红字英文介绍The-Scarlet-LetterPPT课件

.,1,红字,thescarletletter,.,2,NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔霍桑(1804-1864),AnAmericannovelistandshortstorywriterinthe19thcentury.HisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecifically,darkromanticism（黑色浪漫主义).,.,3,Manyofhisworksfeaturingmoralallegories(寓言）withaPuritaninspiration.Amanofliterarycraftsmanship,extraordinaryintheuseofsymbol:symbolsserveasaweapontoattackreality.Itcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswriting.Histhemesoftencenterontheinherentevilandsinofhumanity.Hisworksoftenhavemoralmessagesanddeeppsychologicalcomplexity.,.,4,ImportantWork,Novels:Fanshawe(1825，范肖）TheScarletLetter(1850,红字）HouseoftheSevenGables(1851,七个尖角阁的房子)TheBlithedaleRomance(1852,福谷传奇)TheMarbleFaun(1857,玉石雕像)Shortstories:Twice-ToldTales（1837，故事重述）MossesFromanOldManse(1846,古屋青苔),.,5,Background,17thCenturyBoston,Massachusetts,NewEnglandcolonyPuritan清教徒:PuritansbelievedGodandSatanwerepresentineveryonessoul.Theywereconstantlyfightingagainsteachother.Theybelievedthattherelationshipofanindividualtothecommunitywasanimportantconcern.Antinomian唯信仰论者：主张基督徒可以废弃道德，依靠信仰来拯救灵魂。Quaker教友派：靠内心意识指引的教派Witch巫女,.,6,TheScarletLetter:Background,ThesettingofTheScarletLetterisBostoninthe1640s.PersecutedinEngland,thePuritanscametoNorthAmericatoformtheirowncommunities.LifeintheColonieswasharsh,butitgavethePuritanstheopportunitytoformasocietybasedontheirreligiousideals.Puritanssoughtthefreedomtolivebytheirbeliefs.However,thePuritanleadersdidnottoleratereligiousbeliefsthatdifferedfromtheirown.,.,7,Introduction,TheScarletLettertoldastoryofapuritanwomanHesterPrynnewhowaspunishedtowearascarletAwhichstoodforthecrimeofadultery.TheprettyyoungladytriedtosettledowninBostonwithheroldanduglyhusbandChillinggworth,ascholar.Butthelatterdidnotappearforyears.Duringthistime,HestercommittedadulterywithalocalMinsterDimmesdale,andgavebirthtoagirlPearl.Facingtheterriblepunishment,Hesterrefusedtogiveherloversnameawaytoprotecthim.Yearslater,thehusbandChillinggworthcametothetownandfoundoutthewholetruth,andheoperatedanhorrorrevengeonDimmesdale,withhidinghisowntruename.Yet,asthestorygoing,HesterandDimmesdalebecamesympatheticfigures,whileChillinggworthwasadevilatlast.Justbecauseoftheending,TheScarletLetterwasdefinedasnothingbutacoarseandvulgarbookwithideasthatwouldpervertthemindsofreaders,whenitwaspublishedatfirst.Howeverpeoplerealizedthatitwasathoughtfulbookwithgreatvalueandworthytostudyagainandagain.,.,8,Theachievementsofthenovel,TheAnalysisofVariousSubjectsOnthethinkingside,thetopicsofthoseachievementsvariedaswidelyasfromfeminismtonineteenth-centurymaleidentities,fromPuritanismtoRaceandSlavery,fromTranscendentalismtoPolicy.Forinstance,fromthepointofreligion,FengGuolingsaidthereligiousethicsstoppedtheauthorfromunitingtheloverswithwedlock,TheStudyofWritingSkillsItisthefirstpointthathewasgoodatputtingsymbolsintofullplay.Thesecondoneisthephantasmagoriathatwasimbeddedintohisnovel.TheUseofIntertextualReadingThismodecoverstwopartsthatintertextualreadingofdifferentliteraryworksaswellasofliteraryworksandhistory.,.,9,Incontrast,thestudiesofHawthorneinAmerica,putfocusontheconceptofromancewithdrawingontheachievementsofsciencecommunity,likeelectrictheory.Therearesomanygreatachievementsconcerningallkindsofideas,however,whenreadersthinkofHawthornesattitudetoreligion,theyarelimitedtotheideathatHawthornewasinadilemma:eitherbetrayhisreligionordepressthenature.ButinfactHawthornefoundthebalancebetweentheminTheScarletLetterwhenhetreatedreligionasatoolofregulationfunctionratherthanpurebelief.