英语人教版高中一年级必修1 高中英语必修一-Unit2-English-around-the-wor

,Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldWarming-upReading,高一人教新课标必修一,AmE,BrE,Lookatthepictures.CanyouspeaktheminAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish?,soccer,football,AmE,BrE,eraser,rubber,AmE,BrE,lift,elevator,AmE,BrE,flat,apartment,actuallyinfact实际上,事实上atpresentnow现在的、出席的rulegovern统治vocabularywordsandexpressions词汇、词汇量graduallybydegrees逐渐地,Newwords,official官方的voyage航行,航海native本国的,本地的actually事实上latter后者的identity身份fluent流利的frequently频繁地,bebasedon以为基础culture文化、文明identity身份government政府rapidly迅速地Singapore新加坡Malaysia马来西亚,Pre-reading,Readthetitle“TheRoadtoModernEnglish”andpredict(预测)whatthepassageismainlyabout?,TheroadtomodernEnglish,Theroad,thedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage,MoreandmorepeoplespeakEnglish.,NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachotherbutnoteverything.,Para1:,Para2:,Skimming,Mainideasofparagraphs,AttheendofLaterinthenextcenturyToday,Englishischangingovertime.(culturesmorelikeFrench,ShakespearesEnglish,AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,German,ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage,less,ruled,Shakespeare,America,Australia,governmentandeducation,Englishspelling,dictionary,TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.,inSouthAsia,China,SouthAfrica,SamuelJohnsonBorn:September18,1709WriteadictionaryOneoftheEnglishlanguagesmostprofoundinfluences.,TwoimportantpersonsinPara4,NoahWebsterBorn:October16,1758Died:May28,1843WhenNoahwas43,hestartedwritingthefirstAmericandictionary.HedidthisbecauseAmericansindifferentpartsofthecountryspelled,pronouncedandusedwordsdifferently.,WhyisIndiamentionedinthelastparagraph?A.BecauseIndiaisatypicalcountrywhospeaksEnglishasasecondlanguagebecauseofitslongbeingruledbyBritain.B.BecauseIndiahasaverylargenumberofEnglishspeakers.C.BecauseIndiaisacountrywhereEnglishplaysaveryimportantroleinsociallife.D.BecauseIndiahasalonghistoryofcommunicationwithBritain.,Para5,A,Englishisusedas,Afirstlanguage,Asecondlanguage,Aforeignlanguage,intheUK,USA,Canada,Australia,SouthAfrica,IrelandandNewZealandandsoon.,inIndia,Pakistan,NigeriathePhilippines,andHKandsoon.,inChina,andsoon.,time,place,Languagecanchangewithtime.,Languagecanchangewhenculturescommunicatewitheachother.,Conclusion,FlowChart,TheRoadToModernEnglish,Englishisnotallthesame,Englishchangesovertime,Theendof16thC,Thenextcentury,Today,MorelikeFrench,Shake-spearestime,Englishspeakersincreasing,EnglishspreadinAsiaandAfrica,AmE,AustralianEnglish,India,Othercoun-tries,China,BasedonGerman,1.Englishhas/hadthemostspeakers_.nowwhentheBritishruledmanypartsoftheworldC.inthetimeofShakespeareD.inthe12thcentury2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Languagesalwaysstaythesame.Languageschangeonlyafterwars.Languagesnolongerchange.Languageschangewhencultureschange.,A,D,Choosethecorrectanswer.,3.FromAD450to1150,Englishsoundedmorelike_.A.FrenchB.ChineseC.GermanD.Russian4.ShakespearesEnglishwasspokenaround_.A.1400sB.1150sC.450sD.1600s5.WhichcountryhasthefastestgrowingnumberofEnglishspeakersintheworld?A.AustraliaB.ChinaC.IndiaD.Britain,C,D,B,MostEnglishspeakersinthe16thcenturylivedinEngland.2.MoreandmorepeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstor2ndlanguage.3.Englishbegantobespokeninothercountiesin17thcentury.,T,T,T,TrueorFalse,4.NativeEnglishspeakerscantunderstandeachotherbecausetheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.5.AsEnglishiswidelyused,itwillbemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.6.NoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.,F,T,T,7.From1765to1947EnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducationinIndia.8.AmericahasthelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.9.Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.10.EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain.,T,F,F,T,11.Languagesfrequentlychange.12.Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.13.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.14.ThisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.,F,T,T,F,1.Whatistheclueofthepassage?2.WhendidpeoplefromEnglandbegintomovetootherpartsoftheworld?,Time.,Inthe17thcentury.,Readthetextcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.,3.WhydoesIndiahavealargenumberofEnglishspeakers?,IndiawasruledbyBritainfrom1765to1947.AndduringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.,Atfirst,onlypeoplein_spokeEnglish.Later,peoplefromEngland_tootherparts,soEnglishbegantobespokenin_.Today,_peoplespeakEnglishastheir_,secondorforeignlanguage._Englishspeakers_understandeachotherbut_.,Retellthetext.,England,moved,manyothercountries,more,first,Native,can,noteverything,Alllanguageschangewhen_communicatewithoneanother.SothereareBritishEnglish,AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglishandsoon.Theyallhavetheirown_.Englishisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguagein_.MaybeonedayChineseEnglishwillbecomeoneoftheworldEnglish.,cultures,identity,manyothercountries,Thinking,WillChineseEnglishbecomeoneoftheworldEnglishes?,“Onlytimewilltell”.,Discussion,DoyouthinkitmatterswhatkindofEnglishyoulearn?Why?2.WhydoyouthinkpeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnEnglish?,WhydosomanypeoplewanttolearnEnglish?,Touseforbusiness,Touseinschool,Totalktonativespeakers,ToreadEnglishbooks,Towritetopenfriends,TolistentoEnglishmusicandmovies,1.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.nearly和almost用法明辨：(1)两者通用的场合a.在肯定句中b.修饰all,every,always等时c.在行为动词的否定式前时e.g.Heisalmost/nearly80yearsold.,LanguagePoints,(2)只用almost的场合a.和any,no,none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,never等连用时。b.和too,morethan等连用时。c.和表示感觉或心理活动的静态动词连用时。e.g.Thereisalmostnoneleft.(3)只用nearly的场合a.被very,not,pretty等修饰时。b.和具体数字连用时(nearly常用)。如:Nearly100studentsattendedthemeeting.,2.voyage在此为可数名词,意为“旅行,航行”。如：TheTitanicwentunderonitsfirstvoyage.Theysuppliedthisshipwithenoughfoodandnecessitiesforalongvoyage.Idontwanttomakethevoyagewithouthelp.,拓展voyage还可用作动词,意为“(乘船)航行,航海”。如：TheyplannedtovoyageacrossthePacificOcean.注意区别名词travel,journey,trip和voyage:travel用作不可数名词,只用于泛指从某地去另一地,如果某人在某段时间里到处走,可用travels；journey用作可数名词,表示去某地所花,的时间和旅行的距离,尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行;trip用作可数名词,表示非定期的,也许较短的往返旅行;voyage则常指海上旅行或太空旅行。Airtravelisbecomingcheaper.Hesonhistravelsagain.Lilyhadalonganddifficultjourneythroughthemountainslastyear.Thekidsaregoingonatriptothecastle.,3.becauseof后边加名词或动名词短语because是连词,所以后边跟句子因为你的关心,我发现生活充满了希望。Becauseyouareconcernedaboutme,Ifindthatlifeisfullofhope.Becauseofyourconcern,Ifindthatlifeisfullofhope.,因为雨下得很大,那个男孩穿过树林回家了。Becauseitrainedheavily,theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods.Becauseoftheheavyrain,theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods.,4.thaneverbefore“比以往任何时候更”thaneverbefore可看作是thantheyeverspeakEnglishbefore的省略形式。在比较级结构中,副词ever与比较级和最高级连用,用来加强语气。