市里的人们觉得天空不再像以前那么蓝了。,(),(),(,Heusedtohelpotherswhenwewereatschool.,nolonger,Henolongersmokes./Hedoesntsmokeanylonger.,usedto,Peopleinlargecitiesfeelthattheskyisnolongerasblueasitusedtobe.,),UsefulexpressionsofPara.2,1.airpollution2.beusedinindustry3.beusedfordoing4.burningcoal5.oneofthecauses6.inlargecities7.theseriousproblem,空气污染,被用于工业,被用来做,燃烧的煤,主要原因之一,在大城市中,很严重的问题,8.trafficjams9.atthesametime10.theexcessivewastegases过多的废气11.giveout排放，发出12.badlydamagetheairquality严重地破坏了空气的质量,begivenout,交通堵塞,同时,Airpollutionnowharmseveryoneintheworld.Coalisusedinindustryandalsoforheatingandcooking.Smokefromburningcoalisoneofthecausesofairpollution.Nowthereisanothermaincauseofairpollutioninlargecities.（第二段）,Airpollutionnowharmseveryoneintheworld.Coalisusedinindustryandalsoforheatingandcooking.Smokefromburningcoalisoneofthecausesofairpollution.Nowthereisanothermaincauseofairpollutioninlargecities.（第二段）,空气污染现在危害着世界上的每一个人。,Airpollutionnowharmseveryoneintheworld.Coalisusedinindustryandalsoforheatingandcooking.Smokefromburningcoalisoneofthecausesofairpollution.Nowthereisanothermaincauseofairpollutioninlargecities.（第二段）,煤用于工业上，也用来取暖和做饭。,Airpollutionnowharmseveryoneintheworld.Coalisusedinindustryandalsoforheatingandcooking.Smokefromburningcoalisoneofthecausesofairpollution.Nowthereisanothermaincauseofairpollutioninlargecities.（第二段）,燃烧的煤产生的黑烟是空气污染的主要原因之一。,Airpollutionnowharmseveryoneintheworld.Coalisusedinindustryandalsoforheatingandcooking.Smokefromburningcoalisoneofthecausesofairpollution.Nowthereisanothermaincauseofairpollutioninlargecities.（第二段）,现在在大城市中空气污染有另一个主要的原因之一。,Theseriousproblemisthattoomanycarsarerunninginthestreets.Itoftencausestrafficjamsinlargecities.Atthesametime,theexcessivewastegaseswhicharegivenoutbycarsbadlydamagetheairquality.（第二段）,Theseriousproblemisthattoomanycarsarerunninginthestreets.Itoftencausestrafficjamsinlargecities.Atthesametime,theexcessivewastegaseswhicharegivenoutbycarsbadlydamagetheairquality.（第二段）,严重的问题是路上有太多的车在行驶。,Theseriousproblemisthattoomanycarsarerunninginthestreet.Itoftencausestrafficjamsinlargecities.Atthesametime,theexcessivewastegaseswhicharegivenoutbycarsbadlydamagetheairquality.（第二段）,经常会导致大城市中的交通堵塞。,Theseriousproblemisthattoomanycarsarerunninginthestreets.Itoftencausestrafficjamsinlargecities.Atthesametime,theexcessivewastegases（whicharegivenoutbycars）badlydamagetheairquality.（第二段）,同时，汽车排出的过量废气严重地破坏了空气质量。,ThetranslationofPara.2,空气污染现在危害着世界上的每一个人。,煤用于工业上，也用来取暖和做饭。,燃烧的煤产生的黑烟是空气污染的主要原因之一。,现在在大城市中空气污染有另一个主要的原因。,路上有太多的车在行驶,这是一个很严重的问题,经常会导致大城市中的交通堵塞。,同时，过多的车辆排放的废气严重地破坏了空气的质量。,Explanationsofsomeimportantphrases.,harm(v.)危害;(n.)(伤)害;harmful(adj.),必记短语：doharmtobeharmfulto对有伤害,eg:Yoursmokingcanbeharmfultothehealthofyourchildren.,Excessive（过量的）drinkingwilldoharmtoyou.,2.beusedfor被用来其主动形式：usesthforsth用作,1）Weusedthesealsfurforcoats.我们用海貂皮做大衣。,2）Shedecidedtousemilkforgifts.她决定使用牛奶做礼物。,3）Thisroomisusedforourclassroom.这个房间用来做我们的教室。,eg.,4）Itcanalsobeusedforfood.它也可食用。