初三英语语法串讲.ppt

初三英语串讲,一名词,(一)可数名词,一般情况下，直接加“s”mapmapsteacherteachers以字母s,x,ss,o,ch,sh结尾的单词，加“es”busbusesboxboxesglassglasseswatchwatchesbrushbrusheschkstomachstomachsheroheroestomatotomatoespotatopotatoesmosquito-mosquitoesbamboobambooszoozoosradioradiosphotophotospianopianoskilokilosvideovideosstudiostudioszerozeros(zeroes),3.以辅字母+y结尾的名词，把“y”变为“i”再加“-es”citycitiescountrycountries以元音字母+“y”结尾的名词，直接加boyboysdaydaysmonkeymonkeys4.以“f”或“fe”结尾的单词，把“f”或者“fe”变成“v”再加“es”thiefthievesknifeknivesleafleaveshalfhalvesselfselvesroofroofschief-chiefs,5.不规则变化manmenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicegoosegeesepolicemanpolicemenEnglishwomanEnglishwomenGerman-Germanshuman-humansgentlemangentlemenamandrivermendriversawomandoctorwomendoctors6.词尾变化childchildrenox-oxen,7.单复数同形fishdeersheepChineseJapanesePortugueseVietnamese只有复数形式的名词clothestrousersglassesshortspants(socks)compassesthanksscissorsapairoftrousersasuitofclotheshair/fruitafewwhitehairsmanyjuicyfruits,(二)不可数名词,单复数形式分别表示不同的意义timetimes次数，时代，倍woodwoods森林workworks工厂，著作paperpapers卷子greengreens蔬菜有些物质名字在表示不同类别的时候可用复数teateas各种茶fruitfruits各种水果fishfishes各种鱼,3.有些抽象名词可以用复数形式来表示具体的事物difficultydifficulties困难4.姓氏theSmiths=theSmithfamily5.量词akiloofaplateofapairofapieceofabagofaboxofabasketofabottleofabowlofaboxoforangestwobasketsofapples,(三)名词所有格,+smymotherswatchTonysmp4TeachersDaystudentsbooksLilyandLucysbedroomLilysandLucysdesksMarysandTomsfathersWomensDayChildrensPalace双重所有格afriendofmineachildoftheirs无生命的用of,但表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家等也可用stodaysnewspapertenminuteswalk特殊用法theanswertothequestionthekeytotheboxthewaytoschool,代词,（一）人称代词表（二）指示代词thisthatthesethosesuchsamesuch/quite/rathersuch:suchwasthestoryWehaveneverseensuchatallbuilding.same:Whetherhecandoitornot,itisallthesametome.Hedived.Ididthesame.(宾语),（三）不定代词,someanysome一般用于肯定句和征求对方意见的句型any多用于疑问，否定或条件句Askmeifyouhaveanyquestions.Idontknowanyofthestudents.Idontknowsomeofthestudents.(部分否定)这些学生中有些我不认识any用于肯定句表示“任何”Youcantakeanyofthem.,oneonesbothneitherallnonemanymuchtoomany+(c)n.toomuch+(u)n.muchtoo+adj.sometimesometimesometimessometimesadv.tooeitheralso,alotoflotsofmanymuchsome(any)severalafewalittlefewlittle,othertheotherotherstheothersonetheother(s)oneanothersomeotherthananyother+n.each(各个)指两个或两个以上的人或物，强调各个every(每个)指三个或者三个以上的人或物，只能做定语.EverystudentinourclasshasaChinesedictionary.Eachofthemhasbeenthere.eitheror构成连词HeiseitherJapaneseorChinese.neithernorNeitheryounorheisaworker.,数词,1100first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,hundredthonehundredandthirty-secondhundredsof(thousandsof/millionsof/billionsof)基数词可以和名词组成形容词，但名词要用单数afive-year-oldboyan800-meter-longbridge表示时间，序数词的前面一般情况下要加“the”,表示偏号LessonOne（1）=thefirstlessonPictureTwo（2）=thesecondpictureBusNo.3=theNo.3busRoom3021/3onethird2/3two-thirds2（2/3）twoandtwo-thirds1/4aquarter3/4three-quarters,Prep.,in/oninthewallinthetreeonthewallonthetreeinfrontofinthefrontofonacoldwintermorningonhisbirthdayin在将来时的用法in,on,to的方位用法inhospitalinthehospitalattableatthetableoverthroughacross,Conj.,and,but,so,orbothandandbothneithernoreitherornotonlybutalsoalthoughthoughXbutbecauseXso,时间状语从句when,while,as,after,before,sincetill,until,assoonas原因：because,as,since条件状语从句if,unlessHewillcomeifheisinvited.Hewillnotcomeunlessheisinvited.引导的状语从句sothat为了=inorderthat结果状语sothatsothatsuchthatItwasverycold,sothatthewaterinthebowlfroze.Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.引导让步状语从句thoughalthoughevenifif和whether引导宾语从句,Adj.&adv.,theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor顺序：冠词（包括物主代词，序数词，基数词)-描绘性形容词（brave,beautiful）表示形状（大小，长短，高矮）的形容词表年龄，同一类的，次序音节少的词在前atall,good-lookingmanablankandwhiteTVset放在不定代词之后Doyouhaveanythingnewtotellus?Iwanttogivemyfriendssomethingnicetoeat.,比较级,规则变化er,ow,ure,letalltallertallestsmallsmallersmallest开音节bravebraverbravestnicenicernicest(tired,pleased,right,real,glad等加more,most)闭音节bigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以辅音+“y”结尾drydrierdriesthappyhappierhappiestheavyearlyeasyhungrytidydirty5.双音节和多音节，加moremost,不规则goodbetterbestwellbetterbestlittlelessleastbadworseworstbadlyworseworstillworseworstmanymoremostmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfarfurtherfurthestoldolderoldestoldeldereldest,比较级,Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAmerica?Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.anyofthestudentswarmerandwarmerthemore,thebetterThemoreheeats,thefatterhewillbe.Heismoreandmoreinterestedinphysics.加强比较的语气much,many,far,alot,alittle,even,still等。oneof+最高级+名词复数Fridayismybusiestday.,冠词,anhouraunitausedbike(mobilephone)an“l”aone-eyedcatanhonestboy交通工具不用冠词（by）,动词,情态动词，助动词，tobeandtodocancouldbeabletomaymightmaymustntmusthavetomustneedntmaybe可能是maybemustbe一定是canbe在我们的范围内多用否定式TheboycantbeMike.HehasgonetoXian.,workworkedworkedworkingstudystudiedstudiedstudyingstopstoppedstoppedregretregrettedregretted4.preferpreferredpreferredamwastobearewerebeenbeingis,shall+v.should+v.will+v.would+v.begoing+v.用来表示已安排或计划，即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词come,go,arrive,fly,start等,现在完成时,alreadysincejustforeversofarneverrecentlyyetbeforehave(has)beentoinhavegoneto,瞬间动词,go(leave)beawayarrivebeherecomebeherefinishbeoverbeginbeonstartbeonbuyhaveborrowkeeplendkeepdiebedeadjoinbeamemberofbecomebe,被动语态p.ppastparticiple,be+p.pbe+beingp.phave(has)been+p.phadbeen+p.pshall+be+p.pwill+be+p.pshould+be+p.pwould+be+p.p,动词不定式,Toaskhimforhelpisnecessary.Itsnecessarytoaskhimforhelp.Tohelppoorpeopleisourduty.Itsourdutytohelppoorpeople.Itsnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.tobeadj.(forsb.)todosth.wanttodoIfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.Wethoughtitbettertostartearly.Ihavealotofworktodo.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.,动宾关系的,Thereisnothing(forus)tothinkabout.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Iuseapentowritewith.Thisisagoodplacetolivein.否定式Hedecidednottogiveupstudyingmaths.Mymothertoldmenottoplayinthestreet.,疑问词+动词不定式,Idontknowwhattodonext.howtogetthere.whichbustotake.Therearealotofthingstobedone.Thebooksandmagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.letsb.dosth.hadbetterdosth.helpsb.(to)notdosth.makesb.do,感官动词,seelookatwatchfindhearlistentofeelnoticeWillyoupleasedosth.notdosth.Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreadandwriteinclass.,动词辨析:look,lookat,seelisten,listento,hearlookfor,findread,watch,findoutbring,take,get,carry,lift,move,removegetto,arriveat(in),reachusedto,beusedtodoing,beusedtodo,beusedfor.bemadein,bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeupof.hearfrom,getaletterfrom,receivealetterfrom.,花费的四种表达方法:tospendonsth.(in)doingsth.timewithsb.timeawayfromsb.topayforIttakessb.sometimetodosth.sth.costsb.+价钱,固定搭配,wanttodosth.decidetodosth.liketodosth.asksb.todosth.hatetodosth.tellsb.todosth.hopetodosth.stoptodosth.begintodosth.stopdoingsth.minddoingsth.stopsb.(sth.)fromdoingsth.finishdoingsth.keepsb.doingsth.finishsth.keepsb.fromdoingsth.practicedoingsth.giveupdoingsth.goondoingsth.helpsb.withsth.enjoydoingsth.helpsb.(to)dosth.enjoysth.helponeselftoenjoyoneselfbuy/give/show/bring/take/lend/send/pass,Idontthink/believeprefertobegoodatbegoodforbebadforbelateforbereadyfor(to)beusedforgetreadyforbemadeof(in,from,up,of)bebusydoingsth.bepleasedwithbeexcitedaboutbesurprisedatbesatisfiedwithbeproudofbebusywithsth.beworriedaboutbeinterestedinbefamousforbeafraidof/that/totobeadj.forsb.todosth.tobetimefor/to/forsb.todosth.,宾语从句状语从句定语从句宾语从句阐述客观真理时时态不变感叹句weatherfoodnewsworkadvicetherebe句型反意疑问句Yes,No.neverhardlyfewlittlemiss话题Makingphonecalls,写作,假如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Annie打算明年到北京来观看奥运会，她想了解北京的天气，人文交通等情况，请你给她发一封E-mail，全面向她介绍北京并欢迎她来，开头已给出：,DearAnnie:ImverygladtoknowyouwanttocometoBeijingforOlympicGamesin2008.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutmyhometowntoyou.YouknowBeijingistheCapitalofChinaanditisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.Therearealotoftallbuildings,wideandcleanstreetsandmanyplacesofinterestsinBeijing.Thetraffichereisveryconvenient.TheweatherinBeijingisbetterinAugust.Itisneithertoohotnortoocoldbecauseitisautumnwhenthemeetingbegins.ThepeopleinBeijingareveryfriendly.Theyareallhelpfulandwarm-hearted.AndnowmostofthemcanspeakEnglish.Theyarebusygettingreadyforthemeeting.Whenyoucome,Icanshowyouaroundthefamouscity.WelcometoBeijing!Imwaitingforyou.YoursLiHua,写作你的笔友在学习英语时，他在记忆方面遇到了困难。希望你能给他一些帮助或建议。你给他写一封回信。,DearBill,Dontworry.Thereareanumberofwaystohelpimproveyourmemor