如:YoullspeakEnglishmuchbetterthaneverbefore.Janelooksmuchprettierthaneverbefore.,ever在不同句型中的意义：1)曾经;以前(用于疑问句)2)无论什么时候都(不)(用于否定句)3)曾经(用于if从句)4)到底;究竟(用于特殊疑问句)5)永远;老是(用于肯定句),5.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.evenif=eventhough“即使”,用来引导一个让步状语从句,后面既可以用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,但是evenif/though引导的从句不用将来时。如:Evenifitrainstomorrow,wewillleaveforBeijing.,用if,asif,evenif填空。(1)_Ihadmoney,Iwouldntbuyit.(2)_Ihadmoney,Iwouldbuyit.(3)Itlooks_itisgoingtorain.(evenif引导让步状语从句;if引导条件状语从句;asif/though“似乎是”引导方式状语从句),Evenif,If,asif,注意:(1)evenif(=eventhough):inspiteofthefact;nomatterwhether即使;尽管是连词词组,用来引导让步状语从句;若主、从句皆表示将来情况,从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。(2)evenif从句所说的不那么肯定。eventhough从句是事实。e.g:Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)(Even)thoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.),Whentalkingtoafriendoverthetelephone,youfeelthatyouareclose_theactualdistanceisnotshortened.A.butB.evenifC.soD.because,B,Achildcameuptomeandshowedmethewaytothestation.thesuncomesupintheeast.Newshootsofbamboowillcomeupfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones.Yeabout出现;发生,eup上来,走近;发芽;被提出;升起,走近,上来,升起,被提出讨论,comeacross偶然遇到或找到comearound恢复;还原;改变某人的意见或立场comedown传承;按习惯通过或处理comeout成为众所周知;发行或发表;结果;自己公开宣布comeover过来;偶然拜访comeupwith宣布或发现Thedoctorcameupwithacureforthedisease.,7.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?那么,英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？over贯穿,经过(一段时间)e.g.Overtheyears,hehasbecomemorepatient.经过这些年,他变得更有耐心。周末她会来杭州。ShewillcometoHangzhouovertheweekend.圣诞节时你在家吗？WillyoustayathomeoverChristmas?over超过(=morethan),再三(again)over2minutesoverandover,8.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。1)basev.意为“以为根据,把基础设在”,常构成短语basesth.on/uponsth。如：,Thisnovelisbasedonfact.这部小说是以事实为根据的。ThepaperhadintendedtobaseitselfinLondon.ThisfilmisbasedonanovelbyD.H.Lawrence.拓展base还可用作名词,意为“底部,基地,基础”等。如:,Thereisadooratthebaseofthetower.Howmanymilitarybasesaretheymaintainingonforeignsoil?ManylanguageshaveLatinastheirbase.掌握base构成的两个短语：beoffbase完全错误,大错特错touchbase(with)sb(跟某人)联系上,逗留,2)morethan是而不是;与其说不如说;中间接相同成分。Heismoreafriendthanateacher.Heismorelazythanstupid.扩展:morethan不仅仅;多于;十分e.g.Heismorethanateacherinourschool.Hemademorethantenfriendsinthisclub.Sheismorethanbeautiful.ratherthan而不是;lessthan少于；otherthan除之外,3)present,adj.当前的,现在的(作前置定语)Didyouseethepresentnationalleaders?Canyoutellussomethingaboutthepresentsituation?出席的,在场的(作表语或后置定语)Ourteacherwaspresentatthemeeting.Allthepeoplepresentagreetomyplan.,n.目前,现在;礼物IcantsparetimebecauseIambusyatpresent.Whatpresentdidyoureceivefromyourparents?atpresent:now;atthistime/momentShesbusyatpresentandcantspeaktoyou.她现在很忙,不能跟你谈话。AtpresentheisaprofessorofmathematicsatCambridge.目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。,vt.赠与,赠给予,给,提出presentsb.withsth.或presentsth.tosb.把交给,颁发,授予如:Motherpresentedagifttomejustnow.Onhisbirthday,hisfriendspresentedhimwithaseriesofreaders./presentedaseriesofreaderstohim.(送给他一套读本),9.Shakespearemadeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量。makeuseof利用,使用makegood/fulluseof充分使用makenouseofsth.没有利用Wecouldmakegooduseofourresources.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。Everyminuteshouldbemadegooduseof.每一分钟都应该很好地利用。,Shemakesuseofpeopleshemeetsasheroesforhernovel.Weshouldmakegooduseoftimetostudy.拓展make构成的常见短语:makeof，makefrom通常用于被动语态,构成bemadeof,bemadefrom都表示“由制成”。,其中bemadeof表示在产品中能够看出原材料;bemadefrom表示在产品中看不出原材料。makeup编写,编造;和解makeupof由组成/构成；makeupfor弥补,