西方思想经典阅读-(弗洛伊德)PPT课件

.,1,Early20thCentury:Mancontainseverythingthatisinherited,thatispresentatbirth,thatlaiddownintheconstitution.,isaspecialorganizationwhichactsasaprotectiveshieldagainststimuliandanintermediarybetweentheidandtheexternalworld;hasthetaskofself-preservationExternal:stimuli;Internal:thedemandsoftheinstincts;hasvoluntarymovement:StoringupFlightAdaptationActivity,isaspecialagencyinwhichtheparentalinfluence(morality,racialandnationaltraditionsetc.)isprolonged.,.,9,TheRelationof“id”,“ego”,and“super-ego”,Theidactsaccordingtothe“pleasureprinciple”;theegothe“realityprinciple”;thesuper-egothe“conscienceprinciple”.,Anactionbytheegois(asitshouldbe)ifitsatisfiessimultaneouslythedemandsoftheid,ofthesuper-egoandofrealityi.e.ifitisabletoreconciletheirdemandswithoneanother.Thesuper-egoworksincontradictiontotheid.Thesuper-egostrivestoactinasociallyappropriatemanner,whereastheidjustwantsinstantself-gratification.Thesuper-egocontrolsoursenseofrightandwrongandguilt.Ithelpsusfitintosocietybygettingustoactinsociallyacceptableways.,.,10,ChapterTwoTheTheoryoftheInstincts,Theforceswhichexistbehindthetensionscausedbytheneedsoftheidarecalledinstincts.Theyrepresentthesomaticdemandsuponthemind.,“id”,“theneedsoftheid”,“thetensions”,“theforces(theinstincts)”,“wecallitachaos,acauldronfullofseethingexcitations.Itisfilledwithenergyreachingitfromtheinstincts,butithasnoorganization,producesnocollectivewill,butonlyastrivingtobringaboutthesatisfactionoftheinstinctualneeds.”,Eros,theDestructiveInstinct,“libido”,.,11,ChapterSixTheTechniqueofPsychoanalysis,Premise:Itistheegostasktomeetthedemandsofthethreeforcesuponwhichitisdependentreality,theid,andthesuper-egoandmeanwhiletopreserveitsownorganizationandmaintainitsownautonomy.,arelativeorabsoluteweakeningoftheegowhichpreventsitfromperformingitstask,theego:tokeepdownofthem.(greatexpendituresofenergyuponanti-cathexes),theclaimsmadebythesuper-ego,theinstinctualclaimsoftheid,theegomaybecrippled,theidandthesuper-egooftenmakecommoncauseagainstthehardpressedego,which,inordertoretainitsnormalstate,clingsontoreality,psychiatristsprovideinformationandmeterialstoassist