南非采矿业：概览毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附 录The South African mining industry:An overviewc（Part）By J.J.Geldenhuys*Premier of the North-West Province,Mr Molefe,foreign dignitaries and guests,ladies and gentlemen.It is a pleasure and also a special honour for me to have been invited here this morning to make this address.The XV Congress of the Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions is,by its very nature,an extremely important event for the international minerals industry. But I believe that this specific Congress assumes an even greater significance because of the profound and far-reaching changes that have taken place in South Africa this year. These are exhilarating times ,a period when so much in out country hasaltered and when so much has to be done so quickly to build positively on our bold political decisions .Your Congress is taking place at the start of this critical building phase for South Africa,a phase which the mining industry is determined to contribute to in no small measure. And so ti is a special honour for me to make this address at such a vital time for the country and its mining interests.For more than a century now the mining industry has been the foundation of the South African economy .Today ,the industry remains robust ,energetic ,more innovative than ever,and still possessed of the capacity to be a reliable economic generator for this country and the region as a whole.Mining in this country is already ensconced in some of the challenges of our new era. South Africas mining houses,which for so long have been at the forefront of progress in mineral extraction,are researching new methods of enhancing production. They have already achieved technical breakthroughs to improve the safety of workers and ,on a broader front ,they are working on strategies to compete aggressively with growing international competition.I am pleased to report to you this mornig,that ,after a long drought our gold mining sector is buoyant and showing improving health.On an annualised basis ,working profit per kilogram of gold improved by 52.5 per cent last year. And,for the first six months of this year,working profits per kilgram rose another 16.2 per cent on the same period last year. This improvement has enabled the industry to re-evaluate its levels of capital expenditure and its strategies for new mining ventures.But, before I deal in more detail with the general state of the industry ,and in particular the outlook and the challenges for the nations gold mining operations ,mention must be made of the all-important relationship between our new Government and the miming industry.We are unequivocal in our belief that the mining industry can and must enter a cooperative replationship with Government .We believe such a relationship would not only be to the mutual benefit of both parties, but , would also help in the creation of an enticing and positive climate for investment in South Africa. In fact ,in recent days ,and specifically during a visit to Cape Town for the purpose ,the mining industry has indicated strongly to our elected leaders that it stands ready to use its diverse expertise to help the Government of National Unity to achieve its aims for a better life for all in partnership later.In an examination of the mining industrys broad contributionfinancial and otherwiseto the greater good of this country ,and its own economic state ,it remains clear that what was true a century ago remains true today:The mining industry is a mainstay of our economy both sa a foreign exchange earner and a direct and indirect contributor to the Gross Domestic Puoduct. It also remains a leading employer,in fact the second biggest behind the agricultural sector . In shot ,the industry has maintained,and in many ways reinforced , its capacity ot create wealth and employment.Last year the industry generated,through the exports of primary and beneficiated mineral products ,more than 60 per cent fo South Africas foreign exchange earnings , It was also directly resposible for 8.7 pen cent of GDP or, more spectacularly ,18 pen cent of GDP if the so called indirect backward and forward linkages were included.