定语从句关系代词讲解

.,定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,.,先来看几个相关术语1.定语2.定语从句3.先行词4.关系词,.,1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,acleverboyTheboilingwaterFallenleavesThemanwhoyouarelookingfor,2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。,DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?,.,Whatisthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart?,Tomisahandsomeboy.Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapen.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Themanstandingthereismyteacher.Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。,定语从句：一个句子充当定语,.,3.先行词：,4.关系词：,关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词where,when,why等。,关系词常有3个作用：,1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。,.,Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepen.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,先行词：被修饰限定的词,关系词：引导定语从句的词,定语从句：一个句子充当定语,.,Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.,自助者天助。,谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。,世上无难事，只怕有心人。,Guessthemeaningofthefollowingproverbs,.,Allthatglitters(闪光)isnotgold.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,闪闪发光的不一定是金子.,不到长城非好汉.,.,Somesentenceswithattributiveclauseinthetext,1.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake_shookTangshan.2.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose_andtoburythedead.,whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone,whoweretrapped,.,Butthepeopleinthecity,_wenttosleepasusualthatnight.,ItwasheardinBeijing,_,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,whichismorethan200kilometersaway.,.,Ahugecrack_cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.,Thenumberofpeople_reachedmorethan400,000.,thatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide,whowerekilledorinjured,.,Description,HeisaChinese.HeplaysanimportantpartinNBA.HewasborninShanghai.Shanghaiisaninternationalcity.Heisagoodman.Peoplealllikehim.Peopleareproudofhim.Heisafamousbasketballplayer.HiswifeisYeLi.Helovesbasketball.Heplaysbasketballverywell.,.,HeisaChinese.HeplaysanimportantpartinNBA.,HeisaChinesewho/thatplaysanimportantpartinNBA.,变为定语从句,.,HewasborninShanghai.Shanghaiisaninternationalcity.,HewasborninShanghaiwhich/thatisaninternationalcity.,.,summary,主语,人,物,who/that,which/that,.,Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Themanwhoisnexttoussellsvegetable.,Tomisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.,关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。,were,was,.,Heisagoodman.Peoplealllikehim.Peopleareproudofhim.,Heisagoodmanwhom/thatpeopleareproudof.,Heisagoodmanwhom/thatpeoplealllike.,Heisagoodmanofwhompeopleareproud.,Or:,.,Helovesbasketball.Heplaysbasketballverywell.,Helovesbasketballwhich/thatheplaysverywell.,.,summary,宾语,人,物,whom/that/who/省略,which/that/省略,.,Heisafamousbasketballplayer.HiswifeisYeLi.,HeisafamousbasketballplayerwhosewifeisYeLi.,Hehasawife.HernameisYeLi.,HehasawifewhosenameisYeLi.,.,Theroomismine.Theroomswindowfacessouth,Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.,.,summary,定语,人,物,whose,whose,.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,.,从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子,1.Theseason_followsspringissummer.(that/who/不填)2.ThisisthemuseumwevisitedlastSaturday.(that/whom/不填)3.TheboyJohnisspeakingwithismybrother.(which/whom/不填)4.Thebuilding_wallsarewhiteismyuncleshouse.(which/whose/不填),练习巩固,that,that/不填,whom/不填,whose,.,5.Willyoupleaselendmethebook_youboughtyesterday?(which/that/whose)6.Thegirl_legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.(who/whom/whose)7.Thestudent_theteacherpraiseattheclassmeetingisourmonitor.(which/whom/whose)8.Ifoundsomephotosoftouristsites_werenotfarawayfromourcity.(which/that/不填),which/that,whose,whom,which/that,.,看图填句,.,Theman_isLiuxiang.,whoranfastest,Liuxiangistheman_.,whoranfastest,.,aboy，hasascar，forehead,HarryPorterisaboy_.,who/thathasascaronhisforehead,.,xinjiisacity_.,Xinji,acity,developfast,which/thatdevelopsfast,.,基础练习,1.Isthatthehouse_youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture_youarelaughingat?A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook_Illeverread.A.whichB.that,B,B,A,.,4.Thestreet_istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.which5.Theperson_findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom_welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.where,B,A,B,.,7.Theboy_motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whose8.Tellmethereason_youarelate.A.whichB.why,B,B,.,翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。,Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.,Idontknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.,SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.,.,4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.,.,关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?,考点一,.,只用that，不用which,1.all,little,much,few,none,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时；Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时；ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.3.先行词前有theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时；4.先行词既有人也有物5.主句以which,who,what开头的疑问句.Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?,.,有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?,考点二,.,只用which，不用that,有机器的房间是车间。,Theroom_thereisamachineisaworkshop.Theroom_thereisamachineinisaworkshop.,inwhich,(which/that),一、非限制性定语从句,二、用在介词后,Ihavelostthepen,_Ilikeverymuch.,which,.,1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.,Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,_Ihaventmetforalongtime.,which,which,who,whom,Fillintheblanks,.,1.Herbag,inwhichsheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.,2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom.,.,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,.,whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.,whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,.,whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.,.,Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld.that,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew.that,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子,.,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith.whomthat,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,四.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句,1.介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.,.,(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.,.,2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.IcantfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting.,.,3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dadisaperson_Icaneasilytalkto.,Isthistheplay_youweretalkingaboutjustnow?,.,4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：,Thisisthewatch(that/which)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(who/whom/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.,.,5.先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略