XX考研英语阅读精析八

XX考研英语阅读精析八 Unit3学习能力 Text1 正文 The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults. To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results: On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives. About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional oupations. The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents. In a material way they did not do badly either. Average ine was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their parative youth. In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality. Text1 习题 1. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is _. A true in all senses B refuted by the author C medically proven D a belief of the author 2. The survey of bright children was made to _. A find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults B prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years C discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted D prove that talented children never burn themselves out 3. Intelligence tests showed that _. A bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy B between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence C talented children were most likely to bee gifted adults D when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores Text1全文翻译 聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽”从而变得一事无成甚至患有精神疾病，这种旧有的说法是没有根据的。事实上，聪明的孩子的杰出之处在于他们很可能在成年后还是很聪明的。 为了验证这一结论，实验跟踪监测了1,500名有天赋的人，这个实验一直进行到他们35岁为止，结果发现： 在成人智力测试上，他们的得分同他们孩提时的得分一样高。作为一个群体，他们身心状况良好。在这个群体中，有84%的人已经结婚了而且似乎对自己的生活感到满意。 虽然只有30%的人是优秀毕业生，但大学毕业的人数约为70%。虽然有几个人曾中途退学，但是其中将近一半的人又重新返回了学校并毕业。其中男性中的80%的人在专业领域、企业管理或是半专业领域里从事工作。而其中仍为单身的女性也在办事处、企业或专业领域工作。 这群人已经编著了90本书并在科学、学术以及文学杂志上发表了1500篇文章以及拥有100多项专利权。 在现实生活中，他们也表现良好。这群天资禀赋之人，尤其是其中的男人，虽然比较年轻，但与全国其他人相比，他们的平均收入却高得多。 事实上，不足为奇，大多数的天才都会将其早年的迹象转化为现实。 Text1 重点句 About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors.A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs.The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional oupations. 该句意义： 这段中，使用了列数字的方法，为文章的论点提供了详实的论据，即上大学的比例，男性的成功比例，和女性的成功比例。这种列数字的方法，是英语二的图表作文中最常考察的，所以各位同学可以加以注意，也可以使用其在自己的作文中。 该句语法： (1)让步状语从句：though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. (2)定语从句：The women who had remained Text1 习题答案 答案:BAC 1. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is _. 1. 聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽“这种旧有的说法_。 A true in all senses A 在任何意义上来说都是正确的 B refuted by the author B 被作者驳斥了 C medically proven C 是有医学根据的 D a belief of the author D 是作者的一种信仰 2. The survey of bright children was made to _. 2. 对聪明的孩子进行调查是为了_. A find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults A 查明这些有天赋的孩子成年后的状况如何 B prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years B 证明聪明的孩子年少时就会“江郎才尽” C discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted C 得到这些天才儿童中患精神疾病的人的比例 D prove that talented children never burn themselves out D 证明天才儿童永远都不会“江郎才尽” 3. Intelligence tests showed that _. 3. 智力测试表明_。 A bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy A 聪明的孩子是不可能精神正常的 B between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence B 从孩提到成年智力丧失很严重的 C talented children were most likely to bee gifted adults C 天才儿童成年后最可能成为有才华的人 D when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores D 当天才儿童成年后很难取得成就 Unit3成长历程 Text2 正文 The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nieenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society. In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence. Text2 习题 1. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because _. A the definition of maturity has changed B the industrialized society is more developed C more education is provided and laws against child labor are made D ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance 2. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to _. A graduations from schools and colleges B social recognition C socio-economic status D certain behavioral changes 3. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is _. A eleven years old B sixteen years old C twenty-one years old D between twelve and twenty-one years old 4. Starting from 22, _. A one will obtain more basic rights B the older one bees, the more basic rights he will have C one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21 D one will enjoy more rights granted by society 5. Aording to the passage, it is true that _. A in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed B no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one C one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a drivers license D one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army Text 2全文翻译 青春期，也就是童年与成年之间的这段时期，可长可短。