英语文学(考试题).doc

英语复习提纲一、听力（25）二、根据作家名写出每位作家的两部作品（注：作品不需要加书名号！）（5*2）1、Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里乔叟）：The House of Fame 、The book of the Duchess(已考)2、William Shakespeare（威廉莎士比亚）：Othello、Twelfth Night、Romeo and Juliet 、Hamlet3、John Milton （约翰弥尔顿）：Paradise Lost、Paradise Regained(已考)4、Daniel Defoe（丹尼尔笛福）：Roxana、Moll Flanders、Colonel Jack 5、William Blake（威廉布莱克）：Songs of Innocence、The Song of Los、The Songs of Experience6、Jane Austen（简奥斯汀）：Emma、Pride and Prejudice、Persuasion7、Hawthorne（霍桑）；Twice-Told Tales、The House of Seven Gables8、William Wordsworth（威廉华兹华斯）：Lucy poems、The Prelude(已考)9、Robert Burns（罗伯特伯恩斯）：The Tree of Liberty、A Red, Red Rose10、Percy Bysshe Shelley（雪莱）：Queen Mab、England in 181911、Charlotte Bronte （夏洛蒂勃朗特）：Jane Eyre、The Professor12、Emily Bronte （艾米莉勃朗特）：Wuthering Heights、Some Poems13、Anne Bronte(安妮勃朗特):The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 、Agnes Grey 14、Charles Dickens（查尔斯狄更斯）：Bleak House、Hard Times 三、选择题（10*2）1 Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeares four great tragedies? AA. Romeo and Juliet B. King Lear C. Hamlet D. Macbeth2. In _C_, Shakespeare has not only made a profound analysis of the social crisis in which the evils can be seen everywhere, but also criticized the bourgeois egoism.A. Hamlet B. OthelloC. King Lear D. Macbeth3. The sentence Shall I compare thee to a summers day? is the beginning line of one of Shakespeares _C_ .A. comedies B. tragediesC. sonnets D. histories4. Many people today tend to regard the play “The Merchant of Venice” as a satire of the hypocrisy of _A_ and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _. A. Christians/Jews B. Jews/ChristiansC. oppressors/oppressed D. people/Jews5. Miltons paradise Lost took its material from _ A _. A. the Bible B. Greek mythC. Roman myth D. French romance 6. Among the three major poetical works by John Milton, _A_ is the most perfect example of verse drama（叙事诗歌，诗剧） after the Greek style in English. A. Samson Agonistes B. Paradise Lost C. Paradise Regained D. Areopagitica 7.John Miltons greatest poetical work _B_ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. Areopagitica B. Paradise Lost C. Lycidas D. Samson Agonistes 8 Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in _A_.A. The Scarlet Letter B. The House of the Seven Gables C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The pioneers9. In The Scarlet letter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, The letter A has several symbolic meanings except _C_.A.Adultery B.AvengeC. Awake D. Angel10. Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over _A_.A. Ezra Pound B. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Robert Frost D. Emily Dickinson11“The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by _C_.A. T. S. Eliot B. Robert FrostC. Ezra Pound D. Emily Dickinson12. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT _ D_.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated言过其实的，夸张的 figures of speech13. The publication of _ C_ marked the beginning of Romantic Age.A. Don Juan(Byron) B. the Rime of the Ancient Mariner(Coleridge)C. The Lyrical Ballads D. Queen Mab（Shelley）14.All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT _D_.A. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud B. An Evening WalkC. Tinter Abbey丁登寺 D. The Solitary Reaper(已考)15. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic警句式的 line by _D_.A. J. Keats B. W. Blake C. W. Wordsworth D. P.B. Shelley16. Which is Shelleys masterpiece? BA. Queen Mab B. Prometheus UnboundC. Prometheus Bound D. The Revolt of Islam 17. The Father of American detective story is _B_.A) Herman MelvilleB) Edgar Allan PoeC) Mark TwainD) Nathaniel Hawthorne18. Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of _C_ , poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A. blank verse B. heroic coupletC. free verse D. iambic pentameter 19.Walt Whitman believed, by means of “_A_,” he has turned poetry into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play. A. free verse B. strict verseC. regular rhyming D. standardized rhyming 20. The themes of Whit Whitmans poems include the following except _D_.A) democracy B) the cultureC) the land D) the race 21. Emily Dickinsonwrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? DA）Defeat and pain B）Nature and deathC）Love and passion D）War and peace22. _A_ is the most common foot in English poetry. A）The iamb抑楊格 短長格 B）The anapest抑抑扬格C）The trochee扬抑格 D）The dactyl扬抑抑格四、名词解释（2*5）（补考的可能性比较大）1、Humanism人道主义 Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. It reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. Humanists emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life and believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders by removing all the external checks by the exercise of reason. They also expressed their rebellious spirit against the tyranny of feudal rule and ecclesiastical domination. 以人为本是关键音符文艺复兴时期。它反映了新的前景资产阶级上升。人文主义强调人的尊严和现在的生活的重要性，并相信那人不仅要享受这种生活之美的权利，但必须完善自己，并通过删除所有的外部检查，以创造奇迹的能力演习的原因。他们还表示反对封建统治和教会统治的暴政叛逆精神。2、Heroic Couplet英雄对联Heroic couplet refers to iambic pentameter lines rhymed in pairs. The Rhyme scheme is aa, bb, cc, dd, and so on. It is named from its use by John Dryden and others in the heroic drama of the late 17th century. It was established earlier by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative poetry, and dominated English poetry of the 18th century. It is called “heroic” because in England, it is usually used in heroic poems. 英雄对联是指押韵成对五音步抑扬格线。押韵格式为AA，BB，CC，DD，等等。它是从它的由约翰德莱顿等人在剧中英雄17世纪后期的使用命名。稍早成立由乔叟作为主要英语诗歌形式的叙事诗，并主导了18世纪英国诗歌。它被称为“英雄”，因为在英格兰，它通常是在英雄的诗用3、Lake Poets湖畔诗人Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were called the Lake Poets, because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England, and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their work. All three of them had radical inclinations in their youth but later turned conservative.华兹华斯，柯勒律治和骚塞被称为湖畔诗人，因为他们住在英格兰西北部五大湖区知道，在过去的几年里在18世纪的彼此，共同的文学和社会面貌社区在他们的工作。他们三个有激进倾向在自己的青春，但后来转向保守。（补考的可能性比较大）4、The Renaissance文艺复兴The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Roman and Greek) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Indeed, a great number of the works of classical authors were translated into English during the 16th century. The study and propagation of classical learning and art was carried on by the progressive thinkers of the humanists. They held their chief interest not in ecclesiastical (教会) knowledge, but in man, thats to say, The most significant idea of the Renaissance is humanism. They pay close attention to their environment and doings and bravely fought for the emancipation (解放) of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.在文艺复兴一词原先标明的经典（罗马和希腊）的艺术和科学的黑暗时代的中世纪蒙昧主义后的复兴。事实上，古典作家的作品大量在16世纪被翻译成英文。经典的学习和艺术的研究和传播进行由人文主义的进步思想家。他们认为他们的主要兴趣不在教会的知识，但在人，这是说，文艺复兴时期的最显著的想法是人文主义。他们密切关注他们的环境和行为，勇于争取的人从教会和宗教教条的暴政中解放。(已考)5、Enlightenmet启蒙运动The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.启蒙运动于一体，是当时先进阶级资产阶级反对封建主义的斗争的一种表现。启蒙反抗阶级不平等，停滞，偏见和封建主义的其他残余。他们试图把科学的所有分支在人类的服务通过与实际行动和人民的要求，连接它们。(已考)6、Romanticism浪漫主义English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical 新古典主义reason. The French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism. The romanticists express a negative attitude towards the existing social or political conditions. They place the individual at the center of art, as can be seen from Lord Byrons Byronic Hero. The key words of English Romanticism are nature and imagination. Sincerity, spontaneity, and originality became the new standards in literature, replacing the imitation of classical models favored by the 18th century neo-classicism. 英国浪漫主义是对新古典主义的原因，英语想象的反抗。的1789年至1794年的法国大革命和英国工业革命产生于英国浪漫主义很大的影响。浪漫主义表达对现有的社会或政治状况持否定态度。他们将个人在艺术的中心，这可以从拜伦的拜伦式英雄可以看出。英国浪漫主义的关键词是自然和想象力。以诚待人，自发性（自发性），及原创成为文学的新标准，取代了18世纪的新古典主义的青睐经典款的仿制品。