2019-2020学年北京高三英语学习专题 语法谓语动词的时态和语态

海淀区小学教师在线研修课程,语法填空中谓语动词的时态和语态,高三年级英语学科,常见错误分析,答题技巧,牛刀小试,基本做题思路,一、基本做题思路,方法：分析句子结构，理解句子含义确定是谓语还是非谓语，或词性变换。例如：Justnow,LinDaiyu_(stand)there,crying.stood,一、基本做题思路：时态,理解“时态”的含义和构成：时（动作的时间）：过去、现在、将来、过去将来态（动作的状态）：一般、进行、完成、完成进行,一、基本做题思路：时态,时间状语（timesignals）句子结构（sentencestructure）语篇意识（context）,一、基本做题思路：时态,时间状语（timesignals）Audiobooks_(grow)inpopularityuptillnow,fortheyareundoubtedlyausefulwaytoescapethestressesofmodernlifeandagoodwaytokeepbusy.（2020海淀期末）havegrown现在完成时时间状语：sofar,bynow,in/overthelastfewyears,sincethen等一般过去时时间状语：yesterday,lastnight/year/week,inthepast等,一、基本做题思路：时态,2.句子结构（sentencestructure）例如在when引导的时间状语从句和if条件状语从句中，遵循主将从现的规律。Today,JussiHuovinenisFinlandslastgreatrunesinger.Whenhe_(die),theancientlineofrunesingerswillendbecausenoonecanmemorizetheentireKalevala.(2020朝阳期中，有改编)dies此外还有：Hardlyhadwhen;WewerewatchingTVwhensuddenlythetelephonerang.等常见的句式结构。,一、基本做题思路：时态,3.语篇意识（context）：Buildingsaroundtheworld_(go)darkfor60minutesthiseveninginavoluntaryeventknownasEarthHour.Thisgrassrootseffortstartedin2007inSydney,Australia,andhassincegrownintoaglobalmovementtoraiseawarenessofourenergyconsumptionandtheeffectsofclimatechangeonourplanet.willyoudimyourlightstonight?(2019西城二模)willgo,一、基本做题思路：语态,语态：主动/被动，主要看语意和逻辑关系,Sharkattackscanbedeadly,buttheyarenotcommon.Eachyear,sharksusuallykillfewerthan10peopleworldwide,andabout100people_(injure).(2019朝阳二模),areinjured,二、常见错误1：混淆谓语和非谓语,区分简单句和复合句,Theschool,locatedinParis,_(choose)only80studentseveryyear.简单句只能有一个谓语动词Theschool_(locate)inParisand_(choose)80studentseveryyear.Theschool,which_(locate)inParis,_(choose)80studentseveryyear.复合句（并列复合句或主从复合句）可以有两个或两个以上谓语动词,chooses,chooses,chooses,islocated,islocated,二、常见错误1：混淆谓语和非谓语,ApopularchoicethisSpringFestivalwasthePalaceMuseum,whereaspecialexhibitionwasstagedtoprovideavirtualroyalexperienceforvisitors.Theentiremuseum1._(decorate)withnewly-restoredancientroyallanternsandspringcouplets,includingasetoftheChinesecharacter“Fu”2._(write)byfiveQingDynastyemperors.(2019东城一模)wasdecoratedwritten,区分连词和介词eg：AstimewentbyWithtimegoingby,二、常见错误2：混淆不同时态,区分一般过去、现在完成区分一般过去、过去完成,方法：1.理解掌握每一种时态的含义和用法2.放在语篇而不只是单句中理解,二、常见错误2：混淆不同时态,区分一般过去、现在完成,一般过去时/现在完成时TheachievementofChineseathleteswasremarkable.Notonlydidtheywinagreatnumberofmedals,buttherespectandthehonoraswell.Behindthehighrankingthey1._(approach)andthehonorthey2._(give),weshouldthinkoftheirdeterminationandhardworktowardthelongroadtosuccesswhichlaidasolidfoundationfortheirachievement.1.approached；2.weregiven,二、常见错误2：混淆不同时态,区分一般过去、过去完成,1.