English_and_its_history完整版(课堂PPT)

1,Unit2Language,Englishanditshistory,Readingcomprehension,1)Whatisthearticleabout?2)WhatarethethreekindsofEnglishdiscussedinthearticle?3)InwhatwayisEnglishstillchanging?,Englishanditshistory.,OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.,Englishisstillchanginginmanyways,suchasinvocabularyandpronunciation.,3,日尔曼人入侵后，统治了当地的凯尔特语民族，本地语言主要于苏格兰、威尔士、康瓦耳与爱尔兰岛存活了下来。这些入侵者的语言逐渐形成了“古英语”。,ThedevelopmentofEnglish,4,1066年诺曼征服后三百年内，英格兰的国王只讲法语。因此一大批法语词汇进入了古英语，古英语本身也失去了大部分曲折变化，形成中古英语。,5,近代英语在莎士比亚所处的时期开始繁荣，一些学者将之分为早期近代英语与后期近代英语，分界线为1800年左右。随着不列颠对全世界大部分地区的占领和殖民，当地语言也很大程度上影响了英语的发展。,PleasegothroughtheReadingstrategyandtellmehowtoreadahistoryarticle.,Notice_2.Make_,listing_suchastimes,placesandevents,etc.,Readingahistoryarticle,Readinganormaltext,different,thedatesandyears,atimechart,importantinformation,8,Part1OldEnglish,IfyouhearoldEnglishtoday,canyouunderstandit?,9,Timechart,10th,endof9th,then,before5th,events,language,occupiedbythetwoGermanicgroups,theVikingsbegantomoveto,becameofficiallanguage,SpokeCeltic,OldEnglish,10,Time,Events,Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,PeopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic.,Attheendofthe9thcentury,TheVikingsbegantomovetoBritainandbroughttheirlanguages.,Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.,11,Celtic,LanguagesofAnglesandSaxons,OldEnglish,LanguagesofVikings,13,1.bemadeupof2.Tafter6.asidefrom7.attheendof8.bythe10thcentury9.Thisisbeacuse.,1.由.组成2.那就是为什么3.和.不同4.由.组成5.以.命名6.除了7.在.结束时8.到10世纪为止9.这是因为.,14,1,TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.(P22)英语是由进入不列颠的人群所说语言的规则和词汇构成的。,bemadeupof由。组成，由。构成。其主动形式为makeup组成；构成,【归纳】,15,【拓展】,makeup化妆；弥补；准备，布置；编造；编，编写,makeupfor为。而弥补，补偿,Ourclassismadeupoffifty-sixstudents.Somegirlsinourclasslikemakingupsomuchthattheyareoftenlateforclasses.Whenourteachersask,theyusuallymakeupanexcuseforit.我们班由56名学生组成，一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常迟到。当老师问时，她们经常编造借口来应对。,【助记】,16,【Exercises】,1)Therescueteam(由.组成)16persons.2)Twentyboysandthirtygirls(组成)ourclass.3)指出下列句中makeup的含义。Theymadehimupasanoldmanforthelastactoftheplay.()ImtryingtomakeupthetimeIlostwhileIwassick,()Icanmakeupabedforyouonthecouch.()Theymadethewholethingup.Therecouldntbesuchathing.()Heisgoodatmakingupstories.(),ismadeupof,makeup,化妆,弥补,准备，布置,编造,编，编写,17,【解析】选A。考查make短语的用法。句意：宾馆优质的服务在一定程度上弥补了质量差的饭菜。makeupfor弥补；saveupfor为.积存；taketheplaceof取代，代替；turnout结果是，证明是。根据句意可知makeupfor符合句意，故选A。,4)Thegoodserviceatthehotelthepoorfoodtosomedegree.A.madeupforB.savedupforC.tooktheplaceofD.turnedout,2,ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople（定语从句）.那就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。在Thatiswhy-中why引导表语从句，且在从句中作状语。that在此为关系代词，指代前面提到的规则。eg:Thatiswhyheisfondofswimming.,区别：Thatiswhy-中，why引导的表语从句表示结果。表示“那是为什么”Thatisbecause-中，because引导的表语从句表示原因。表示“那是因为”,Jackwaslateforclasstoday._hegotuplatethismorning.Jackgotuplatethismorning._hewaslateforclasstoday.,Thatisbecause,Thatiswhy,consistof由.