纳米电子技术在军事领域的应用

无 锡 职 业 技 术 学 院毕业设计说明书（英文翻译）英文Nano-electronics applications in the military fieldNano-technology and nano-electronics Nanotechnology refers to the development of profiles in the 0.1 100 nm scale space of electrons, atoms, molecules and characteristics of the internal operating rules of the new technologies. July 1990, the First International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, held in Baltimore, marking the official birth of nanotechnology. It is the combination of modern science and technology product, involving almost all the existing basic science and technology, and nano-derived functional materials, nano electronics, nano-informatics, nano-biology, nano-mechanics, nano-significant micro-science, nano-chemistry, nano-physics and nano-science and other subjects measured. Microelectronics industry, according to Moores Law, every 18 months or so, doubling the speed of the chip, the size reduced by half . If the laws continue to work, then around 2010, the development of microelectronic technology will be close to its physical limits, because the nano-space electron wave nature of the clearly demonstrated to the micro electronic technology for the elementary particles challenges, therefore, nano electronic technology came into being. Nano-technology and microelectronics technology combined nanoelectronics appears, based on the latest physical theories and the most advanced technology means, in accordance with the idea to construct a new electronic system, can transcend the physical and technological limitations of integrated circuits, developed volume smaller, faster, lower power generation of quantum functional devices. At present, nano-NRW Research Consortium and the University of Essen, Germany, led many research institutions have developed single-electron nano-switch, that is, in nano-electronic circuits using a silicon semiconductor circuit to achieve 100 000 e can be achieved The links, off feature. IBM United States and Japan, Hitachi has successfully developed single-electron transistors. Scientists say that the circuit could become a future smaller, more accurate and less energy consumption based on the chip. When the scales from the micron down to nanometer level, the device will significantly improve integration, but also has a device of simple structure, high reliability and low cost several advantages. Microelectronics has been 70 years in the 20th century led to an information revolution; nanotechnology may be the next technological revolution of the core. Nano-electronics applications in the military technological revolution in the industrial revolution brought about the same time, it will definitely cause a major change in the military field. United States believes that nanotechnology is the future of the defense industry, the worlds major military powers, have also invested a lot of money to carry out development and testing, manufacturing, nano-weapons. Information technology as an important foundation for military military microelectronics, nanotechnology, if once supported, will enable to microelectronic technology as the representative of the modern information technology to nanotechnology and molecular devices represented a huge change in intelligent information technology. Nano-electronic technology of the future driving force of the field of military operations, will far exceed the current microelectronics technology on the impact of information warfare, will also lead the world in a real sense of the new military revolution, and the level of information warfare into the electronic newer, more advanced stage of development. Nano-computer system the computer is the core of information systems, and modern warfare systems can not do without the computer. Micro-nano technology to produce transistors and memory chips will allow the storage density, increase the computing speed and efficiency of hundreds of times, greatly reducing the computers size and weight, and power consumption but can be reduced to tens of parts per million today. Once this new computer with atomic precision to replace the existing computing equipment for military combat, will realize the information collection and processing capabilities of the revolutionary breakthroughs to improve the C4I system reliability, mobility, viability and effectiveness of work .Nano-technology aerospace and aviation in 1993 Nano-satellites, the U.S. Aerospace Corporation, held in Austria, 44th International Astronautical Congress, presented the nano satellites (mass of about 0.1 10 kg) concept. This satellite slightly larger than the sparrow, the quality of less than 10kg, all in various parts of nano-materials, using the most advanced micro-electromechanical integration, integration of technology integration, small size, light weight, survival ability, even if the attack is not lost all functions; developed low-cost, no large-scale experimental facilities and span of the plant; easy to launch, no large-scale launch vehicle, a small launch vehicle to launch thousands of satellites, if the interval in the upper sun-synchronous orbit 648 layout different functions of the nano-satellite satellites, can ensure that at any time to any point on the earth continuously monitored, even if a small number of satellite failures, the work of the entire satellite network will not be affected . Extremely rapid development of nano-satellites, the United States, Russia and other space powers, and many small countries have invested considerable resources and efforts stepped up the development. At present, Chinas first Na satellite is also being developed. The United States is the worlds most dependent on space capabilities of the armed forces, whether it is communication, and efficient surveillance and reconnaissance, or through the global satellite positioning system and operation of spy satellites to precision-guided weapons systems, satellites and other space facilities can not