夹具设计方法外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

译文题目： Fixture design method 夹具设计方法 Fixture design methodThe modern market is a key to meet the consumer demand diversity.In order to effectively respond to the requirements, the manufacturer to determine their manufacturing has sufficiently flexible to meet the needs of their rapid production development.Fixture design, it is to point to use install clamp workpiece fixture in the manufacturing process, so that they can be processed into meet the design specifications of the products, is beneficial to improve manufacturing flexibility is an important factor.To make flexible fixture, there has been a considerable research effort is keen to use computer aided fixture design (CAFD) aided fixture design tools and methods development.This paper includes discussions of these research efforts.More than seventy-five CAFD tools and techniques in fixture design are discussed and introduced a computer aided and on the basis of the technology.Discuss the main conclusion is that when has been significant progress in auxiliary fixture design, mainly have two research issues need further efforts.First, now CAFD research in essence is divided, and associated fixture design before and after the need to provide more support.Second, more focused on a fixture structure of detailed design.Manufacturing enterprises the main concern is the development of design and production of a variety of high quality products in a short time range.A new products before competitors enter the market quickly, is a can protect and increase market takes up the forehead and higher profits of the decisive factors.Due to the diversity of consumer desire, has already caused the manufacturers need to develop flexible manufacturing requirements, now the production of the products is the mass production of product development to achieve a rapid turnaround.Some factors to achieve flexible manufacturing ability of organization, one of them, during the period of production, in which a workpiece fixture used for after the mechanism of production operation into products by individual parts of the assembly.Fixture during production to safely, quickly and accurately locate the workpiece, the machine manufacturing meet the design specification.In the modern manufacturing accuracy to promote many different products features usually part to achieve common parts interchangeability.The cost of the jig for manufacturing 10-20% of their total cost of the system.These costs include not only the fixture products, assembly, operation, and also including their design.So in order to reduce the jig and the design cost, there are two kinds of methods have been adopted to achieve this goal.One is focused on the development of flexible fixture system, for example, using new materials properly clamping workpiece and development business module fixture system.Flexible fixture standard is important, however, it didnt handle the difficulty of fixture design.To solve this problem, the second single research method is the development of fixture design program of computer auxiliary fixture design (CAFD) system, it is being discussed in the literature of the research methods.Have a support in machine tool clamping workpiece clamping device is a workpiece properly fixed in the concrete example.Bolt during processing, so support specific artifacts, clamping clip fixed workpiece position.Positioning system has its own auxiliary units and contact the workpiece locator.A bolt positioning components, - auxiliary unit and a contact artifacts, and produce a position power to prevent the bolt is loose.Manufacturing such typical fixture design process has four stages: equipment design, fixture design, component design, and confirmation.Planning and machining information, the device for the number of each device analysis decision mechanism, complete all necessary processing operation and proper positioning base.Artifacts of manual operation on behalf of the combination of a set of process can be performed without changing positions or locate an operation.To produce each equipped with a clamp fixture planning unit design, and the phase of operational qualification.In the fixture planning, including set meet the requirements of fixture and the layout of the generated, it represents the first step in the solution to these requirements.This layout plan will be set up and the details of the fixture locating and clamping device surface contact, and on the surface of the positioning and clamping point location.Anchor point number and position, must make the six degrees of freedom in the process of workpiece machining has enough constraints.There are all kinds of convenient conceptual anchor point layout, produce the right components to design (that is, the positioning and clamping device) and a fixture in the validation phase test, then to ensure that it can satisfy the demands of fixture design process.Before because they produce and components design, to set up and fixture verification plan, this is the place where it is worth noting.Usually fixture design stage can be divided into six types.Tolerance of the requirements and make sure there is enough support is the most basic