高中英语名词性从句详细讲解PPT精选文档

1,名词性从句,2,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,3,辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.2.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.3.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.4.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.5.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU.S.6.ItisimpossiblethatIgoandattendthemeeting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,4,That/wh-clause+v+主语从句S+be/link.v+that/wh-clause表语从句S+vt+that/wh-clause宾语从句S+vi+prep+wh-clause宾语从句,5,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why,1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义，宾语从句中可省略2。不充当介宾3。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。4.thatwhether,if,asif,asthough（以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,6,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1.It作形式主语,It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.,7,1.It+be+形容词that从句,Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat,2.It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntousallthat.众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定,3.It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,4.It+不及物动词that从句,Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,8,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that,9,what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。例如：1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.2)_sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.,Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.,Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.,What,That,2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别,10,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,Thattheywillcome_certain.,2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,3.注意,is,are,is,11,1_intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2006北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how,Exercises,12,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.,2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,3.Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.,宾语从句,(作动词的宾语),(作介词的宾语),(作形容词的宾语),13,注意1：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。,14,2.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。,15,Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?,16,3.宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：,Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.(已经完成了工作),时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.(),hadfinished,注意,17,4.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.,18,Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.them,A,B,B,C,19,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis_wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis_wecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains_wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason_heislateforschoolis_hemissedtheearlybus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that,20,四同位语从句,1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.,21,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,22,Exercises,1.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(2006上海春季)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why2.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005辽宁)A.thatB.whatc.asD.which3.Thereisafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichc.ofwhichD.what4.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as,23,(1)Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis,B,C,I.语序问题,考点归纳,D,归纳,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用_的语序。,陈述,24,II.用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用if；b.后面紧跟ornot时,用_.,归纳,whether,whether,25,III.that与whether/if的选择：,(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?,D,C,whether/if,that,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,归纳,whether/if,that,26,1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.3._hewontheracewas_weexpected.,that:,what:,_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义,_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,归纳,.that，what引导名词性从句的区别,27,.whatwhyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because,C,C,D,Consolidation:,35,4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that,D,A,B,36,7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcome