质量保证工作方法.ppt

,PSA供应商质量保证工作方法,PSAsQualityManagementProcedurePSA质量工作步骤介绍,3Stages:3个阶段：,Stage1,Needexpressingandsupplierchoosing.阶段1，需求的表达和供应商的选择。,Stage2,QualityAssurancebyProductandProcessManagement(AQMPPinFrench).阶段2，通过产品和过程的控制实现质量保证(简称AQMPP).,Stage3,QualityControlinMassProduction阶段3，量产阶段生产产品的质量控制.,SupplierPre-qualification供应商预鉴定,ObjectiveofStage1第1阶段的目的,Toexpressclearlyandpreciselytheneedsofvehiclemanufacturerbymeansofcompleteandexhaustiveconsultationdocuments:plans,standards,technicalspecificationsofdesign(STEinfrench),materials,experiments,validationplans,etc借助于完整齐全的咨询文档资料：图纸，标准，技术规定（STE），材料，试验，确认计划等来清楚、准确地表达PSA的需求。,Needexpressingandsupplierchoosing需求的表达和供应商的选择,Toretainthemostcompetitivesupplier,whocanguaranteetherequiredqualitylevelandfulfilltheobligationsofhisoffer.选择最具竞争力，最有能力保证达到所要求的质量水平，并能对其报价负责任的供应商。,Toformalizetheresponsibilities.明文规定各种职责。,ConsultationDocuments咨询文件,ManagementandQualityassuranceClauses管理及质量保障条款,TechnicalSpecification技术规范,Contractualandeconomicspecifications合同规定要求的技术说明书,Consultationdocument咨询文件,Figure,economicobjectives,partnership,spareparts,guarantee,数字,经济目标,合作关系,备件,保修,Requirementsandobjectivesrelatedtoproducts与产品有关的要求及目标,Requirementstoensurethequalitycontrolofallthedelivery确保控制整个供货链质量的相关要求,ManagementandQualityassuranceClauses管理及质量保障条款,Technicalspecification技术规范,Contractualandeconomicspecifications带有契约条款要求的技术说明书,Consultationdocuments:responsibility咨询文件：职责,ForPSA,ithelpstoprecise:ProjectteamorganisationofPSA,Disposalsforprojectfollowup,Productqualityobjectives,Therespectiveresponsibilities,Disposalsforqualityassurance,Deviationtreatments,Audits(Process,Products),andtheexpectedresults,对PSA而言，它用于明确：PSA的项目组织，项目的跟踪措施，产品的质量目标，各自的职责，质量保证措施，偏差的处理，审核（过程，产品），以及所期待的效果,Management&QualityassuranceClauses管理条款与质量条款,Howcanthisbeuseful?有何作用?,Management&QualityassuranceClauses管理条款与质量条款,PROJECTMANAGEMENTCLAUSES项目管理条款Projectorganization项目组织Generalplanningstagesandschedulingofreviews/计划的一般阶段和评审的定位PSAteamorganization/PSA项目组的构成Supplierteamorganization/供应商项目组的构成SharingoftasksbetweenPSAandtheSupplier/PSA和供应商任务的分配Planningandcheckingthework工作的计划及控制ActivityReport/活动报告Monitoringtheprogressivequalificationoftheproductandtheprocess/产品和过程的逐步鉴定跟踪,Management&QualityassuranceClauses管理条款与质量条款,QUALITYASSURANCECLAUSES质量保证条款Qualityobjectivesandrequirements质量目标及要求Commitmenttooperationalsecurity:Safety/功能确定性承诺：安全性Commitmentrelatingtofailure/故障承诺Commitmentrelatingtoreliability/可靠性承诺Commitmenttoaptitudeformaintenance/可维护性承诺Commitmenttoqualityasnew/新品质量承诺QualityAssuranceMeasures质量保证措施Requirementsrelatingtodealingwithknowndefects(FaultEradicationPlan)/已知缺陷处理要求（缺陷消除计划）Requirementsrelatingtodealingwithrisks(RiskManagementPlan)/风险处理要求（风险控制计划）Requirementsrelatingtooperationalsafety(OperationalSafetyPlan)/运行确定性要求（运行确定性计划）nRankSuppliers/N级供应商Dealingwithtechnicalchanges技术处理,Thesupplierwilltakehisresponsibilitysincehisresponsetoconsultation供应商一旦投标就意味着其承担责任,Throughhisoffer,thesupplierwilltakehisresponsibilityto通过投标，供应商承担如下责任：,Tomeettheexplicitandimplicitrequirementsofthetechnicalspecifications,torespectthemanagementandqualityassuranceclauses满足技术条件中明示的和隐含的要求并遵守质量管理条款,Thisismuchmorethantocommitoneselftoapriceandcarryingouttheproposedtechnicalsolutions.