相比之下，中国的研究主要是文学研究，而美国则关注于作品中的科学原理。虽然研究众多，但是读者在思考霍桑的宗教态度时候总是认为霍桑处于两难境地，是背叛信仰还是抑制人性。但是在红字中，霍桑其实已经找到了两者之间的平衡点他把宗教当成是一种具有调节社区的工具而不是纯粹的信仰,.,10,MajorcharactersinTheScarletLetter,HesterPrynne,ArthurDimmesdale,RogerChillingworth,daughter,lover,husband,heroine,Pearl,.,11,Charactersinthethescarletletter,HesterPrynneHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable,woman.Shespeculatesonhumannature,socialorganization,andlargermoralquestions.Hesterstribulationsalsoleadhertobestoicandafreethinker.Shecaresforthepoorandbringsthemfoodandclothing.,ArthurDimmesdaleDimmesdalewasascholar.ThefactthatHestertakesalloftheblamefortheirsharedsingoadshisconscience,andhisresultantmentalanguishandphysicalweaknessopenuphismindandallowhimtoempathizewithothers.ThepersonalguiltdrivesDimmesdaletofurtherinternalizehisguiltandself-punishmentandleadstostillmoredeteriorationinhisphysicalandspiritualcondition.,.,12,Charactersinthethescarletletter,RogerChillingworthRogerChillingworthisamandeficientinhumanwarmth.Histwisted,stooped,deformedshouldersmirrorhisdistortedsoul.Heisinterestedinrevenge,notjustice,andheseeksthedeliberatedestructionofothersratherthanaredressofwrongs.HisdesiretohurtothersstandsincontrasttoHesterandDimmesdalessin.,PearlPearl，Hestersdaughter，makesusconstantlyawareofhermothersscarletletterandofthesocietythatproducedit.Pearlsinnocent,orperhapsintuitive,commentsabouttheletterraisecrucialquestionsaboutitsmeaning.,.,13,SymbolismintheNovel,NathanielHawthorneisamasterofsymbolismTheScarletLetter:thefirstsymbolicnoveltobewrittenintheUnitedStates.,.,14,TheSymbolicMeaningoftheFourMajorCharacters,Hester-beauty“Theyoungwomanwastall,withafigureofperfectelegance,”-strongwillandendurance“Iwillnotspeak.Itistoodeeplybranded.Yecannottakeitoff.AndwouldthatImightendurehisagony,aswellasmine!”-kindness,.,15,ArthurDimmesdale-ArthurDimmesdaleADAdultery-weakandcowardRogerChillingworth-“chill”cool-heartlessandmerciless-hismisshapenbodyreflectsorsymbolizestheevilinhissoul,whichbuildsasthenovelprogresses.,TheSymbolicMeaningoftheFourMajorCharacters,.,16,SymbolsofTheLetter“A”,“A”firstlystandsforthecrimeAdultery.Tothepuritansitisasymbolofjustpunishment.toHester,adeviceofunjusthumiliation.toDimmesdale,apiercingreminderofhisguilt.toChillingworth,aspurtothequestofrevengetoPearl,abrightandmysteriouscuriosity“A”variesitsmeaningasthedevelopmentofthestory,Adultery-AloneandAlienation-Able-AngelandAward.,.,17,SymbolsoftheNames,HesterPrynneHestiaTheVirginGoddessinGreekmythology,symbolofbeautyandvirtue,showingtheauthorspraisetoHestersbeautyandsaint,Goddess-likebeauty.,.,18,HastierhermarriagetoChillingworthishasty.herlovewithDimmesdaleishasty.herjoywithDimmesdalethepriestishasty.,.,19,HesterPrynnePrurient(desireforphysicallove),whichisconsideredastherootofsinandcrime.Prune(purifyorgetridof),whichforeshadowsHestersself-savefromthesinorcrime.Pry(probeinto),probeintothehumannature(sin),.,20,ArthurDimmesdaleTheinitialsADarethebeginningof“Adultery”;“Dim”meanslackoflight;“dale”meansvalleyItsymbolizestheministersdiminteriorworldofhisloveandtheshadowofsinandguiltofhismind.,.,21,RogerChillingworthJollyRogerPiratesnatureistoexploretreasuresandrevenge.ChillingworthsacttohiswifeandtoDimmesdale.,.,22,RogerChillingworth“Chilling”meanschilly.Heisamandeficientinhumanwarmth.Heisacruelandcold-bloodedman.,.,23,PearlPrynneTreasure-thetrea