一般过去时：以现在为参照过去完成时：以过去为参照，表示“过去的过去”ABBCfilmcrewwasworkingontheremoteLordHoweIslandforanewwildlifedocumentarycalledDrowninginPlastic.Theyfilmedmanybirdsthat_(die)fornoclearreason.Aftersomeresearch,theyfoundoutthetruthwhatcausedthedeathofthebirdswasthattheirstomachswereliterallytoofullofplastic.（2020海淀期中）haddied2.一般用and，then,also,but按照动作的先后顺序连接，通常用一般过去时。Hesaidhewenttotheshopandboughtsomefood.,二、常见错误3：语态错误,区分被动语态、主动表被动,主动形式表被动:系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，turnout,remain，stay，comeSomepeoplebelievejunkfood,suchascandy,cookies,potatochips,andsoda,_(taste)good,butitsnotgoodforthehumanbody.(2020朝阳期末)tastes,二、常见错误3：语态错误,区分及物动词、不及物动词,1.根据及物动词有无宾语确定是否用被动语态。Blackholes_(talk)aboutin1783first.(2019海淀一模)weretalkedPeople_(talk)aboutblackholesasearlyasin1783.talked2.不及物动词无被动appear，disappear，occur，happen，last，breakout，takeplace等LateinApril，aphotoshowwasheldinourourschool.It_(last)aweekandwasagreatsuccess!lasted,二、常见错误3：语态错误,区分及物动词、不及物动词,3.有些及物动词或动词短语无被动wish,fit,arriveat,belongto，comeabout，sufferfrom，takepartin等Theysupposedtheshoes_(belong)toapoormanwhowasemployedinafieldcloseby,andwhohadnearlyfinishedhisdayswork.belonged,二、常见错误4：形式错误,能判断出正确的时态语态，但动词形式变化错误,Forcenturies,storytellers,calledrunesingers,_(speak)theKalevalafrommemory.(朝阳期中)havespokehavespoken,Somepeoplebelievejunkfood,suchascandy,cookies,potatochips,andsoda,_(taste)good,butitsnotgoodforthehumanbody.(2020朝阳期末),能判断出正确的时态语态，但主谓一致出现错误,tastetastes,三、答题技巧,根据语篇的话题、体裁，观察时间背景是现在还是过去。记叙文：多为过去时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来等）说明文、议论文：多为现在时态（一般现在、现在进行、一般将来、现在完成进行等）AThefirsttimeIsawMay,she(21)_wassitting_(sit)inmyfrontyard,huggingmydogHarley.Shehadjustmovedintoasmallhousedowntheroadfromus.FromthesecondItalkedtoher,IknewMaywouldbeacherishedfriend.HersmileandgoodcheermademefeelbetterwhenIwasaroundher.Itdidnttakelong(22)beforeMaywasbelovedbyeveryoneinourneighborhood.Childrenandadultsvisitedherhomeoften.Whenwevisitedher,shewouldkindlylistentoallofour(23)troubles(trouble)andthensaysomethingsowisethatwewouldleaveherhomewithourhearts(24)singing(sing).（2020海淀期末）,三、答题技巧,2.考虑考点覆盖面的问题，一般同一套题常考查两个时态和一个语态，所以同一种时态及被动语态不会重复考查。例如：2020海淀期末：21.wassitting；26.aresold;30.havegrown/havebeengrowing3.答案可能不唯一。例如：2019北京高考：7.suggests/suggested/hassuggested,四、牛刀小试：2019海淀一模,BEveryone1._(love)snow.Butwhenschoolstaysopendespitethesnow,itcanbereallyannoying.However,thereisoneupsideofgoingtoschoolonacoldwinterdayyoumightbesmarter.Sofar,researcherswhostudythebrain2._(find)thatcoldtemperaturesmakeusthinkmorequicklysincemessagestravelfasteramongourbra