7、Byronic Hero拜伦式英雄Byronic Heroes, refer to the men exemplified in the writings of Lord Byron. With fiery passions and unbending will, the heroes express the poets own ideal of freedom. These heroes rise against tyranny and injustice , but they are merely lonely fighters striking for personal freedom and some individualistic purposes. 拜伦式英雄，是指体现在拜伦勋爵的著作的人。随着火热的激情和不屈的意志，英雄表达了诗人自己的自由的理想。这些英雄们奋起反抗暴政和不公，但他们只是孤独的战士惊人的个人自由和个人主义的一些目的。五、文本分析（2*15）（补考的可能性比较大）1、HamletTo be, or not to be that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them. To dieto sleepNo more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to. tis a consummationDevoutly to be wishd. to die to sleepto sleepperchance to dream: ay, theres the rub！For in that sleep of death what dreams may comewhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,must give us pause. Theres the respectthat makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,Thoppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely,the pangs of despisd love, the laws delaythe insolence of office, and the spurnsthat patient merit of thunworthy takes,when he himself mighty his quietus makewith a bare bodkin? Who would these fardels bear,to grunt and sweat under a weary life, 生存，毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世无边的苦难，通过斗争把他们扫清。死了，睡了，什么都完了。要是在这一种睡眠中心头的巨痛和无人能避免的打击都可以消失，那是我们求之不得的结局。可睡了，也许还会做梦。唉，最难就在这。当我们摆脱了这一具腐朽的皮囊后我们应该得到安宁，它使人们甘心久困于患难之中。谁愿意忍受人世间无尽的鞭殆和嘲弄压迫者的凌辱，傲慢无礼的冷眼，爱情背叛的凄痛，官吏的横暴，有才能者被无德小人取代，要是他只用一枚小小的刀子就可以清算自己的一生，谁愿意担这样的重担，在烦劳的生命下呻吟流汗。Appreciation This passage is selected from Act 3, Scene 1 in Hamlet, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. This famous soliloquy presents an image of a weak, meditative沉思的 and melancholic忧郁的 Hamlet. In the previous Act, Hamlet had learned about the crime of his uncle from the ghost. However, due to his suspicion of the ghost and his love for his mother, he decided to perform a play to check whether his uncle was a real murderer. After Hamlet learns about the truth of his fathers death, he has been tormented by his fathers death and his mothers hasty marriage, but he doesnt know how to take revenge effectively. Therefore, he thinks of ending such troubles and pains by suicide. However, thinking of the unknown world after death, Hamlet hesitates. In his monologue in Act 3, Hamlet expressed his view on the issue of death and living. Hamlet is asking which is more preferable, to suffer in ones own mind or take a stand against the troubles. He realizes that the situation he is in now is forcing his hand to act he either must remain quiet and forget all that happened, or must work to expose and kill his uncle. Hamlets dilemma is the pain of life that he must endure or the uncertainty of death. We see that Hamlet is dissatisfied with life and lists many things that trouble him but he is not sure what death will bring him. He is thinking that the experience of death itself maybe worse than life itself. Hamlet knows that the church forbids suicide because your soul will be in eternal damnation. For Hamlet, death is an undiscovered country where no traveler returns.这段话是从第三幕，场景1中哈姆雷特，莎士比亚写一个悲剧选中。这个著名的独白呈现弱，冥想和忧郁的哈姆雷特的形象。在前面的法案，哈姆雷特已经了解了他的叔叔从鬼的罪。然而，由于他的鬼魂和他爱他的母亲的怀疑，他决定进行播放以检查他的叔叔是否是一个真正的凶手。在哈姆雷特得知关于他的父亲去世的真相，他一直折磨他的父亲去世，他的母亲的草率结婚，但他不知道如何有效地进行报复。o因此，他认为结束这样的烦恼和痛苦自杀的。然而，对未知世界的死后思想，哈姆雷特犹豫。在他的法3独白，哈姆雷特表达了他对死亡和生活的问题。哈姆雷特是问哪个更可取，挨在自己的心灵或立场，反对的烦恼。他意识到自己是在现在的形势迫使他的手行事 - 他要么必须保持安静，忘记所发生的一切，还是必须努力揭露和杀死他的叔叔。哈姆雷特的困境是生命，他必须忍受或死亡的不确定性的痛苦。我们看到，哈姆雷特是不满意的生活，并列出很多事情麻烦他，但他不知道该怎么死会给他带来。他认为死亡的经验本身比生命本身可能变得更糟。哈姆雷特知道，教会禁止自杀，因为你的灵魂将在永恒的诅咒。对于哈姆雷特，死亡是一个未被发现的国家，没有一个旅人回来过。（补考的可能性比较大）2、THE LAMBLittle Lamb who made thee小羊羔，谁创造了你？Dost thou know who made thee你知道是谁创造了你？Gave thee life & bid thee feed. 给你生命，把你喂养By the stream & oer the mead; 在溪流旁的草场；Gave thee clothing of delight, 给你柔软，发亮Softest clothing wooly bright; 毛绒绒的衣裳；Gave thee such a tender voice, 给你这样柔美的声音Making all the vales rejoice: 使所有的山谷都欢畅？Little Lamb who made thee?Dost thou know who made thee?Little Lamb, Ill tell thee,Little Lamb, Ill tell thee！