初中语法主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致,主谓一致必须遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。,一、语法一致原则,主语和谓语通常在语法形式上取得一致，即主语时单数形式；谓语动词用单数形式；主语时复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。1.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果and连接的两个主语在意义上指同一个人、同一个事或同一个概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如：TedandIhopetojointheartclub.Thesingeranddancerisverypopularnow.,2.不定代词each,someone,anything,nothing,everybody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Eachofthemhasbeentothemuseum.Nothinghashappenedintheend.3.当eachandeach,everyandevery,noandno.等结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Everyboyandeverygirlwantstogotothecinema.Nomanandnoanimalisfoundonthemoon.,4.none作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。All作主语时，谓语动词要由其后所跟的名词或代词的形式而定。如:Noneofusis/areinterestedinthemovie.Allofthebreadtastesdelicious.Allofthestudentsarewaitingfortheschoolbus.,5.当主语由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,like,but,except,besides等词连接时，谓语动词的数通常由前面的词来决定。如：MaryaswellasherfriendsgoescampingonSaturdays.Theparents,alongwiththeirson,areflyingkitesinthepark.,6.thenumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；anumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassisforty.Anumberofvisitorscometovisitmyhometowneveryyear.,7.“halfof,plentyof,therestof,lotsof+名词”和“分数、百分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单复数。如：Halfofthewaterinthecuphasbeendrunkup.Twothirdsofthewaterispolluted.60%ofthestudentsintheclassaregirls.,8.Trousers,glasses,shorts,pants等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类词前有apairof,asetof修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Mytrousersareinstyle.Howmuchisapairofshorts?,9.动词不定式、v-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.Smokingisnotagoodhabit.,二、意义一致原则,意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。1.集体名词people,police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但clothing,traffic等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Thepolicearerunningafterathief.Thereisntanytrafficontheroadatthemoment.,2.集体名词family,class,group,team等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指全体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfamilyisverybig.Thesoccerteamarehavingbaths.,3.“the+形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thesickherearewelllookedafter.Theyoungarethehopeofacountry.4.表示距离、时间、价格、重量、数目、长度等名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：1,000yuaneverymonthisenoughforme.Tenhoursofsleepisenoughfortheyoung.,5.算式中加法和乘法可用单数也可用复数，但减法和除法必须用单数。如：Whatare/isthreeplusthree?Tenminusfiveisfive.6.主语形式为复数而意义却为单数，如：news,maths,physics等词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如:Whatisthenews?Ithinkmathsisveryinteresting.,三、就近原则1.由notonly.butaslo,eitheror,neithernor,等连接的词作主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的词在人称和数保持一致。如：EithersheorherparentsaregoingtovisithergrandparentsthisSunday.Neitheryounoramgoingtothebeach.,2.在therebe句型中，be动词一般和与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.,1.Howmanygirlsarethereinyourclass?-_them_overtwenty.A.Anumberof;areB.Thenumberof;areC.Anumberof;isD.Thenumberof;is2.Hurryup!Oncetheconcertstarts,nobody_toentertheconcerthall.A.allowsB.allowedC.isallowedD.isallowing,中考直通车,3.Theold_takegoodcareofinourcountry.A.isB.hasC.areD.have4.Look!Thepolice_thefoodontothebankoftheriver.A.amcarryingB.iscarryingC.arecarryingD.arecarried5.-Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.-Sorry,Iwithmyparents_atthattime.A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping,6.Rose,togetherwithherparents,_beeninChinafor5years.A.hasB.haveC.had7.-What_thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?-Abouttwothousands.Anumberofthem_fromthecountryside.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are8.There_lotsofsheepandpigsonmyunclesfarmnow.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are,9.-Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?-Yes.Anothertendays_eno