witnessing time Grammar and usage课件.ppt

Unit2Grammar,Theparticiple分词,现在分词与过去分词,1构成,4功能,2时态,3语态,5独立结构,6区别,一、构成形式,现在分词与过去分词的区别,adisappointingboyadisappointedboy,amovingfilmamovedstudent,二、语法功能,1作表语2作定语3作状语4作宾语补足语,用分词的正确形式填空：,1.Wewere_(excite)withjoyatthevictory.2.Thenewswas_(excite)tous3.Nobodywas_(interest)inthestoryhetold.,excited,exciting,interested,1.分词在句中作表语,4.Theyoungladyiswell_(dress).5.Theproblemis_(puzzle).,dressed,puzzling,2.分词结构作定语,a)单个分词作定语应放在被修饰词前面分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词的后面,eg.Theinjuredmanisabusdriver.,eg.Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.,b)分词作定语与一个定语从句所表示的意思差不多。,eg.Whatsthenameofthemancaughtbythepolice?,=Whatsthenameofthemanwhowascaughtbythepolice?,用分词改写下列句子：,Exercises,Exercises,Exercises,Exercises,Theyoungman,whowasbelievedtobethesonofthedetective,wasbittenbyasnakeanddied.,Theyoungmanbelievedtobethesonofthedetectivewas,2)Theroadwhichconnectsthevillagesisverynarrow.,3)Thepeoplewhowereinvitedtothepartycantcome.,Theroadconnectingthevillageisverynarrow.,Thepeopleinvitedtothepartycantcome.,4)Thesoldierwhowaswoundedwastakentohospital.,5)Wemetagroupofstudentswhowerereturningfromschool.,Thewoundedsoldierwastakentohospital.,Wemetagroupofstudentsreturningfromschool.,用分词的正确形式填空：1)Thelake_(pollute)bythefactoryhasbeencleanedagain.2)Therearesomechildren_(swim)intheriver.3)Thedog_(tie)tothetreegotangry.,polluted,swimming,tied,4)Themachine_(make)inChinahasbeensenttoAmerica.5)Whowerethosepeople_(wait)outside?,made,waiting,Thequestion_atthemeetingyesterdayisveryimportant.Thequestion_nowatthemeetingisveryimportant.Thequestion_tomorrowisveryimportant.A.discussingB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.tobediscussed,3.分词结构作宾补,分词作宾补主要出现在特定的动词后,Exercises:用分词的正确形式填空：1.Inoticedtheyounglady_(steal)intotheofficebuilding.,2.Iheardthepoem_(read)aloud.,stealing,beingread,4.Illhaveacar_(wait)foryououtsidethehotel.,3.Myfatherhadbothhislegs_(break)intheaccident.,5.Thehorsewaskept_(run)overfourhours.,broken,waiting,running,4.分词结构作状语：,分词结构作状语，可表示时间,原因，条件，让步，伴随和补充说明等，这时分词结构相当于一个状语从句。,_fromthemountain,wecanseeourschool._fromthemountain,ourschoolisverysmall.,Seeing,Seen,Crossingtheroad,hewasrunoverbyacar.,Havingdonetheirhome-work,thestudentslefttheclassroom.,Havingbeenwoundedbythenoble,theboydiedafewdayslater.,NotknowingEnglish,hecouldnotunderstandthefilm.,HavinglivedinShanghaimanyyears,heknowstheplacewell.,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,Workinghardalltheyearround,thepoorpeasantcouldntaffordtosendhischildrentoschool.,Thesixblindmenstoodalldaybytheroadside,beggingformoney.,Exercises:用分词改写下列句子：,Whenitisseenfromthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.,2.Ashedidntknowhowtoworkouttheproblem,hewenttoasktheteacher.,1.The_(frighten)girlsatinthecorner,_(cry).2._(leave)theairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.,用分词的正确形式填空：,frightened,crying,Leaving,3._(build)in1922,thebridgeisold.4.Theprofessorcameintotheoffice,_(follow)astranger.5._(lead)bythehunter,wewentthroughtheforest.,Built,following,Led,三、独立结构,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,否则它必须有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构,Ifwearegivenmoretime,wewillhaveanoutingtomorrow,Iftimepermits,wewillhaveanoutingtomorrow.Afterwefinishthesupper,westartedtodiscussthepicnic.Aftersupperwasfinished,westartedtodiscussthepicnic.,Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.Thecompositionwritten,hehandedittotheteacher.,With复合结构,Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Hestaredatherwithhismouthopen.Iwouldmissthetrain,withnoonetowakemeup.Withwintercomingon,itstimetobuywarmclothes.,如何判断独立主格结构和分词短语,Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthomeinahurry.b.Themoonappearing,wedecidedtospendthenightatthefootofmountain.,看其状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语是否相同。相同者为分词短语作状语，不同者为独立主格结构作状语。,Havingdonehiswork,hewenttobed.,Hisworkhavingbeendone,hewenttobed.,Gettinguplate,Tomdidntcatchthefirstbus.b.Withthecupbroken,thechildwascrying.c.Withoutanyonenoticing,Islippedthroughthewindow.,现在分词与过去分词的两大差别,1、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。,何为主动关系、被动关系？,Hehurthislegbadly.主动关系：主语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即主谓关系。被动关系：宾语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即动宾关系。,把握主、被动关系的前提,能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去判断主、被动关系。,分词的逻辑主语,分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的,而是“活”的-随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。,1作状语时Seeingtheteachercomein,allthestudentsstoodup.Heated,themetalexpands.分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语。2作宾补时Isawhimreadinglastnight.Hiswifefoundhishairdyedblack.分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。,3作表语时Thefilmismoving.Thevisitorslookedsurprised.分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。,4作定语时Thisisaninterestingbook.Thepeopleinvitedtothepartycantcome.分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。,5用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）Withthetaskcompleted,wewentouttotakesomefreshair.ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的主语,分词的逻辑主语一览表,确定分词的使用的具体步骤,1、根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系4、选定现在或过去分词,要养成“分析句子成分-寻找逻辑主语-判断主被动关系”这一思维定势,Exercises:1._moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2.Climbingmountainswas_,soweallfelt_.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired3.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed;following4._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen5.MrsWhitewasgladtoseethenurse_afterhersonandherdaughterandwasalsopleasedtoseechildrenwell_careofinthenursery.A.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking,6.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet_onthegroundonthewayhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset_whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing7._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving8._hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting_then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld9._buthestillcannotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.TellinghimmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes10.Onhearingthe_news,Iwastoo_tosleep.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited;excited,11._rapidlybythebody,sugarprovidesaquickenergysource.A.DigestedB.DigestingC.TodigestD.Havingdigested12.Theeighteen-storeyedbuilding,when_,willshutoutthesun_uptheroomsinmyhouse.A.completed;lightedB.completing;lightingC.completing;lightedD.completed;lighting13.Thespecialmedicineforthediseasewasdifficulttofindthough_everywhere.A.soughtB.havingsoughtC.beingsoughtD.havingbe