并列句与状语从句.ppt

并列句和状语从句,句子的分类,句子按照其构成分为：1简单句_2并列句_HecomesfromtheUSandhelikesChinaverymuch.3复合句_Hedidntcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasbadlyill.,五种基本句型,由并列连词将两个及以上的简单句连在一起,含有从句的句子,二简单句五种基本句型：1Hearrived.2Ilikeapples3Heisastudent.Thefoodtastesgood.,主语+谓语（vi),主语+谓语(vt)+宾语,主语+系动词+表语,常见系动词：be,sound,look,taste,smell,feel,keep,remain,stay,stand(empty),go,become,get,prove等,41)WecallhimJim.2)Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.3)Theteacheraskedhimtocarrythebooksintotheclassroom.5Hegavemeabook.=Hegaveabooktome.注：Hegaveittome.,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,主语+谓语+间宾+直宾,复合宾语,双宾语,后常加双宾语的动词有：Show/offer/envy/teach/buy/make/get/own等,另外：祈使句和感叹句也属于简单句,Getupearly.Pleasesitdown.Dontbelate.Letsgoout.Letuswaitoutside.Dorememberus.Whatinterestingbookstheyare!Howinterestingthebooksare!,1.概念：并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句通过并列连词连在一起。并列连词后的简单句被成为分句。,并列句,2.常见的并列连词：,(1)表递进关系的有:_.Hehadplentyofmoneyandhecanspentitfreely.(2)表转折关系的有：_Janesaidshewasill,yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.(3)表选择关系的有：_Dontdrivesofastor/otherwiseyoullhaveanaccident.,and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,not.but,but,yet,whereas(而),or,otherwise,eitheror,四、复合句,1.概念：复合句又称主从复合句，2.复合句分三类：_,形容词性从句即定语从句,名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句,副词性从句即状语从句,语法：并列句与状语从句一、副词性从句即状语从句概念及分类:,1.概念：在整个句子中作_称为状语从句。（1）.Isentherbackhome.Isentherwhereshewantedtogo.(前一句home作地点状语；后一句whereshewantedtogo作地点状语),时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步状语的从句,（2）.Allthestudentsweresleepingsoundlytonight.Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.(前一句tonight作时间状语；后一句Whenthefirebrokeout作时间状语),2.九大类状语从句及连词：,As,when,whenever,nomatterwhen,while,after,before,once,assoonas,directly/immediately/instantly,nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen,theinstant/themoment/thesecond/theminute,everytime/eachtime,thefirsttime/thesecondtime,(ever)since,till/until,Where,wherever,everywhere,Sothat,inorderthat,Because,as,for,since/nowthat,forfearthat,Sothat,sothat,suchthat,so,If,ifonly但愿,onlyif只有，incase/lest,aslongas,asfaras,unless,once,onconditionthat,ontheassumptionthat,supposingthat,providedthat,As,asif/asthough,theway,Than,Asas,notsoas.,the比较级,the比较级(moreandmore),Although,though,as,evenif/eventhough,whetheror,nomatterwhat/how/where/when/who/=whatever/however/wherever/whenever/whoever,二、时间状语从句注意事项1.when,while和as用法比较,1)When的用法a.when表当的时候+_性动词eg:Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundlyWhen/whileallthestudentsweresleepingsoundly,thefirebrokeout.,延续/瞬时,b.when表_（表动作发生的突然性）bedoingwhenbeabouttodowhenbeonthepointofdoingwhenhad(just)donewhen/beforeeg:Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.c.when_eg.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes,表既然,这时,2）while的用法,.,a.while表_+延续性动词eg.FatherwaspreparingareportwhileIwasplayingacomputergame.IwantmygirlstoexperiencethelifeinSpainwhiletheyareyoung.,当的时候；趁的时候,b.while表_，引导让步状语从句，从句常放在主句前eg.WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonthavemuchtime.c.while表_（并列连词）-两者对比，或轻微转折eg.Heistallwhilehistwinbrotherisrathershort.d.while表_，引导条件状语从句Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.,尽管,而，然而,只要(同aslongas),3）as可表示从句和主句两个动作同时进行，可译为_Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.,“一边.一边”或“随着”,即学即练：用when,while,as填空：Howcanhegetgoodgrades_hewontstudy?Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet_Icaughtsightofatailorsshop._Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailorsshop._hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.Thereweresomechairsleftover_everyonehadsatdown._Ireallydontlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.,when,when,when,While,While,As,2.before和since的用法比较1)before的用法,a.before表_eg.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.b.It_+before在之前将多久；还要多久才eg.Itwontbelongbeforewemeetagain./Itwaslongbeforewemetagain.,在之前；还未就;还没来得及就.;,willbe/wontbe/wouldbe/wouldntbe/was/wasnt+一段时间,2)since的用法a.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since_动词翻译成_eg.Itistwoyearssincewemetlasttime.我们自从上次见面到现在两年了。b.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since_性动词翻译_eg.ItisyearssinceIenjoyedmyself.我多年没有玩的这么愉快了,延续自从不到现在已多长时间,瞬间自从到现在已多长时间,c.since表自从到现在主句用_时态since从句用_时态e.g.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?d.since表既然时引起原因状语从句，从句的时态看情况定e.g.Sincehesaidso,itmusttrue.,现在完成,一般过去,即学即练：用before,since填空：-Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe_Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?-Perhapstwoorthreeyears.-Takeacigarette,please.-No,thanks.Itisthreeyears_Ismoked.-Look!Thoseguysaresweatingouttheexamination.-Theyshouldworkhard_itistoolate.-Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?-Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.,before,before,before,since,3.until与till及notuntil/till的用法,1)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：e.g.Untilhetoldme,Iknewnothingaboutit.Iknewnothingaboutittill/untilhetoldme.他告诉我了我才知道。,2)当notuntil位于句首时，主句中要使用部分倒装语序：e.g.NotuntilshecamebackdidIleave.=Ididntleaveuntilshecameback.,在强调句型中一般用until，不用till，放到强调句型中不用部分倒装。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.,4.表“一.就.”时hardly/scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan引起的句子中，前面的主句常用_时，后面的从句用_时,_句常用部分倒装：,e.g.Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.=Wehadhardlygotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhecomehomethanshestartedcomplaining.=Hehadnosoonercomehomethanshestartedcomplaining.,过去完成,一般过去,主,三原因状语从句的注意事项1.because,as,for,since/nowthat的区别,because语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只能使用because:在回答why的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被not所否定时；连词前有only,just,simply等修饰时。YouwanttoknowwhyImleaving?ImleavingbecauseImfull.,for的语气不及because,since,as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。Itsmorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）,as/since/nowthat表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。As从句放在主句前或后，since/nowthat从句常放在主句前Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,letsstart.”,四地点状语从句的注意事项,1.注意区分where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别Youdbettermakemarkswhereyouhaveanyquestions.（地点状语从句无先行词，黑体部分表作标记的地点）Youdbettermakemarksattheplacewhere/inwhichyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句theplace作先行词)Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句)Putthebookattheplacewhere/towhichitbelongs.(定语从句),五目的状语从句和结果状语从句的注意事项,1.inorderthat与sothat的用法比较Inorderthat引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后。e.g.Illspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanfollowme.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.,2.so+形容词/副词+that从句So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句Somany/much(多)/few/little（少）+名词+that从句Such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句Such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句,以上so或such引导的目的或结果状语从句中，so或such置于句首时，主句要用_句式：e.g.Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.,倒装,六条件状语从句和方式状语从句的注意事项1.unless与until的用法比较,e.g.Youllfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.(=ifyoudontstudyhard强调条件.)Wedidntgotobeduntilhecameback.(强调时间),即学即练：用unless或until填空Owenwouldnteatanything_hecookedithimself._ourmanagerobjectstoTomsjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.Theywaited_allofusarrived.,unless,Unless,until,2.asif或asthough引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。e.g.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.IfeelasifIhaveafever.,七让步状语从句和比较状语从句的注意事项1.although与though引导让步状语从句，不与_连用，但可与_连用,e.g,Although/Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.,but,yet,still或nevertheless,2.though还可作副词，意“_”，置于句末，用逗号隔开e.g.Hehasntfinishedthework;itdoesntmatter,though.,可是，然而,3.though引导的让步状语从句可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装句式,但although引导的从句只能用正常语序。,e.g.Youngas/thoughsheis,sheknowsmuch.Childas/thoughsheis,sheknowsmuch.Hardas/thoughshestudied,shefailed.Tryas/thoughshemight,shefailed.,Althoughsheisyoung,sheknowsmuch.Althoughsheisachild,sheknowsmuch.Althoughshestudiedhard,shefailed.Althoughshemighttry,shefailed.,4.whetheror(不管还是);疑问词+ever与nomatter+疑问词(不管;无论),都引导让步状语从句。,e.g.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,thestoryistrue.Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,hewontbelieveyou.,但疑问词+ever除了引导上面的让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句，nomatter+疑问词只引导让步状语从句。e.g.Hewontbelievewhateveryousay.(宾语从句不可用nomatter+疑问词),即学即练：用疑问词+ever把句子补充完整_tomorrow(无论明天天气什么样)，ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.,Whatevertheweatherislike,八状语从句的省略1.当地点，时间，条件，让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，状语从句的谓语动词又含有系动词is,was,或were时，常把从句的主语与系动词be一起省略；或当状语从句中的主语是it,状语从句的谓语动词是is或was时，常把从句中的主语it与系动词is或was一起省略。,e.g.Dontspeakuntil(youare)spokento.Shealwayssingswhile(sheis)doingherwork.While(Iwas)inBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.IllbuyaTVsetif(itis)necessary.Asayoungman,hestudiedlawandbecamealawyer(=As/Whenhewasayoungman,).,即学即练：Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot_fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtiredB.tiringC.tiredD.tobetiredWhen_differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcomparedAlthough_myopinion,theoldprofessordidntcomeupwithhisown.A.againstB.onC.forD.in,2.比较状语从句中的省略,在对话中或特定的上下文中，由as或than引出的比较对象或内容与主句重复的部分可以省略：E.g.-IsMikemorediligentthanAndrew?-Ohno,heishalfasdiligent(asAndrew).Howbeautifull