词汇学-- 复合词及其构词

Week4,Sandy,PresidentPre+sid+entOrientOri+entAdviseAd+viseReportRe+port,AdvertiseAd+vert+iseInsectIn+sectImmediateIm+med+(i)+ateConspireCon+spire,ConferenceCon+fer+enceInterventionInter+ven(e)+tionSalarySal+aryMinisterMini+ster,英语复合词,何为复合词？如何区分复合词与自由词组？如何构成复合词？练习,何为复合词？P24,两个或两个以上的词一定的顺序结合在一起构成新词,Examples,sunrise/sunsetprosandcons/life-and-deathstate-of-the-art/I-told-you-sojump-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse,如何区分复合词与自由词组？,复合词的特点语法语义语音书写,语法上，复合词的构词不受句法的限制；虽不合语法，但复合词组成成分之间存在一定程度逻辑；语义上，复合词意义较为固定，一般一词一义；且意义往往不是组成成分的语义简单相加；语音上，重音通常落在第一个组成成分上，复合英语单词的重音规则；书写上，合写，连写，分写3种写法，有两条通用原则可以起到帮助。,来看看这些可以写成一个词的复合词：blackbird（山雀）、whiteboard（白板）、skateboard（溜冰板）、greenhouse（温室）如果组成复合词的单词的音节不止一个，这时候，就会写成带有连字符的形式，或是完全分开写。bathroom/livingroomblackboard/drawingboard有些复合词用连字符连写，原因在于分开写不容易看成一个整体，或者分开之后会产生别的意义，而不合写的原因则是出于音节或书写美观的考虑。只是通用的规则而非固定的原则，慎用之。,如何构成复合词？,Compn.复合名词Compadj.复合形容词Compv.复合动词Compprep.复合介词,Compnounsp27,n+nadj+nadv+nv+n-ing+nn+vadv+vv+advn+-ingprep+nadv+-ing/-ing+adv,Compadj.复合形容词,以形容词为中心以名词为中心以-ing和-ed为中心,1练习-选择一个合适的形容词翻译下列词组absent-mindedair-conditionedcold-bloodedwarm-heartedgood-temperedfar-fetchedfull-grownhigh-heeledold-fashionedshort-sightedlow-paidready-madeill-advisedmass-producedsilver-platedpanic-strickenduty-boundhome-made1）不明智的选择2）牵强的回答3）低报酬的工作4）镀银的汤匙5）成衣6）老式单车7）惊慌失措的游客8）高跟鞋9）心不在焉的学生10）空调房间11）好性情的男人12）义不容辞的责任,1）不明智的选择2）牵强的回答3）低报酬的工作4）镀银的汤匙5）成衣6）老式单车,anill-advisedchoiceafar-fetchedanswer3)alow-paidjob4)asilver-platedspoon5)ready-madeclothes6)anold-fashionedbicycle,7）惊慌失措的游客8）高跟鞋9）心不在焉的学生10）空调房间11）好性情的男人12）义不容辞的责任,7)panic-strickentourists8)high-heeledshoes9)absent-mindedstudents10)anair-conditionedroom11)agood-temperedman12)duty-boundobligation,2练习-选择上面的合成形容词翻译下列词组deep-seafirst-classlong-rangepart-timeone-waysecond-handall-mightytop-secretbullet-proofbrand-newduty-freeworld-famousice-coldnuclear-free1）深海油井2）绝密文件3）一双崭新的鞋4）万能的上帝5）防弹汽车6）远程导弹7）旧家具8）单向交流9）免税商品10）上等茶11）世界著名的大学12）无核区,3练习-选择合成形容词翻译下列词组broken-downbuilt-insee-throughoff-handoff-campusoff-budgetoff-peakall-outout-doorall-roundout-and-outwell-offface-to-faceroundtheclock一件薄得透明的衬衫2)一座破旧不堪的房子3）一个内嵌的橱柜4）户外活动5）一个富裕的家庭6）彻头彻尾的谎言7）全面检查8）非高峰时间的交通9）连续二十四小时的讨论10）即兴发言11）预算外的开支12）校园外的暴力13）全力以赴的营救14）面对面的交流,CompV.合成动词,n.+v.v.baby-siteavesdropghost-writeproof-readsleep-walkspoon-feedtape-recordwater-skisight-seespot-lightnick-nameadv.+v.v.overchargeovereatoverhearoverthrowundergounderwriteupholduplift,adj./adv.+v.v.black-listbacktrackback-pedalcross-examineill-treatshort-changeshort-circuitwhite-washmass-produce其他形式的合成动词blow-drydeep-frydilly-dallypooh-poohspin-drystir-frytittle-tattle,合成动词的使用是现代英语中比较简练的表现手段。如果不用合成动词来表达，则句子往往显得冗长拖沓。合成动词的使用有一定的局限性，不宜任意套用。,句子翻译,Mostmothersbreast-feedtheirbabiesinsteadofbottle-feedingthem.Wedliketowindow-shopthisafternoon.Hetendstoreadnovelsashestrap-hangsinacrowdedbus.Blindchildrenreadbytouch,deafoneslip-read.AfterleavingWashington,hejob-hopped,firstservingasaliftoperator,thenamechanicandfinallyastreet-cleaner.Itisbetterifyoucanhand-washthem.Dry-cleaningisneverquitethesame.Heisamanwhochain-drinksPepsis.,Thetrendatthemomentistowards_（多一些自然，少一些化妆）._（去国营企业就职的想法）haslittleattractiontoyoungpeoplenowadays.Teachersarestrikinginprotestatthisyears_（政府强加的工资解决方案）.These_（新设计的器件）willappearontheexhibitionnextmonth.Aggressivetreatmentdoesnotmeandrugsalone.Youmayalsoneedtoincreaseyourphysicalactivity,eatmore_（富含纤维的食物）andcutbackonsaturatedfatsandcholesterol.,_（客人们无休止的争吵）certainlyspoiledtheirappetiteforthebanquet.Doyoulikethe_（白雪覆盖）mountainsintheirmajesty?Ivebeenmakingenquiriesabout_（环球旅行票的价格）.ThecooperativemovementstartedinBritaininthe19thcentury;cooperativesocietiessetupshopsto_（向贫民出售廉价物品）.Although_（长途电话费在上涨）,thechargeforlocalcallswillnotalter.,Beforewestart,canImakesurethatyou_（充分意识到登山的危险性）.Theiraimistofindwaystosatisfythepeasantsdemandto_（变低产田为高产田）._（政府对香港的长远需求的最新研究报告）showspopulationwillexceedninemillion._（许多国产机器）comparedfavorablywithadvancedstandards.Although_（工作分担制计划一年前就开始）veryfewpeoplehaveshownanyinterestinit.,Heissufferingfromfatigueand_（与压力有关的疾病）.Ideemitappropriatethathe_（和他老板交心谈一谈）beforehegaveupthejob.Canyourecommendany_（价钱公道的酒店）inAmsterdam?Computertechnologymakesitpossibleto_（将大量资料贮存在可机读的文档里）.Whenheread_（充满仇恨的的信件）,hestayedquietanddirectedhisangerinward.,OtherComp其他复合词,合成代词anothersometh