因此，供应商的责任范围不仅仅是报价并实施所建议的技术方案。,Theneedexpressinghasbeenformalizedandoptimized.需求的表达已优化和文件化。Thesupplierhasbeenselected.供应商已选定。TheresonsibilitiesbetweenPSAandsupplierhavebeenformalizedPSA和供应商职责已以书面形式确定。,Definitiveproductmeetseachfunctionalspecification.产品确定并满足每个功能要求。Definitiveprocess,adjustedandbeabletoproduceonlygoodparts过程确定,调试，并有能力只提供合格产品。,AQMPPsituationinQualityProcedureAQMPP在质量步骤中的位置,Product/ProcessQualificationSteps产品/过程鉴定步骤,Stage1阶段1Needexpressingandsupplierchoosing需求表达和供应商选择,Stage2阶段2QualityAssurancebyProductandProcessManagement通过产品和过程控制保证质量,Stage3阶段3QualityControlinMassProduction批量产品质量控制,PreliminaryTechnicalAnalysis(ATP)技术预分析,AQMPPInitializationReviewAQMPP初始化评审,Sequenceofthisstep本阶段的展开,Confrontation&communicationandConvergence对照交流并达成协议,TobepreparedforAQMPPinitializationreview,PSAandSuppliermakealistfromeachsideofallworriestobetakenintoconsideration,soastoworkoutQ3P(QualificationProgressiveofProductandProcess)steps.供应商和PSA各自汇总所有需要考虑的任务细节，为AQMPP初始化评审会议作准备，目的在于建立产品及过程逐步鉴定(简称Q3P)的工作方法。,PreliminaryTechnicalAnalysis(ATP)技术预分析(简称ATP),Why?为什么？,SuppliersPreliminaryTechnicalAnalysis供应商技术预分析,Identificationofthetasksandthepropositionoftask-sharingbetweenPSAandsupplier识别出工作任务、PSA/供应商之间的分工Identificationofrisksaboutproductandprocess识别出产品和过程的风险因素Stepsfordefectseradication缺陷消除工作步骤Developmentplan开发计划Productvalidationplan产品认可计划Functionreliabilityplan运行确定性计划Processdescription对过程进行描述Componentsandmaterialsorigin配件及材料来源Industrialdiagram,industrializationplan工业简图，工业化计划：即平面布局图和新设备新流水线的设置Qualityplan,qualitycommitments质量计划，质量承诺Logisticmeans物流设备Identificationofprojectmembers项目组成员识别,LettertypeSuppliersATP供应商技术预分析标准信件,Thesuppliersetsupascaffoldingtobuildupthequalityofproductandprocess供应商搭建“脚手架”以架构起产品和过程的质量,Partsdefinition,references,partsindexandprojectplanning零件定义，编号，零件及图纸更改标记，项目计划ResponsibilitiessharingbetweenPSA/supplierPSA/供应商之间的职责分工Qualityrisksandrecordings质量风险及历史纪录Stepsofdefectseradication缺陷消除工作步骤EssentialFunctionalandTechnicalCharacteristics关键技术与功能特性（简称CTFE）Identificationofprojectsmembers项目组成员识别Logistics,logisticmeans,andinvestment物流，物流设备，设备投资,PSAPrelimininaryTechnicalAnalysisPSA技术预分析,SummaryPSAsATPPSA的技术预分析总结,InitialisationReview（1/2）初始化评审（1/2）,Toformalizethedefinitions,references,logistics,projectplanning将零件定义，编号，物流，项目计划编制成文ToformalizetheresponsibilitiessharingbetweenPSAandsupplier将PSA/供应商之间的职责分工形成文本Toformalizethemajorrisksoftheproject,precisethemilestoneofcontrolplan将项目的主要风险形成文本,明确监控计划的立标检查制度Tocarryoutriskscontrolanddefectseradificationsteps实施缺陷消除及风险控制工作步骤ToprecisetheEssentialFunctionalandTechnicalCharacteristics明确关键技术和功能特性（简称CTFE）,InitialisationReview（2/2）初始化评审（2/2）,Toformalizetheproductvalidationplan(material,test,function,reliability)将产品认可计划编成文本（材料，试验，功能，可靠性等。）