be separated. The rapid deployment of U.S. forces in the global, relying on satellite systems is also enormous. It is no exaggeration to say that every American now playing space war is war, if we can make it out of space resources, will greatly dampen the fighting capacity of the United States. Space Elevator Space war will become the next hot war, as is the Space Shuttle and the universe with a lower carrying capacity of the aircraft, the limited number of launches, security is also poor, the previous stage or end calls for U.S. scientists to suspend use of existing Space Shuttle. On the other hand, some developed countries are racing to develop to meet the operational needs of the new space vehicles in space. Bucky balls are made of 60 carbon atoms come together to form a football-like structure, developed on this basis, carbon nanotubes, the strength 100 times higher than that of steel, while steel weighs only 1 / 6, 50000 side by side carbon nanotubes together is equivalent to the diameter of a human hair. The structure of carbon nanotubes or similar materials are envisaged for the manufacture of space lift, the militarization of space applications in the future play an important role.Nano-aircraft reconnaissance and jamming system uses variety of micro-nano-technology aircraft capable of carrying a variety of detection equipment, information processing, navigation (with a small GPS receiver) and communications capabilities. American black widow super micro air vehicle no longer than 15cm, the cost of not more than 1,000 U.S. dollars, weight 50g, equipped with GPS, micro cameras and sensors and other sophisticated equipment. Mainz, Germany Institute of Technology scientists have successfully developed micro-miniature helicopter, long 24mm, High 8mm, weight 400 mg, small enough to park in a peanut. The main function of these nano-secret aircraft deployed to the enemy information systems and weapons systems within or near the monitor enemy situation, but also to enemy radar, communications and other electronic equipment, the implementation of effective interference. They can hover, fly, and difficult enemy conventional radar. It is also said to meet the all-weather combat, hundreds of kilometers away from its access to the information back to ones own missile launch site, directly guided missile target.Micro-electromechanical systems, Nano Weapons and nano-army in the military field, a large new development of weapons has always received special attention, however, nanotechnology and MEMS applications, will make it difficult to detect with the naked eye almost nano weapons leapt to the stage of war equipment. MEMS can be said that the core technology of nano-technology, nano-electronic technology is currently the most sophisticated applications. The so-called micro-electromechanical systems, mainly refers to the contour in the millimeter size, composition component size in the micron to nanometer level can be controlled, micro-mechanical movement of electronic devices. MEMS technology is not in the usual sense of the simple system miniaturization, because when each part is small to nano-scale after the macroscopic parameters such as size, weight and so become insignificant, but not with surface-related factors such as surface tension and the friction becomes essential. The physical properties of new nano-devices that are durable, high reliability. Japan is the use of nano-technology development of micro-electromechanical systems the largest investor in China, developed a 10-year development plan; the United States since 1994, will be included in MEMS technology, the Defense Technology Initiative, the key technology projects. Nearly 10 years, MEMS technology achieved a substantial breakthrough. Scientists have successfully made out of nano gear, nano-springs, nano-nozzles, micro-nano-bearings and other components, and on this basis is made of nano-engine. The diameter of this micro-engine is only 200 m, a drop of oil can be filled with four or five to ten this engine. At the same time, micro-sensors, micro actuators have also developed. The base unit together with the circuit, the interface to be composed of a complete MEMS system. The development of nanotechnology is making MEMS to reality, while the latter based on the magical Wizard, not only will change the status of our lives, but will dominate the stage for future wars. Micro-missiles as nano-devices work much faster than the semiconductor devices, MEMS manufacture of intelligent navigation system that allows guidance, navigation, propulsion, attitude control, energy and controlling a qualitative change, so that more small mini-missiles, remote technology and precision. This is only the size of the mini mosquito radio remote control directly affected by the missile, you can quietly sneak into the target internal, its powerful enough to blow up enemy artillery, tanks, aircraft, command and ammunition, the battle plays the magic performance. Currently, the United States, Japan, Germany, is developing a thin as hair sensor actuators, micro-missile development for the successful development of the technology development. Nano-Miniature Army This is a class like a soldier can perform a variety of military tasks ultra-miniature smart weapons and equipment, currently being developed is the implementation of reconnaissance and surveillance missions, destroy enemy computer networks, information systems, weapon fire control and guidance system of the spy grass, machine bug, pocket-sized remote control aircraft, soldier ants and micro-robots and other attacks. Such as soldier ants, which is a sound or otherwise controlled by the micro-robot, even smaller than ants, but with amazing destructive. Drilling through a variety of ways they can be the enemy weapons and equipment, the long-simmering down, once enabled will recount, and some special damage to the enemys electronic equipment to short circuit, destroyed; some as