构成，由.组成=bemadeupofHisjobconsistsofhelpingoldpeople.Class155consistsof35girlsand20boys.*consistof不可用于进行时，也没有被动态,2.consistin主要是，主要在于Thebeautyofthepictureconsistsinitsbalanceofcolors.,3.OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.,22,Theclub_morethan200members,andthenumberisincreasing.A.consistsofB.isconsistedofC.makesupofD.makesup解析：本题考查表示“由组成”的短语用法，consistofbemadeupof。故选A。,A,23,4.BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles.(P22)英语语言和英国人都是以盎格鲁命名的.,nameafter以.命名benamedafter以.命名(被),【拓展】,inthenameof.以.的名义；代表（也作inonesname）callsbnames辱骂某人knowsbbyname知道某人的名字,24,【Exercises】,1）Thisislandwasitsdiscoverer.(该岛以其发现者的名字命名的。)2）Heattendedtheoartyhisfather.(他以他父亲的名义参加聚会。)3）Mygrandpatoldmenotto.(我爷爷叫我不要辱骂他。)4）Ionlyknowhim.(我只知道他的名字。),namedafter,inthenameof,callhimnames,byname,25,重点句子结构分析-过去分词做后置定语,1.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury(时间状语),people（主语）inBritain（介词短语做后置定语）allspoke（谓语）alanguage（宾语）calledCeltic（过去分词做后置定语，修饰language）.2.thewordsick（主语）camefrom（谓语）aword（宾语）onceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons（过去分词做后置定语，修饰word）（主句）,while（然而）ill（主语）camefrom（谓语）aword（宾语）onceusedbytheNorwegians.（过去分词做后置定语，修饰word）(从句),26,Readandanswerthequestions.,1.WhydoestheEnglishlanguagehavesomanyrulesthatconfusepeople?BecauseitismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandculturesbroughtwiththemtoBritain.,27,2.WheredidtheEnglishcomefrom?ItcamefromthewordEngle,asitisspeltinoldEnglish.3.WhycanwordswithsimilarmeaningsbefoundintheEnglishlanguage?Thesewordswithsimilarmeaningsdevelopedbecauseeachwordcamefromadifferentlanguage.,28,Part2MiddleEnglish,29,Bythelatterhalfofthe14thcentury,In1399,EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.,HenryIVbecameKingofEnglandandusedEnglishforallofficialevents.,Time,Events,TheNormansdefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountry.,30,4.WhomadethegreatestcontributiontothedevelopmentfromOldEnglishtoMiddleEnglish?TheFrench-speakingNormans,whotookcontrolofEnglandin1066.,31,However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchas（和/像.一样多）theAnglesandtheSaxonsvictory（胜利）（affectEnglish）about600yearsearlier,which（theAnglesandtheSaxonsvitory）ledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.,Translation,FrenchsinfluenceonEnglish:,1.Morewordswithsimilarmeanings,3.Frenchwaysofmakingplurals,2.Wordsformeatandanimals,MiddleEnglish,33,reply,answer,thesamemeaning(回答）,OldFrench,OldEnglish,Morewordswithsimilarmeanings.,34,ox/cow,pig,pork/bacon,sheep,mutton,beef,English,French,Why?,35,5.WhyaremanyofthewordsforanimalsdifferentfromthoseformeatinEnglish?ThewordsforanimalscamefromoldEnglish,WhilethewordsforthemeatcamefromOldFrench.,36,Makingplurals,housen,houses,shoen,shoes,men,children,38,1.playapartin.2.aFrench-speakingpeople3.defeat/eintouse16.use.for.,1.在.中起到作用2.一个说法语的民族3.击败某人4.控制5.导致，通向6.另一方面7.