宾语从句课件范文

宾语从句课件范文 第1页 第2页 第3页 第4页 第5页 从句 名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，介词，连词 句子结构 1. 主（名词、代词、名词性从句）+谓（动词） 2. 主（名词、代词、名词性从句）+谓（动词）+宾（名词、代词、名词性从句） 3. 主（名词、代词、名词性从句）+系（联系动词）(be)+表（名词、代词、形容词、名词性从句） 从句的分类 1主语从句：在句子中用作主语作用的名词性从句。是名词的扩展。 2表语从句：在句子中作表语作用的名词性从句。 是名词的扩展。 3宾语从句：在句子中作宾语作用的名词性从句。 是名词的扩展。 4同位语从句：对前面的特定名词(短语)加以补充说明的名词性从句。是名词的扩展。 5定语从句：在句子中作定语作用，修饰主句的某个名词性成分的形容词性从句 。是形容词的扩展。 6状语从句：在句子中作状语作用的副词性从句。是副词的扩展。 从句在整个句子中的作用vs引导词在从句中的作用 从属连词vs 连接代词vs连接副词 状语从句 定 语 从 句 主 语 从 句 & 宾 语 从 句 一、宾语从句（与主语从句、表语从句类似） （一）宾语从句的分类 1. 动词的宾语从句 1) 动词 We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的. 2) “动词+副词”结构 I find out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip. 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 3) 动词短语(常见：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记) Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 2. 介词的宾语从句 1) 一般介词后用wh-类的介词 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的. 2) 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后用that I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a pany. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知. 3. 形容词的宾语从句（常用：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised） I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 4. 形式宾语it的宾语从句 1) Sb. find,feel,consider,make,believe+it+adj./sth+that I think it necessary that we drink plenty of water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 2) 有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语与从句前加it（常用：hate,take,owe,have,see to） I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. （二）宾语从句的三类连接词(从属连词, 连接代词, 连接副词) 1. 从属连词(无意义，从句句子结构意思都完整) 1) that引导陈述语气的宾语从句 He told that he would go to the college the next year. 他告诉我他下一年上大学. 2) that在以下情况下不能省略 a. 作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时 b. 当从句较长时 c. 当动词与从句之间有插入语，不相邻 d. 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 e. 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时 3) if和whether引导疑问语气的宾语从句. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 2. 连接代词（作从句主语或宾语）：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,whosever,which,whichever Do you know who has won Red Alert game. 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 3. 连接副词：when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel. 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. （三）语序 1. 陈述语序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 2. 3. 否定前移（think, believe, suppose, guess, imagine, expect等动词后的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上去)I dont think you are right. 动词表示建议(suggest, advise)，要求(demand, desire, require, request, propose)，决定(decide)，命令(order, I suggested that you (should) study hard. He ordered that we (should) go out at once. （四）时态 1. 主句是一般现在时，从句时态不变。 He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 2. 3. 4. 主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态。 He answered that he was listening to me. 主句是一般将来时，一般从句为一般现在时（“主将从现”） 当从句为一个定理或客观存在时，均用一般现在时。与人有关的均不是定理。 He told me that he was a boy. Father told me that practice makes perfect. mand)，坚决主张(insist)，用（should）+动词原形 二、同位语从句 （一）同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1. 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围 The news that l have passed the exam is true. 我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 The news that he told me just now is true. 他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （二）引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 The idea that puters can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。 The idea that he gave surprises many people. 他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 （三）跟同位语从句的名词：news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion， words，possibility Ive e from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 （四）引导同位语从句的词：连词that, whether, 连接副词how, when, where l have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如： Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was ing to inspect them. 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 三、定语从句 （一）先行词vs引导词 The dog which was lost has been found. （二）关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）在定语从句里面作主语、宾语、表语、定语 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 介词+关系代词 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 名词/代词+介词（of）+关系代词 These are the books, some of which I havent read yet. 代替that 代替why （for which） 代替where （in,on,at,to which） 代替when （in,on,at,during which） That 指人或物 作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语或表语时可以省略，不能跟在介词后 Who指人 作主语或宾语，但不能跟在介词后（），在非限制性定语从句中不能替代whom；Whom作宾语 Whose 指人的或物的 作定语 Which 指物 作主语或宾语 I know the girl, whom I talked with last night. The house, whose window faces south, is mine. This is the girl, the name of whom I dont know. 6) 介词的确定：动词的习惯搭配，习语除外；先行词的习惯搭配；所表达的意思 I care for you. 习语 I spent $2 on the book. 动词搭配 7) 省略（限制性定语从句）的情况 a. b. c. 关系代词在从句中作动词的宾语 关系代词在从句中作表语 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词没有前提 （三）关系副词（where,when,why,that）在定语从句里面作状语 1Where（in,on,at,to which） 表地点 2When（in,on,at,during which） 表时间 3Why（for which） 表原因 4That a. 表方式=in which I know the way that he did the job. I know the way in which he did the job. b. c. 5省略 a. b. c. d. 6限定性vs非限定性定语从句 7只用that的情况： a. b. c. 先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,very first等词 先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰 先行词为all,anything,nothing,something,everything 某些时间名词后（the time, every time, each time, the moment） 某些地点名词后（the place） The reason后 The way后 表时间=when 表地点=where （四）特殊形式的定语从句 1分隔 2强调 3多重 4并列 ? 经典必背之主语从句 Freemanwu ? 现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在学生毕业的时候教给他们所需要的所有知 识。 ? Now, it is generally believed that no college or university can give students all the knowledge they need by the time they graduate. ? 人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为社会必不可少的一部分。 ? indispensable ? It is widely acknowledged that puter and other machines have bee an indispensable part of our society. ? 无可争辩的，寄宿正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年。 ? indisputable ? It is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect， especially in the last few years. ? 无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。 ? starvation，exposure ? It is indisputable that millions of people today are still living a miserable life, facing the danger of starvation and exposure. ? 人们普遍认为现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面 取得了惊人的进步。 ? It is monly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades. ? 经典必背之表语从句 Freemanwu ? 这个问题是由多种原因引起的。一个主要原因是车辆增加的数量远快于道路的建设。 另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不足。 ? There are several reasons for ? There are several reasons for this problem. ? One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. ? Another important reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. ? 近年来，关于时尚存在着广泛的争论。其中一个问题就是一个人是否应选择他喜欢 的舒适的衣服，而不管是否时尚。 ? regardless of ? There is a general discussion over fashion in recent years. ? One of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose fortable clothes regardless of fashion. ? 有些人忽略了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成灾难性的影响。 ? What some people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history. ? 经典必背之 宾语从句 Freemanwu ? Ive learned that love, not time, heals all wounds. Ive learned that everyone you meet deserves to be greeted with a smile. Ive learned that there is nothing sweeter than sleeping with your babies and feeling their breath on your cheeks. ? 我明白了，是爱，而不是时间能治愈一切创伤。我明白了，你遇到的每一个人都值 得你以微笑相迎。我明白了，时间最美好的事莫过于你睡在孩子的身边，感受着他们飘散在你脸庞的呼吸。 ? 说到，大部分人认为其是终生的学习。 ? When it es to ? the majority of ? When it es to education, the majority of people believe that it is a life time study. ? 大部分学生相信业余工作使他们有更多的机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来 找工作是非常有好处的。 ? The majority of students believe that part-time jobs provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. ? 越来越多的专家认为农民工对城市的建设起到积极作用，然而，越来越多的城市居 民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨农民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，比如犯罪。 ? An increasing number of experts ? Experts in growing / increasing numbers ? immigrant laborers ? DwellerResident ? Inhabitant Oupant ? 许多家长相信额外的教育活动好处明显。他们声称，通过补习，孩子可以获得很多 实践技能和有用的知识。 ? Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantages. ? By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge. ? An investigation shows that many rural emigrants think that working at cities provide them with not only a high salary but also the opportunity to learn new skills. ? 经典必背之同位语从句 Freemanwu ? ? ? ? 毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。 There is no doubt that There is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices. 通过以上讨论，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，而 且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。 ? From what has been discussed above， ? far outweigh ? From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of the bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society. ? 许多人往往有这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们 忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。 ? tend to do / be ? live under the illusion that ? A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had pleted their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to be ignoring the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因 In my opinion / I believe / I think / As for me be in favor of As for me，Im in favor of the opinion that education is not pleted with graduation, for the following reasons 没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。 越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。 arouse wide concern be brought into publics focus No one can deny the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide pubic concern all over the world. Experts in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that such situation would produce unfavorable effects on economic growth of local areas. 经典必背之状语从句 Freemanwu 状语从句最多却最简单 Ive brought my umbrella in case it rains. Ive brought my umbrella because its raining. Ive brought my umbrella so that I dont get wet. Ive brought my umbrella even though its not raining. You dont need an umbrella unless its raining. 本质：逻辑关系 种类 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 一.时间状语从句 连接词 when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as; 一些时间名词：the moment, the instant, the day, the minute, next time, every time; 一些副词：instantly, immediately, directly;固定搭配的连词：no soonerthan, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen. A fair-weather friend(酒肉朋友) is like a banker who lends you his umbrella when the ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sun is shining and takes it back the minute it rains. ? ? ? ? 【 CET-4】 You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instantD. in an instant ? hardly when； ? no soonerthan ? scarcelywhen ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 主句（hardly）：过去完成时 从句（when）：一般过去时 二.地点状语从句 三.原因状语从句 连接词 because, since, as, for, seeing that, considering that, now that, given that, in that because of due to owing to 这些不可以接句子 四.目的状语从句 连接词 so that ； in order that， 从句中常搭配情态动词，may/might/can/coule We climbed high (so) that we might get a better view. ? 五. 结果状语从句 ? 连接词 ? sothat, so that, suchthat such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that ? so that； suchthat ? ? ? 结果状语从句新概念美文 ? Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of being white-collar workers. （NCE-3，Lesson 4） ? Such are the conditions of society that skills have to be paid for in the same way that ? ? ? ? ? ? goods are paid for at a shop.（NCE-3, Lesson 27, )超级仿写 直到失去之后才会懂得珍惜 Such is human nature that we dont treasure what we have until we lose it. 六.让步状语从句 连接词 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matt