Bao Poshou, with special explosives goals; some release of various chemical agents, so that the enemy of metal embrittlement, fuel condensation or to enemy personnel nerve palsy, loss of combat effectiveness. If the soldier ants in conjunction with the micro-mines, but also the implementation of strategies to combat. According to the U.S. Department of Defense experts say, the U.S. developed a mini-army large-scale deployment is expected in 10 years.Nano-robot is the most tempting of nanotechnology important. Nano-nano robots will include a computer, this device can be man-machine dialogue once developed, can be completed within 1s with 10 billion operation. This robot can be used to make up for lack of military manpower, reduce the forces in the use of chemical and biological weapons and the risk of nuclear war, increase mobility, improve force automation. This will greatly change the way people view the war balance of power so that the future pattern of battle mode and a fundamental change. Man system of highly integrated information system as super-micro-nano-technology, high intelligence and other characteristics of the current vehicle, airborne electronic warfare systems and even weapons systems can be condensed to man-portable, the better concealment, attack stronger, and faster access to information systems, reconnaissance and surveillance accuracy is improved, and the systems weight is greatly reduced . Nanotechnology applications can significantly improve the soldier-man system, situational awareness, communications capabilities and lethality. 2025, a man of mass destruction may be the equivalent of a tank today. U.S. Army Land Warrior program through the soldier system, the digital communication capabilities available to a single infantry at the front and put them into the digital battlefield even, to share the advantages provided by the digitized battlefield. Land Warrior system is composed of five subsystems: Comprehensive wearing subsystems, weapons, subsystems, soldier computer / radio subsystem, protective clothing and individual equipment subsystem. By soldier computer / radio system, soldiers can receive the real time or near real-time commander of the order, or other information from the GPS receiver to receive target data source, location information data, and the battlefield situation, you can also collect their own intelligence return command; helmet will be equipped with dim light amplifiers, monitors, air conditioners and other equipment; battery has been a bottleneck in portable devices, and application of nanometer technology embedded fuel cell has been achieved preliminary results, which will man the system longer able to work continuously. In addition to the United States, the British Army infantry have a future technology plan; Dutch soldiers are being developed digital assistant; Australia, Canada, Russia and Israel have similar plans, programs will be 2005 to 2010 troops. In addition, by means of nanotechnology, the soldiers will also be developed protective clothing unprecedented functionality. March 2002, the Pentagon announced the future shirt MIT research project grants, and allocated for this project at least $ 50,000,000 of special research funding. This magic shirt with a special nano-materials, in addition to a hidden, anti-missile strikes, automatic treatment of other functions, but also have the perception of danger may come the ability, whether it is anthrax attack, or the bullets flying, jersey are able to react accordingly. If the nitrogen dioxide in the air suddenly increases, the helmet shirt will suddenly shut down in the mouth ventilation; if the distance to the soldiers was shot, bullet-proof shirt features will also be started because the bullet sparks when the launch , and this light can be perceived shirt, these are nano-sensor technology and nano-electronics technology widely used in the results. It is reported that future shirt will be the end of basic research in 2007 and started to experiment. Domestic and international nanotechnology development and deployment of state in the world, all countries have invested heavily in nanotechnology to seize the strategic high ground. January 2000, former U.S. President Bill Clinton speech at the California Institute of Technology announced the launch of National Nanotechnology Initiative, the Nano Technology with the development of the countrys most preferred position. To $ 500,000,000 U.S. government support for nanotechnology research and development budget, the nano program as the core of the next industrial revolution. Currently, the U.S. system has been assembled in the nano-structure, high surface area nano particles and nano-biology and synthesis leading position in nano-devices, nano-devices, ultra-precision engineering, ceramics and other structural materials are slightly lower than the EC ; 19 research institutes in Germany set up nanotechnology research network, in nano-materials, nano-measurement technology, ultra-thin film research and development has a strong advantage; Japan, in addition to continuing to promote nanotechnology have already started plans, annual investment of 200 million U.S. dollars to promote new national planning and construction of new research centers, has been in the nano-devices and nano-composite structure dominant in the field of molecular electronics technology has a strong power, after Germany; France decided to invest 10 2001 2005 million francs to establish an area of 8 hectares, construction area of 60,000 square meters, with 3,500 people in the micro / nano technology innovation center, equipped with the most advanced equipment and clean room, set up a micro-nanometer technology innovation center, the center now has and get into the actual operation phase of the preliminary research results; Britain is now thousands of companies, 30 universities, 7 research centers in nanotechnology research. In addition, Sweden, Australia, Sout