He is called by thy name,(他的名字和你一样)For he calls himself a Lamb: ,(他也称自己为羊羔)He is meek &he is mild,他既温顺又和蔼，He became a little child:他变成了一个小小孩I a child &thou a lamb,我是小孩，你是羊羔We are called by his name.我们的名字和他一样Little Lamb, God bless thee.Little Lamb, God bless thee.AppreciationThis passage is selected from William Blakes poem “The Lamb”, which is included in Songs of Innocence. In the first stanza, by asking the question, “Little Lamb, who made thee”, the poet reminds the readers of the creation of the world, thus reminds us of the image of God who is the creator of all things in the world. Then, the poet gives a description of the little, gentle, and innocent lamb. This is not only a praise for the gentle, innocent creature, but also the praise for the Gods kindness in creation. In the second stanza, the poet answers the question himself. The Lamb is a symbol for Jesus Christ, the Son of God. By using symbolic language, the poet compares Jesus to a lamb and a child, because in Christianity, Jesus is compared both to a lamb going to the sacrifice and to a shepherd who protects his flock of lambs and sheep, and Bibles depiction of Jesus in his childhood shows him as guileless正直的 and vulnerable易受伤害的.这段话是从威廉布莱克的诗“羔羊”，它包括在天真之歌选中。在第一节中，通过询问问题，“小羊羔，谁创造了你”，诗人想起了创造世界的读者，从而让我想起神的形象是谁在世界万物的创造者的我们。接着，诗人给少，温柔，天真羊肉的描述。这不仅是个好评的温柔，天真的动物，也是好评，为上帝造物的好意。在第二个段落，诗人回答了这个问题他自己。羔羊是耶稣基督，神的儿子的象征。通过使用符号语言，诗人比较耶稣的羔羊和一个孩子，因为在基督教，耶稣相比既羊羔去祭祀与一个牧羊人谁保护他的羔羊和羊群，和耶稣在圣经中所描写他的童年显示他的朴实正直的和脆弱易受伤害的。(已考)3、A Red, Red RoseO, my luves like a red, red rose, 啊，我爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰，Thats newly sprung in June. 它在六月里初开；O, my luves like the melodie, 啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，Thats sweetly playd in tune. 它美妙地演奏起来 As fair art thou, my bonie lass, 你是那么漂亮，美丽的姑娘，So deep in luve am I, 我爱你是那么深切；And I will luve thee still, my dear, 我会一直爱你，亲爱的，Till a the seas gang dry. 一直到四海枯竭。 Till a the seas gang dry, my dear,一直到四海枯竭，亲爱的，And the rocks melt wi the sun, 到太阳把岩石烧化；O, I will luve thee still, my dear, 我会一直爱你，亲爱的，While the sands o life shall run. 只要生命之流不绝。 And fare thee weel, my only luve, 再见吧，我唯一的爱人，And fare thee weel a while！让我和你小别片刻； And I will come again, my luve, 我会回来的，亲爱的，Though it were ten thousand mile！即使我们万里相隔。AppreciationThe passage is selected from A Red, Red Rose, a love lyric written by Robert Burns. In the first stanza, the speaker presents the beauty of his love by using two similes, the first comparing his love to a rose and the second comparing his love to a melody. The speaker also uses repetition to echo his sentiments-my luves like in lines 1 and 3; thats newly and thats sweetly in lines 2 and 4. In the second stanza, the speaker addresses the young lady as bonnie (pretty). Bonnie is derived from the French word bon (good).In the last line of the stanza, a means all and gang means go. This line is a figure of speech that exaggerates. In the third stanza, the speaker links the first line of the third stanza with the last line of the second stanza by repetition. The speaker continues hyperbole in the second and fourth lines. He also again relies on repetition in the third line by repeating the third line of the second stanza. In the last stanza, the speaker again addresses his beloved, noting that though he must leave her for a while he will return for her even if he must travel ten thousand miles. Fare-thee-weel means fare thee well. 该通道是由一个红色的，红玫瑰，爱抒情写罗伯特彭斯选中。在第一节中，扬声器通过使用两个比喻，第一个他比较爱的玫瑰，第二他的爱比作旋律介绍了他的爱情之美。该音箱还采用重复呼应他的情绪 - 我的爱人就像在线路1和3;这是新的，这就是甜蜜的线2和4。在第二个段落，扬声器解决了年轻女士为邦妮（漂亮）。邦妮是从法语单词碳（不错）得出。在本节的最后一行，一是指所有与黑帮手段去。此行是言语夸大的数字。在第三个段落，扬声器连接第三个段落的第一行与第二个诗节由重复的最后一行。扬声器夸张继续在第二行和第四行。他还再次通过重复第二段落的第三行依赖于重复中的第三行。在最后一节，喇叭又解决了自己心爱的，并指出，虽然他必须离开她一会儿，他将返回她的，即使他必须前往万英里。票价 - 你 - 韦勒欣意味着再会吧。4、She Walks in BeautyShe walks in beauty, like the night她在美中行Of cloudless climes and starry skies; 像静夜万里无云，繁星满天，And all thats best of dark and bright一切明暗交织的美Meet in her aspect and her eyes: 在她的容颜和双眸中汇合，Thus mell