英语：unit3(scienceversusnature)资料(1)(译林牛津版5).ppt

英语：unit3(scienceversusnature)资料（1）（译林牛津版5）,usedasanadjectiveoradverb,Grammarandusage,制作:刘巧芬,edverb,1.只有一种形式(规则+ed;不规则要记),3.有动词和形容词,副词的性质,2.表被动(vt.)或完成(vt.&vi.),过去分词,Features:,PastParticiple,4.stand/sit/lie+v-ed-表两个动作同时发生.,Theystoodtalkingtoeachother.Fortunately,shejustlaytrappedunderthebuilding.,1.作定语,3.作表语,2.作宾补,过去分词,Usage:,4.作状语,1.过去分词作定语,1.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.=Mostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.2.IfIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbaby.=IfIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveababywhoiscloned.,过去分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词是逻辑上的被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。,Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeopleshealth.Ithinkthescientificadvancesmentionedinyourarticleareinteresting.,单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；分词短语则放在之后。,thehighlypraisedscientistthefallenleavesthecompletedbuilding,=thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraised,=theleavesthathavefallen,=thebuildingthathasbeencompleted,多数情况下,及物动词的过去分词可以表示完成和被动含义；不及物的过去分词则表示完成。,在礼堂里做演讲的教授在田间劳作的农民持续半个小时的会议朝街的大楼,theprofessorgivingaspeechinthehall,thefarmersworkinginthefield,themeetinglastinghalfanhour,thebuildingfacingthestreet,现在分词表主动,表正在进行,2.过去分词作表语,1.Tomsoundsverymuch_inthejob,butImnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interesting2.Heseemsquitedelightedatthenews.3.Theglassisbroken.(系表结构),表示主语所处的状态。很多过去分词已完全具备形容词的特征。,A,delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的,disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的,encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的,pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的,satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的,surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的,worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的,tiring令人疲倦的-tired感到疲倦的,boring令人厌烦的-bored感到厌烦的,试比较:,Inoticedan_(amaze)difference.Iwas_(amaze)atthegreatdifferences.但:1)Her_(frighten)voicesuggestedshewas_(frighten).2)Weknewfromhis_(disappoint)lookthathedidntpassthetest.2.Canyoutellmewhythe_sunlooksmuchbiggerthanthe_sun?(rise)3.The_newsmadeher_.(upset)4.Theboywasmore_(frighten)than_(hurt).,amazing,amazed,frightened,frightened,disappointed,rising,risen,upsetting,upset,frightened,hurt,3.过去分词作宾补,1.Hefelthisfacelostbeforehisfriends.MyfamilyheardmypoembroadcastbytheBBC.Iwantthisworkfinishedbytomorrow.Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntous,please?Youshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Iwillnevergetallthisworkfinished.,Tips:过去分词作宾补常用于以下情况：1.用在表示感觉或心理状态词语:feel,hear,see,notice,observe,watch等。2.使役动词的词语：leave,make,get,have,keep等。,4.过去分词作状语,1.Tiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.2.Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.3.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.4.Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.5.Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.,原因状语,原因状语,条件状语,时间状语,伴随状语,1.Tiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Becausehewastiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.2.Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.=IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.,3.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.4.Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.=Theteachercameinandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.5.Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.,=Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintoacar.,Hewillnotcomeunlessinvited.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Imdoingmyhomeworkasrequested.,过去分词作状语时，前面常有unless,when,if,while,though,asif等连词，这样就能使过去分词短语所表示的意思更加明确。,(作条件状语),(作让步状语),(作方式状语),Allofthesesubjectarethesameasthoseinthemainclause.Ifitisnotthesame,weshoulduse“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成的独立结构Thehousedestroyed,theyhadtoliveintheshelter.Abookinhand,hewentintotheclassroom.=Hewentintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.,1.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.2.Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.3.Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.4.Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidntgetenoughfood.5.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,规律(一):分词:现在分词/过去分词现在分词表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致,规律(二):当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone,如果表被动则用havingbeendone,Exercise,Canyouchangethefollowingattributiveclausesintoverb-edform?,(1)Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled.(2)Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce.(3)Thekidnapperswereusingacarwhichwasstolen.,Canyouchangethefollowingattributiveclausesintoverb-edform?,(1)Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled.,Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.,(2)Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce.,Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.,(3)Thekidnapperswereusingacarwhichwasstolen.,Thekidnapperswereusingastolencar.,Thedark-hairedmanwentintotheroom.,4.Themanwhowasdark-hairedwentintotheroom.,(5)Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.,Thenamementionedintheletterwasknowntome.,(6)Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.,Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.,(7)Frightenedbythescene,thegirldidnotdaregooutalone.,Becauseshewasfrightenedbythescene,thegirldidnotdaregooutalone.,(8)Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.,Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.,(9)Unlessinvited,Iwillnotgototheparty.,UnlessIaminvited,Iwillnotgototheparty.,链接高考,1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.（2000全国）AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout,2._thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.,GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven,3.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_atthemeetingbymyboss.（04全国IV）,questioningB.havequestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned,4.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.（05天津卷）,explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained,5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（02全国）,BeginshavingbegunBeginningbegun,6._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice(05江苏卷),HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,7._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.（05湖南卷）,DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed,8.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.（04重庆）,worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry,9._intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.（05上海卷）,PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput,10._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.（04湖北）,ACompareBWhencomparing,CComparingDWhencompared,11._bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.（04辽宁）,AAttractingBAttractedCTobeattractedDHavingattracted,12.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.（04全国II）,A.introducingB.introducedC.IntroduceD.beingintroduced,13._andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.(2006全国),A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising,Consolidation,I.Multiplechoice:,-Whatsthelanguage_inNewZealand?,-English.,speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak,2.Thecar_inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow.,producedB.producingC.toproduceD.whichproduced,3.-Youdbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_.It