,3.giveout:放出，发出（声音，光线，气味等）用完，用尽分发，分配发表，公布,Thiskindofflowersgiveoutapleasingsmell.,Wehadjustreachedhomewhenthepetrolgaveout.,Wesawamangivingoutleaflets(传单)inthestreet.,eg.,Theresultoftheexaminationwillbegivenoutthisweek.,4.atthesametime同时,WeshouldreadmoreinlearningEnglish,atthesametimewehavetolistenmore.,Twoironballslandedthegroundatthesametime.,eg.,Translatethefollowingphrases.,1.doharmto2.beusedfor3.trafficjams4.giveout5.atthesametime6.airpollution,(),(),(),(),(),(),被用来做,交通阻塞,对有伤害,空气污染,放出，发出,同时,Checkyourself.,Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestmay(对有害)ourbody.2Thesun_(发出，释放)lightandheattotheearth.3Aknife_(被用来)cuttingthethings.Carelessnessalways_(导致)drivingaccident.5.Sorry,Im20minuteslatebecauseofthe_(交通堵塞)onthewayhere.,trafficjams,givesout,doharmto/beharmfulto,isusedfor,causes/leadsto,AccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC),intheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollution.ThedeathrateishigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS.(第三段),AccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC),intheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollution.ThedeathrateishigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS.(第三段),根据自然资源保护协会的报告，,AccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC),intheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollution.ThedeathrateishigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS.(第三段),在美国每年大约5万人死于与空气污染相关的疾病,AccordingtotheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC),intheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollution.ThedeathrateishigherthanthatoftrafficaccidentsorAIDS.(第三段),这一死亡率比交通事故或艾滋病都高。,ThetranslationofPara.3,根据自然资源保护协会的报告，在美国每年大约5万人死于与空气相关的疾病，这一死亡率比交通事故或艾滋病都高。,1.accordingto根据2.intheUnitedStates在美国3.theNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC)自然资源保护委员会4.dieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollution死于与空气污染有关的疾病5.thedeathrate死亡率6.trafficaccidents交通事故,UsefulexpressionsofPara.3,AccordingtotheNationalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC),intheUnitedStates,about50,000peopleayeardieofdiseasesrelatedtoairpollution.,根据自然资源保护协会的报告，在美国每年大约5万人死于与空气污染相关的疾病。,A.,对比,dieof,diefrom,表示由于年老、疾病、饥饿等直接原因而死亡,一般由于车祸火灾等意外或间接原因而死亡,Hediedofaheartdisease.,他因心脏病而死。,他死于一场车祸。,Hediedfromacaraccident.,eg.,eg.,B.,relateto,同有关系,过去分词短语作定语,eg.,Thesearethebooksrelatedtoscience.,这些是与科学相关的书籍。,eg.,Wealthisseldomrelatedtohappiness.,财富鲜与幸福有关,Translatethefollowingphrases.,1.accordingto2.NRDC3.dieof4.relateto5.thedeathrate6.trafficaccidents,(),(),(),(),(),(),自然资源保护委员会,死于,根据,交通事故,同有关系，涉及,死亡率,Theunreasonableproductionoftenleadstoairpollution,waterpollutionandmuchdamagetotheenvironment.Howcanwerealizethattheearthisourhomeandweshouldprotectitforourchildren?（第四段）,Theunreasonableproductionoftenleadstoairpollution,waterpollutionandmuchdamagetotheenvironment.Howcanwerealizethattheearthisourhomeandweshouldprotectitforourchildren?（第四段）,不合理的生产经常导致空气污染、水污染并对环境造成很大的危害。,Theunreasonableproductionoftenleadstoairpollution,waterpollutionandmuchdamagetotheenvironment.Howcanwerealizethattheearthisourhomeandweshouldprotectitforourchildren?（第四段）,我们怎么才能够意识到地球是我们的家园，,Theunreasonableproductionoftenleadstoairpollution,waterpollutionandmuchdamagetotheenvironment.Howcanwerealizethattheearthisourhomeandweshouldprotectitforourchildren?（第四段）,我们应该为了我们的孩子们来保护它呢？,ThetranslationofPara.4,过多的生产经常导致空气污染、水污染并对环境造成很大的危害。我们怎么才能够意识到地球是我们的家园，我们应该为了我们的孩子们来保护它呢？,Theunreasonableproductionoftenleadstoairpollution,waterpollutionandmuchdamagetotheenvironment.,过度的生产经常导致空气污染、水污染并对环境造成很大的危害。