其长短取决于社会期望值和社会对成熟和成年的定义。原始社会中，青春期通常是相当短的一段时期。而在工业化社会里，由于人们接受教育时间的延长以及反童工法的制定，青春期要长很多，它包含了人生中第二个十年(十岁到二十岁)的大部分时间。另外，在某一社会中，青春期的长度和成年地位的定义可能会随 * 条件的改变而改变。这种变化譬如：19世纪后期，美国乃至所有由农业化走向工业化的国家里不再存在青春期和成年期的界限。 现代社会中，青春期的各种仪式已不被正式认可，也不再具有象征意义，人们对其“开始仪式”也不再有统一的认识。社会仪式已经被一系列的“阶段”所取代，这些“阶段”将使人得到更多的认可和更高的社会地位。例如，小学毕业，中学毕业，大学毕业就形成了这样一个系列。每一个“阶段”都意味着某些行为变化和一定的社会认可度，其意义大小则取决于个人的 * 地位和受教育的目标。青春期的各种仪式也已经被法律意义上的地位、权利、特权、和责任所取代。从12岁生日起到21岁生日这九年之间，逐渐去除了儿童时代受到的保护和限制和较低的社会地位，同时又逐渐被赋予成年人的权利和责任。人到了12岁就不再被看作孩子，乘火车、飞机、或去剧院、电影院时必须买全票。基本上可以这样说，这一年龄的个人失去了儿童的特权，却没有得到明显的成年人权利。16岁的青少年会得到某些成人的权利，通过得到更多的自由和选择而提高社会地位。他可以获得驾照;可以离开公立学校;可以不再受童工法的限制。18岁时，他可以得到法律认可的成人权利和义务;可以参军，可以在不得到父母的允许的情况下结婚。21岁时，他会得到成年人完全的法律权利。他可以投票，可以买酒，可以签署商业合同，可以有权竞选公职。进入成年状态后，就不再因为年龄的增长而享受到更多的权利。所有法律条款都没有决定到底什么年龄算是进入成年，但它们的确表明青春期延长了。 Text2 重点句 The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. 该句意义： 该段落通过下定义和作比较的方法，对于青春期做出了相关的说明。这种方法我们可以将青春期这种时间可以转化为其他的时间，即可以直接应用于写作之中。 该句语法： (1)英语缩略语：“ i.e.”其为拉丁语“id est“的缩写。其意义为：也就是;即。 (2)非谓语动词做状语： depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. 可翻译为：取决于 (3)宾语从句：to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. Text2 习题答案 答案:CACCA 1. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because_. 1. 工业社会中的青春期变长许多的原因是_。 A the definition of maturity has changed A 成熟的定义发生了改变 B the industrialized society is more developed B 工业化社会更加发达。 C more education is provided and laws against child labor are made C 人们所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定 D ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance D 青春期的各种仪式已不再得到正式承认，且失去了其象征意义。 2. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to_. 2. 先前用于标志青春期的社会仪式已经被_所取代。 A graduations from schools and colleges A 从各类学校毕业 B social recognition B 社会认可 C socio-economic status C * 地位 D certain behavioral changes D 某些行为变化 3. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is_. 3. 若要享受完全的成年人特权，必须达到_。 A eleven years old A 11岁 B sixteen years old B 16岁 C twenty-one years old C 21岁 D between twelve and twenty-one years old D12到21岁之间。 4. Starting from 22, _. 4. 从22岁开始，_。 A one will obtain more basic rights A 个人会得到更多的基本权利 B the older one bees, the more basic rights he will have B 一个人越老，拥有的基本权利越多 C one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21 C 个人的基本权利将不会比21岁时有所增加。 D one will enjoy more rights granted by society D 人们将享有社会赋予的更多的权利 5. Aording to the passage, it is true that_. 5. 根据文章内容，_。 A in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed A 19世纪晚期，美国已不再有青春期和成年期的划分 B no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one B 直到21岁，人们才可以在不得到父母的情况下结婚 C one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a drivers license C 获得驾照的人就可以算是成人了 D one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army Unit3成长历程 Text3 正文 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding - the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal.” Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children - the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children - disabled or not - to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. Text3 习题 1. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are C exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society D the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 2. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that _. A they are expected to be leaders of the society B they might bee a burden of the society C they should fully develop their potentials D disabled children deserve special consideration 3. This passage mainly deals with _. A the differences of children in their learning capabilities B the definition of exceptional children in modern society C the special educational programs for exceptional children D the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 4. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children _. A is now enjoying legal support B disagrees with the tradition of the country C was clearly stated by the countrys founders D will exert great influence over court decisions Text3全文翻译 特殊儿童在一些重要的方面不同于其他同龄的孩子。对于这些孩子来说，要把他们全部的成熟的潜力开发出来，他们所受的教育就必须适应那些差异。 虽然我们关注的是特殊儿童的需要，但却发现我们也在描述他们的生活环境。当舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力后，我们也意识到配角及戏剧场景的重要性。特殊儿童所处的家庭及社会环境常常是他们成长和发展的关键。正是在公立学校里我们感受到了社会知性的充分体现向下一代传授知识、希望和恐惧。 任何社会的教育都是反映该社会的一面镜子。在这面镜子里，我们可以看到优点、弱点、希望、偏见，以及文化本身的核心价值。过去30年间公共教育表现出的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈情绪，即所有公民，不论情况怎么特殊，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。 “人人生来平等”。这句话我们已听过无数次，但在民主社会它对教育仍然有着极其重要的寓意。尽管这句话被国家建立者们用来表示法律面前人人平等，它也被解释为机会面前人人平等。这个概念暗示了所有儿童都有接受教育的机会即每个儿童，不管其本身的能力大小与否，都有权利在学习上最大限度地得到帮助。最近的法庭裁决已再次确定了所有儿童不论残疾与否都有接受适当的教育的权利，并已命令公立学校采取必要的措施来提供这种教育。作为回应，学校也在调整课程安排，使授