requirement and guarantee the workpiece fixture can be physical support at the same time;The positioning error of workpiece positioning accuracy;The requirements of the same clamping centrally maintained the clamp workpiece precision and the processing power;Purchasing power of the requirements and to ensure the jig represent values such as from the material, the cost of operation and assembly and disassembly.Availability of the collision detection requirements focus on the fixture and machining path, artifacts, even itself without collision.Requirements related to fixture related engineering, including such as the need to ensure that a fixed to prevent incorrect feature embedded artifacts and a chip off the error analysis of the jig to help remove the workpiece machining error there.There are a lot of design under the condition of these requirements have conflict.For example: a heavy fixture could be beneficial in terms of stability but cost due to the increased cost of materials and availability for weight gain may hinder the manual processing result is bad.The current CAFD method This section describes the current research achievements of CAFD are mainly introduced in the four stages of their support for fixture design method.Setup planning involves the recognition processing method, a kind of individual equipment can define the didnt have to change the position of the workpiece with the hand or on the orientation of the workpiece is characteristic of the machines.Followed by the design procedure of residual phase focus on in order to protect the workpiece fixture of each equipment development.The key output from the point of view of fixture installation planning stage is to identify various requirements set, locating datum such as the main surface will be used for the workpiece in the fixture positioning.In the program of the establishment of the key tasks or grouping processing function can be set in a single artifact.Processing characteristics can be defined as cutting tool is a typical examples include hole, groove, the surface and inner surface.These characteristics clustering into separate set is dependent on many factors including tolerance ability of the dependencies between characteristics of machine tools will be used to create characteristic, the direction of the cutting tool machining method and characteristics of priorities and program of the establishment of a number of techniques have been developed to support.Although technology and neural network based on matrix is also used, but the graph theory and heuristic reasoning is the most common program of the establishment of technical support.Cost optimization indexes such as machine tool change over time, and so on.Through the mixed genetic annealing algorithm considering the ability of the dynamic change of machine tool.Initial characteristic matrix by applying the algorithm to generate a recognition method based on combination machine tools for each feature may consider face and feature location tolerance.Fixture design involves the definition of comprehensive from, clamping fixture for support, precision adapted to bear ability, collision prevention and availability requirements listed in the table to create a fixture layout scheme.The first part of the layout scheme is fixture to solve in the specified location positioning and clamping.Many validated method features especially the layout of clamping requirements.Usually this validation includes part of the feedback loop is designed to optimize the layout scheme on these requirements.Now technology is used to support the fixture planning of fixture requirements definition, layout planning, layout optimization.To define comprehensive clamp fixture requirements way defined requirements have received limited attention is mainly focused on the definition of personalized needs at the request of the support, clamping, and its accuracy.Analyzes a defining characteristic of form tolerance source, make work tolerance allowed tolerance on each accuracy requirement.Positioning accuracy is to allow the point of a variety of factors, such as precision positioning components, precision machine tool, workpiece deformation and so on.Can continue to meet the tolerance for the decomposition of precision fixture design, such as location tolerance of components in the development of component design stage can not exceed the prescribed precision positioning components.To complete the workpiece deformation analysis if too large deformation using heuristic rules to positioning and clamping position and test.A planning optimization, the optimization layout scheme of CAFD is common and is constrained to stability and deformation of the workpiece.Based on typical stability optimization layout scheme to ensure a focus on satisfy kinematic form closed contact an infinitesimal part of a set of constraints sports, to strengthen the stability and optimization of some form of basic conditions such as minimizing power in positioning and clamping point.The improved scheme until you reach the best state.Surface usually test analysis using the finite element deformation in the process to build a series of potential node positioning and clamping.Set of contact point