(Those linkages are the flow-on effects from mining into sectors such as manufac-turing,community services and electricity , and the effects of domestic industries making use of mining outputs such as coal .)Despite the protracted world recession and the generally depressed mineral markets ,the value of our mineral sales incpeased by 10.9 per cent to R46.7 billion last year .Our total export sales rose by 14.8 per cent ,and this was mainly the result of bigger exports of gold,platinum group metals ,iron ore and miscellaneous minerals ,among them diamonds .On a provincial basis ,latest statistics show that the impact of mining on economic growth in many of the provinces was significantly greater than the industrys contribution to the national or overall economy . In the Free State ,imning is responsible for about 20 pen cent of the Gross Geographic Product; in North-West Province ,our hosts , about 43 per cent ; in North Cape Province almost 27 per cent and in Eastern Transaal Province mining is responsible for more than 20 pen cent of GGP .For the record , the PWV , which has by far the smallest surface area in the country , produces some 23 pen cent , or R9.7 billon worth , of the nations minerals . Its mining and quarrying activities contribute a little over five per cent to its Gross Geographic Product.In conclusion ,the mining industry is determined to continue playing its economic anchor role in South Africa. We will create jobs and wealth ,both nationally and regionally ,wo will continue earing foreign exchange ,and we will build and sustain communities ,This determination is born of a faith in the political future of this country and its people .Political events in this country in the 90s, culminating in the breathtaking success of Aprils transfer of power a process of unimaginable political proportions a mere five or six years age stand as monuments to the qualities of all South African people .Their capacity for forgiveness ,their tolerance ,their pragmatism and their determination form sturdy foundations for bright ,new South Africa.This country has now achieved a stable political dispensation , in which, almost all of the inhibiting tensions of the bygone era unambiguous signs that the right climate is being created for sound and prosperous investmet in South Africa .We hope that our faith in this countrys future and out commitment to aiding its continued well-being will act as an incentive to potential investors the world over.Ladies and Gentlemen,this has always been a country of ingenuity ,a nation which puts great store in innovation.Now that the shackles have been broken to enable all its resources to be tapped,the sky is South Africas limit.Thank you . The South African mining industry:An overviewc:The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1994.SA ISSN 0038-223X/3.00+0.00. Address delivered at the opening plenary session of the XV CMMI Congress held at Sun City,South Africa on Monday, 5 September 1994.By J.J.Geldenhuys*：President,Chamber of Mines of South Africa南非采矿业：概览c（部分）By J.J.Geldenhuys*西北省议员， Molefe先生 ，外国政要和嘉宾，各位朋友。我很高兴，也特别荣幸，今天上午受邀到这里做这个讲座。召开第十五届采矿和冶金机构大会，由于其本身的性质，对国际矿业来说是一个极为重要的事件。但我认为，这一会议承担着更大的意义，因为南非的今天正发生深远的变化。这是一个令人振奋的时代，这个时期那么多的国家已经发生改变，为尽快做出积极的大胆决定，我们需要做很多的工作。这次大会正是在大幅度促进南非采矿业发展这一关键阶段召开的。在事关国家和矿业的利益的重要时刻来到这，这是我的一种特殊的荣誉。一个多世纪前，采矿业就已经成为南非经济的基础产业。今天，该行业依然强劲，充满活力，比以往任何时候都更具有创新性，并一如既往的是这个国家和该地区的可靠的经济发电机。南非的采矿业在我们这个时代隐藏着一些挑战。在矿物开采方面一直处于最前沿的南非采矿公司正在研究新的方法来提高产量。他们已经在改善工人的安全和其它广泛的领域取得了技术突破，他们正致力于积极参与日益增长的国际竞争的战略。今天早上我很高兴的向大家介绍在经历了长期的困难后，部分黄金采矿已经开始复苏并且正向健康方向发展。按年率计算，去年每千克黄金的利润增长了百分之52.5。并且，在今年的前六个月时间里，利润较去年同一时期增长了百分之16.2。这种发展促进了该行业对新的采矿投资的经费和战略进行重新评估。但在我叙述该行业更详细的总体状况，尤其是国家的黄金采矿业务的前景及挑战之前，先从我们的新政府与采矿业之间的重要关系说起。我们毫不含糊地相信采矿业必须注入一种与政府的合作关系。我们认为这种关系不仅是建立一种参与双方的互利关系，而且有助于在南非建立一种积极的投资环境。事实上，在最近几天里， 特别是通过对开普敦进行有目的的访问后，采矿业已经强烈的表现出要推选出能代表他们使用专业知识以帮助民族团结政府达到使人民生活更美好的目标的领导人。我将会在后面更多地叙述这种合作关系。在仔细的查看一下采矿业对这个国家的财政及其经济的广泛贡献之后，我们清楚的知道一百年前是这样子，现在也是这样子：采矿业是经济的主要支柱，是外汇的创造者，并且直接或间接的贡献于本地的商品交易。它仍然是一个主导的产业，是继农业之后的第二大产业。总之，该行业在许多方面一直保持领先，以创造财富和就业机会。去年该