unit 4 语法定语从句

1.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe_allaboutthat.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.knew2.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown,3.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen4.Itseemsasifit_rain.A.willB.isgoingtoC.istoD.weregoingto,5.Tooursurprise,Garywasbehaving_nothinghadhappened.A.asthoughB.evenifC.thatifD.eventhough6.Themanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislipsasif_thathehadsomethingtotellthethedoctor.A.sayingB.havingsaidC.tosayD.tohavesaid,定语从句AttributeClause,必修一,Attribute(定语),1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.Whatsyourtelephonenumber?4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.,修饰；限定,honest,our,telephone,找出下列句中的定语。,beautiful,your,Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）,1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Sheisagirlwithlonghair.3.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.,通常情况下，单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。,一、概念,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as和关系副词when，where，why。关系词既联系定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分(主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语)。,在复合句中，修饰或限定某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：“的”）被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。,HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.,定语从句,先行词,关系代词,关系词,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,定语从句,关系代词：who、whom、that、which、whose,相关概念主句、从句、关系词,例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。定语从句相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词先行词先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。关系词关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。,相关概念主句、从句、关系词,例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中Thisistheboy.是主句。)定语从句相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(例句中，whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中theboy是先行词。)关系词关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中who是关系代词。),关系词的三个作用,作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词。2.看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分。,who,关系词的三个作用,作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。）1)Therearelotsofpeopleinthereadingroom,andmostof_waslostintheirreading.2)Therearelotsofpeopleinthereadingroom,mostof_waslostinthereading.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.them,D,A,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,例1.Theman_gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.,that/who,指人:that/who(主语),例2:Theboy_thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.,(who/whom/that),指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略),例3:Thecar_isredwasdamagedyesterday.,that/which,指物:that/which(主语),例4:Thequestion_Idontunderstandisaboutgrammar.,(that/which),指物:that/which(宾语,可省略),例5Thebook_coverisredismine.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.that,B,关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“的”whose+n.=then.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whomthen.,1.Thenurseiskind.2.Thenurselooksaftermysister.,Thenursewho/thatlooksaftermysisteriskind.,照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。,合并下列句子,照顾我妹妹的,1.ThegirlisfromAmerica.,2.Icalledherjustnow.,Thegirl(whom/that/who)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.,我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。,我刚才叫的,他正在看一本名叫飘的书。,名叫飘的,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中作主语或介词的宾语。如：HehaswrittenabookwhosenameIveforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookthenameofwhichIveforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookthenamethatIveforgottenthenameof.=HehaswrittenabookofwhichIveforgottenthename.,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,用适当的关系代词填空。1Thegirl_legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.2Those_wanttoseethefilmpleasewritedownyournameshere.3Theyaretalkingexcitedlyaboutthewritersandtheirbooks_interestthem.4Adictionaryisabook_givesthemeaningsofthewords.5.Themostimportantthing_weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_Ihavesaid.,whose,that,that,who,that,that/which,关系代词的选用,指物时必须用that而不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，much，little，few，none，theone等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。Weshouldhandinallthatwehave.(2)先行词前面有all，every，no，some，any，little，much，few，none，theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast以及序数词、形容词最高级等修饰词时。Thisistheonlythingthatwecando.ItsthebestfilmthathasbeenmadebyZhangYimou.Itisthefirstonethathewanted.,(3)先行词是两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的并列名词或词组时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawandmetduringthetrip.(4)主句是以who，which开头的疑问句时。Whoisthemanthattoldyouthenews?Whoisthemanthatyouspoketo?Whichisthecapthatyouhavedecidedtobuy?,只用which,who,whom的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指代人Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.(2)在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.(3)先行词本身是that时，关系词用which；先行词为those，one，he等指人的不定代词时多用who。Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what,Choosethebestanswers:,3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that,2.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,1.Whichisthebookyouboughtlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.whoD.which,1)Thecouplehavearrivedatthepoint_theyneedtobeseparatedforsometime.2)Thisistheverypoint_wemustinsiston.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what,C,A,All_weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what,Exercises:,3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose,5.Themostimportantthing_weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that,6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that,7.Whoistheperson_istalkingabouttheaccident_happenedonHighway104?A.which;whichB.who;whatC.that;thatD.what;what,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。1、when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Canyoustillrememberthateveningwhenwemetforthefirsttime？你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？DoyouknowthedatewhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded？你知道中华人民共和国成立的日子吗？,2、where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThisistheuniversitywhereGrandpastudied30yearsago.这是爷爷30年前就读过的大学。注意：关系副词where引导的定语从句有时先行词不是具体的地点名词,而是抽象名词position,stage,situation,case,occasion等。如：Hegotintoasituationwhereitwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.他陷入了一种难以分辨是非的局面。,3、why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Thereasonwhyherefusedthejobwasthathethoughtthesalarywastoolow.他拒绝那份工作的原因是他觉得工资太低了。Idontknowthereasonwhyhedidnttellittohisfather.我不知道他没有把这件事告诉他父亲的原因。,.,.,4、由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词名词”，即“whenon/in/during.(time);wherein/at/on.(place);whyfor.(reason)”，因此关系副词可换为“介词which”引导定语从句。如：Thatisthedaywhen/onwhichhedidtheexperiments.这就是他做实验的那一天。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichmyfatherusedtolive.这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。Thatisthereasonwhy/forwhichheisleavingverysoon.那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。,注意：在“介词which”结构中，介词的选择取决于which所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词短语与介词的搭配关系。如：Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(固定搭配turntosb.（forsth.）表示“（就某事或某物）求助于某人”)Thisisthefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedthreeyearsago.(搭配：onafarm)Hecantforgetthatmomentwhen/atwhichhesawhislong-lostchild.(搭配：atthatmoment),5、当表示人的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以用whom也可以用who和that，且可以省略；但当动词短语的介词提前时，就一定要用whom，且不能省略。如：,Hesthesinger(whom/who/that)welike.他是我们喜欢的歌手。,Hesthemantowhomshetalkedyesterday.他是她昨天与之交谈的人。,【例】Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths_thesailingtimewas226days.AofwhichBduringwhichCfromwhichDforwhich,用适当的关系副词或“介词which/whom”填空。1Iwillneverforgettheday_Iorganizedabirthdaypartyformymother.2Wehaventfoundagoodplace_wearegoingtoplaceournewsofa.3Thereason_herefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidntgivehimaninvitationearlier.4Theconferenceinv