coding and testing, and the development of new genetic algorithm is used for workpiece deformation processing, the clamping force caused by the contact point set until you reach the best instead of using the node.Some CAFD method using geometrical data such as spatial coordinates of the genetic algorithm which can provide to improve the accuracy of the as they represent the physical distance between nodes.Define a to confirm the fixture based on the working space for a part of the individual configuration method of fixture locating layout for each part.The method prose analysis is used to determine the preliminary work space layout is however a given parts of fixture optimization configuration superposition in determine the optimal anchor point, for an assembly of parts can be assembled in a reconfigurable assembly jig.That has been built on earlier work by the requirements of the simplified calculation optimization algorithm to try.Element concept and detailed design including the definition of positioning and clamping unit connected between the fixture along with their base figure.These components by a positioning and contact artifacts and in turn connect itself is tied to a structural support base.These structural support services and other functions such as provide positioning and clamping unit can bear with sufficient rigidity and application processing fixture clamping force leading to some characteristics of design for the tolerance and allow the jig and locators and workpiece in the right place.Unit a design usually rarely receive unprecedented attention fixture planning and validation but a lot of technology has been used to support the design of the two concepts and detailed unit.A conceptual method of conceptual design has been the focus of component design should contain a single element type and number of elements and their overall layout.Have a variety of different locator clip each structural support elements can be more suitable for some jig problem is bigger than the other.As two setup planning and fixture layout planning, the method based on rules and support the introduction of concept design element of heuristic rules are used to select elements of preferred unit must set up in response to factors such as characteristics of workpiece contact type, surface texture and surface processing operations during the installation.In addition to using heuristic rules as a means to produce concept design, using inductive reasoning technology based decision tree rules from this fixture can be check every decision tree road.Usually based on rules and geometry method does not explicitly consider the required strength design units.However, so must be able to achieve its function under processing, the clamping force imposed on such parts design tolerance can meet.To solve this problem a lot of behavior unit design driven approach focuses on the existing ensure have enough strength.Cecil proposed some preliminary work to prevent failure size belt clip from a stress fracture but not consider tolerance structural unit.Develop a model of synthetic clamp structure simple type flexible manufacturing and dimensions to determine the stiffness and stability as the goal, by considering the workholder artifacts stiffness matrix and expand for modular fixture.夹具设计方法现代市场是一个主要为满足消费者多样性需求的地方。为了种有效地回应这要求，制造业者确定他们的制造业拥有充分的柔性以满足他们迅速的生产发展的需要。夹具设计，是指使用夹具在制造过程中装夹工件，以便他们能被加工成满足设计规格的产品，是提高制造业柔性一个重要的有利因素。为了使有柔性的夹具成为可能，已经有相当程度的研究努力热衷于使用计算机辅助夹具设计 （CAFD）工具和方法发展辅助夹具设计。这篇文献包含这些研究努力的讨论。超过七十五个 CAFD 工具和方法在夹具设计方面被讨论并逐步实行计算机辅助和以其为基础的技术。讨论的主要结论是当已经被在辅助夹具设计方面有重要的进步时，主要地有两个需要进一步的努力的研究议题。第一，现在的 CAFD 研究在本质上被分割，而且需要提供更多前后关联的夹具设计支持。第二，更多聚焦于一个夹具的自身结构的详细设计。制造业企业的主要担心是发展设计和在短时间范围里生产多种高质量产品的能力。一种新产品在其他竞争者之前快速进入市场内，是一个能够起到保护、增加市场较高占用额和利润的决定性的因素。由于对多样性的消费者渴求，已经造成对制造业者需要发展有柔性的制造业的要求，现在产品的一届生产是产品发展中达成一个迅速的大量生产的转机。一些因素对达成有柔性的制造业的组织能力有影响，其中之一，在生产期间，夹具使用在对哪一个工件进行过生产的机制操作后进入产品之内被装配的个别的部份。夹具在生产期间要快速、准确、安全地定位工件，使机器制造部份满足设计规格。现代制造业中准确性促进许多不同的产品以通常的部份为特色达到普遍的部份的可互换性。 夹具的费用占制造业系统的总计费用的 10-20%。这些费用不仅包括夹具产品、装配，运转，也包括它们的设计。因此为了减少夹具与设计费用，有两种方法已经被采用实现这一目标。一是专注于发展有柔性的夹具系统，例如使用适当地新型材料装夹工件和发展商业模组夹具系统。然而，有柔性的夹具重要标准是它没有处理设计夹具的困难。要解决这一个问题，第二个研究方法是发展单一化夹具设计程序的辅助计算机的夹具设计（CAFD）制度，它就是在这文献里面被讨论的研究方法。机床上有一个支持夹紧工件夹具装置是一个工件正确地固定在它的夹具体上的典型例子。螺栓在加工期间，如此支撑夹紧夹具体工件，固定工件位置。定位系统有自己的辅助单元和连络工件的定位器。定位组件有一个螺栓，辅助单元和一个连络工件，而且产生一个定位力量防止螺栓的松动。 制造这样典型地夹具的设计程序有四个阶段：装备设计，夹具设计，元件设计，和确认。在装置规划和加工工件信息，为每个装置分析决定机构的数量要求，完成所有必要的加工操作和适当的定位基准。工件的手动操作代表一个设置相结合的过程可以执行一个无需改变位置或定位工件操作。要为产生每种装备一个夹具夹具计划单元设计，和运行确认阶段。在夹具规划，包含设置生成满足要求的夹具和生成的布局规划，它代表了对这些要求解决方案的第一步。这种布局计划的细节将建立与夹具的定位和夹紧装置的工件表面接触，加上表面的定位和夹紧点位置。定位点的数量和位置，必须使工件加工过程中的 6 度自由有足够的的约束。有各种各样的方便概念定位点布局，产生合适的元件设计（即定位和夹紧装置）和夹具随后在验证阶段测试，以确保它满足夹具的设计过程中要求。因为它们产生和元件设计前，采取设置和夹具计划的核查，这是值得注意的地方。通常设计夹具阶段可以划分为六类。 “公差”的要求与确保有足够“支撑”是最基本的要求同时和保证工件夹具可以物理支持；的定位误差的工件定位准确；同样的“夹紧”的要求集中维护这个精度夹具中工件与受加工的力量；“购买力”的要求与保障夹具代表的值例如在从材料、操作和装配、拆卸成本。 “可用性”的 “碰撞检测”要求专注于确保夹具与加工路径、工件、甚至本身不碰撞。要求与夹具相关工程学有关，包括例如需要确保一个固定以防止不正确特征嵌入一个工件和芯片脱落的误差分析那里的夹具协助去除工件加工的误差。 有很多设计的情况下这些要求是有冲突的。举个例子：一个重夹具在安定方面可能是有利的但是成本由于材料成本的增加和可用性因为体重增加可能会阻碍手工处理效果不好。目前 CAFD 的方法 这部分描述了当前的 CAFD 的研究成果重点介绍了在他们支持的四阶段夹具设计的方法。设置规划涉及识别加工方法，一种个别的装备定义能在没有必须用手改变工件的位置或定方位的工件上被以机器制造的特征。其后，设计程序的剩余阶段把重心集中在为保护工件的每种装备发展夹具。从夹具的观点关键输出安装规划阶段是识别各类要求设置、定位基准例如主要的表面将用于工件在夹具定位。 在关键任务设置规划或分