,leadto,导致，通向,Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.,过量的工作以及太少的休息常会引起疾病。,条条大路通罗马。,AllroadsleadtoRome.,eg.,eg.,Notonlythegovernmentbutalsowethecitizensshouldworkmoreactivelytofightagainstpollutionandtoprotecttheenvironment.Inaddition,weshouldalsobeawareofourownactions.（第五段）,Notonlythegovernmentbutalsowethecitizensshouldworkmoreactivelytofightagainstpollutionandtoprotecttheenvironment.Inaddition,weshouldalsobeawareofourownactions.（第五段）,不仅政府而且我们市民都应当更加积极地反对污染，保护环境。,Notonlythegovernmentbutalsowethecitizensshouldworkmoreactivelytofightagainstpollutionandtoprotecttheenvironment.Inaddition,weshouldalsobeawareofourownactions.（第五段）,此外，我们也应该留意自身的行为。,Littlethingslikereusing,notlitteringaroundandwalkingorbikinginsteadofdrivingcarswouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment.Wehopethatsomedaytheblanketofsmogoverlargecitieswilldisappearandwecanseetheblueskyagain.（第五段）,Littlethingslikereusing,notlitteringaroundandwalkingorbikinginsteadofdrivingcarswouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment.Wehopethatsomedaytheblanketofsmogoverlargecitieswilldisappearandwecanseetheblueskyagain.（第五段）,一些小的事情像回收利用、不乱扔垃圾、以步行或骑自行车代替开车都有助于保护和改善环境。,Littlethingslikereusing,notlitteringaroundandwalkingorbikinginsteadofdrivingcarswouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment.Wehopethatsomedaytheblanketofsmogoverlargecitieswilldisappearandwecanseetheblueskyagain.（第五段）,我们希望有朝一日大城市的上空的阴霾会消失，,Littlethingslikereusing,notlitteringaroundandwalkingorbikinginsteadofdrivingcarswouldhelptoprotectandtoimprovetheenvironment.Wehopethatsomedaytheblanketofsmogoverlargecitieswilldisappearandwecanseetheblueskyagain.（第五段）,我们能再次看到蔚蓝的天空。,不仅政府而且我们市民都应当更加积极地反对污染，保护环境。为。此外，我们也应该留意自己的行为。一些小的事情像回收利用、不乱扔垃圾、以步行或骑自行车代替开车都有助于保护和改善环境。我们希望有朝一日大城市上空的阴霾会消失，我们能再次看到蔚蓝的天空。,ThetranslationofPara.5,UsefulexpressionsofPara.5,1.notlitteringaround2.insteadof3.toimprovetheenvironment4.someday5.theblanketofsmogoverlargecities,不乱扔垃圾,代替,改善环境,有朝一日,大城市上空的阴霾,Notonlythegovernmentbutalsothecitizensshouldworkmoreactivitytofightagainstpollutionandtoprotecttheenvironment.,不仅政府而且我们市民都应当更加积极地反对污染，保护环境。,notonlybutalso,“不但而且”是一个并列连词短语。,使用规则：,1.notonly与butalso要求前后对称,即所连接的词的词性必须一致；,2.notonly位于句首时,后接句子语序需用倒装结构；,eg.,Franklinwasconsiderednotonlyaninventor,butalsoastatesman.,富兰克林不仅被看做发明家，而且被看做政治家。,不但路西喜欢弹钢琴，莉莉也喜欢。,eg.,Notonly_toplaythepiano,butalsoLilylikesto.,doesLucylike,3.当并列主语时，谓语动词的数应遵循就近原则，即与butalso后的主语的数保持一致。,eg.,NotonlyyoubutalsoMr.Zhang_inthiscollege.,teaches,Inaddition,weshouldalsobeawareofourownactions.,此外，我们也应该留意自己的行为。,Inaddition,weshouldalsobeawareofourownactions.,此外，我们也应该留意自己的行为。,inaddition“另外”,他们还吃了大量的水果。,Theyeatagreatdealoffruitinaddition.,beawareof,意识到,留意,Areyouawareofthedanger?,你意识到危险了吗？,eg.,B.,A.,Wemustbeawareoftheweatherthesedays.我们必须留意最近的天气。,help(to)dosth“有助于”,2)Thebabyscryinghelpstodigest(消化).,1)ThebookhelpstounderstandMoyanhimself.,C.,Translatethefollowingphrases.,1.notonlybutalso2.fightagainst3.此外，另外4.beawareof5.有助于6.用代替，是而不是，,(),(),(),(),(),(),与作斗争,inaddition,不但而且,意识到,helptodosth,insteadof,Checkyourself.,Asastudent,weshould(反对)wastingtimeandmoney.2Theyusecotton_(而不是)silk.3Youshould_(注意)yourmistakes,oryoucancrime.Drivingacarcarefully_(有助于)safe.Tomgoestoschoolonfoot(而不是)bycar.6.,shestill