宾语从句讲解

MainlyRevision,ObjectClauses,宾语从句,一教学任务复习宾语从句二教学重点1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化,教学难点1.if与whether的区别2.宾语从句与简单句的互换,.,问题一:什么是宾语?,宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置于及物动词或介词（动词词组）后。,Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）HowishegettingalongwithhisEnglish?Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Iaminterestedinplayingpiano.Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）.,.,Weknowhim,WeknowhelikesEnglish.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,试比较,问题二:什么是宾语从句?,DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idontknowifhewillcometonight.Letsfindoutwhatsontonight.,FindouttheObjectClauses,WeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.,.,二、宾语从句三要素,连接词,时态呼应,陈述语序,thatif/whether特殊疑问词,连接词+主语+谓语+其他,.,（that）+陈述句Hethinks,“Lucylikesschool.”Hethinks(that）Lucylikesschool.2.if/whether+一般疑问句改写的陈述句Heasked,“WasLucylateagain?”HeaskedifLucywaslateagain.3.特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句改写的陈述句子Heasksme,“WhenwillLucycome?”HeasksmewhenLucywillcome.,.,that,当陈述句充当宾语时，由_连接,练一练,1.Thisisabook.-Iknow2.Youlikesinging.-Shesays3.Heworkedlastnight.-Iknow4.Theywillgohome.-TellLucy,主句,.,(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?,Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?,(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idontknow,Idontknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.,当一般疑问句充当宾语，由_连接,if/whether,.,练一练,1.Ishereading?1）Wasshelateyesterday?2.DoesTomworkhard?2)DidyouwatchTV?3.Willtheyreadbooks?3)Canyousing?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow2.Iwanttoknow,if/whether,.,注意：只能用whether不用if的三种情况一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下情况只能用whether：1.与ornot连用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.2.在介词之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.3.在不定式之前：Wehaventdecidedwhethertogothere.4.作主语只能用whetherWhetherhewillcomeisnotdecided.,.,3.当特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由_连接,Eg:,1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?,Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?,2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?,Doyouknowwhereshelives?,特殊疑问词,.,练一练,Whendoeshegetup?Howdidhegotowork?WhowillTomplaywith?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow2.Iwanttoknow3.Canyoutellme,HelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.,三.宾语从句的语序-陈述语序,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。,四.宾语从句的时态变化,填一填,was,is,willcook,issinging,hasbeen,wasplaying,hadlearned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.,1)HetoHongKong.,2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)Hehiswork.,辨一辨,wouldgo,was,wasreading,hadfinished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从句时态,连接前,连接后,一般现在时,时态由从句决定,一般过去时,一般现在时work,一般过去时worked,一般过去时worked,过去完成时hadworked,一般将来时willwork,过去将来时wouldwork,现在进行时isworking,过去进行时wasworking,现在完成时haveworked,过去完成时hadworked,3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）,Hetoldme(that),SummerisafterSpring.,Iwastold(that),thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.,Myparentstoldme(that),nonewsisgoodnews.,比一比,比一比IdontknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idontknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句疑问词+todo的简单句。,五.宾语从句与简单句的转换,.,练一练1.IdontknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句Idontknow_next.2.Johndidntdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）Johndidntdecide_.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）Canyoutellme_thebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）CanyoutellLucy_theMP5.,Whattodo,whichbooktobuy,howIcangetto,howshecanuse,.,1.Couldyoutellmewegettotheplace?AhowBwhetherCwhereDwhat2.Theteachersaysshewillleaveamessageontheheadmastersdesk.AifBwhoCthatDwhat3.Iamnotsure_hewillcometomorrow.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.who4.-Doyouremember_hecame?-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if,A,C,解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词,Exercises:,B,A,.,5.Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater?AMumisneededBdoesMumneedCMumneedsDdidMumneed6.Canyoutellme?AwhereheisBwhereisheCheiswhereDwhatishe7.Iwanttoknowhowlong.AhashebeenbackBhashecomebackChehasbeenbackDhehascomeback,C,A,C,解题指导二：陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语，,.,8.Ithoughthe_toseehismotherifhe_time.AwillgohasBwillgowillhaveCwouldgowouldhaveDwouldgohad9.Doyouknow?A.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenewsC.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews,.,解题指导三:时态呼应若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。,10.IdidntknowhowtoLondon?AwouldtheygoBaretheygoingCtheywouldgoDtheyaregoing,C,.Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?2Sheknewt