Toformalizethedevelopmentandindustrializationplan将开发及工业化计划编成文本Tomakethemilestoneforproductandprocessvalidation对产品和过程认可的重要节点Toworkouttheinteractivequestionnaire实施互动式问卷Toratifythequalityplanandqualityobjectives批准质量计划及质量目标ToinitializeQ3Pform(QualificationProgressiveofProductandProcess)产品及过程逐步审核表格（简称Q3P表格）初始化,InitialisationReport初始化会议报告,InitialisationReview初始化评审,Participants成员,Supplier:projectteam(atleasttheteamleader,technicalpilot,qualitypilot)供应商方面：项目组（至少包括项目主管，技术主管及质量负责人）PSA:PPP:PilotProductandProcessorrepresentativeexpert行业产品过程主管(PPP)或行业代表人AAQO:AnimatorQualityAssuranceOperational质量保证实施推进人(AAQO)AuditorfromShanghaioffice上海采购办事处的审核员ProjectBuyer(AP)orsourcingofficerfromShanghaioffice项目采购员(AP)或上海采购办事处的采购员,InitialisationReview初始化评审,Toenrichhistechnologywithhisexperience把经验反馈纳入其专业领域Toproposetheindustrialsolutions,qualityplan,industrialisationplan,developmentplanandactionplans建议并说明工业化技术方案，质量计划，工业化和开发计划，行动计划ToexplainhisunderstandingofPSAsrequirements:CTFE,planning,CMQ,qualityrequirements阐述如何认真对待PSA的要求:关键技术和功能特性（CTFE）,计划，管理及质量条款（简称CMQ）,质量要求Tojustifyhischoiceandprovidedocuments对自己选择的全部方案进行论证并文件化,ROLEofSupplier供应商的角色,InitialisationReview初始化评审,ToofficializeproductrequirementsofPSA(generalplan,specificationsheet,techniquespecifications,standard,validationplan,testingsharing)正式化PSA的产品要求（底图，技术任务书，技术规范，标准，认可计划，试验分工）Tovalidatethesuppliersproposals:Processdescription,developmentorindustrialisationplan,defectseradicationplan,materialchoices,originsofcomponents对供应商的提议进行生效：过程描述，开发和工业化计划，缺陷消除计划，材料选择，组件来源等进行确认Tobeinchargeofguidingthedevelopment(forco-developmentparts)将负责项目开发的推进（对共同开发的零件而言）,ROLEPPP行业产品过程主管的角色,InitialisationReview初始化评审,Workingundertheresponsibilityoftechnicalexperts在行业专家的领导下开展工作HavingwrittentheManagementandQualityassuranceClauses(CMQ),andcontentsofPSAsATP.(PreliminaryTechnicalAnalysis)已编制管理与质量条款（CMQ）及PSA技术预分析内容HavinggatheredthelistofrisksidentifiedbythedifferentsinterlocutorsPSA,andmakesurethedistribution.已收集由PSA各方面参与者识别的风险，编制了清单并确保发放MakingsurethesuppliersproposalscorrespondwithCMQrequirements.确保供应商的建议符合质量管理条款的要求,ROLEAAQO质量保证实施组织者的任务,InitialisationReview初始化评审,ToguidetheInitializationReviewandtheprojectfollowupmeetings,andwritetheminutes.主持初始化评审及项目复审会议，撰写以后会议纪要。ToensuretheagreementsbetweenthesupplierandPSA,concerningtheindustrialisationplans,communicationplan,andqualityplan确保供应商和PSA就工业化计划,交流计划,质量计划.达成协议。Duringthewholedevelopment,beresponsibletoensurethefulfillingofsupplierscommitments:partsprices,investment,planning,partsdelivery,partstraceability.在整个开发过程中将负责监督供应商承诺的遵守：零件价格,投资,计划，零件发送，检验报告，零件可追溯性。,ROLEProjectBuyer(AP)项目采购员角色,Product/ProcessQualificationSteps产品/过程鉴定步骤,Stage1阶段1Needexpressingandsupplierchoosing需求表达和供应商选择,Stage2阶段2QualityAssurancebyProductandProcessManagement通过产品和过程控制保证质量,Stage3阶段3QualityControlinMassProduction批量产品质量控制,Secondpart:Q3Pform第二部分:Q3P表格,SecondPart:Q3PForm第二部分：Q3P表格,Q3P,whatsthis?什么是Q3P？,QPPP：QualificationProgressiveofProductandProcess（Q3P）QPPP:对产品和过程的逐步鉴定,Onecommonmethodologytoqualifygraduallytheproductandtheprocess.是一个逐步鉴定产品和过程的通用方法。,Severalsteps:Q3Pqualificationstepswhichpassfromonetoanother.分几个阶段：由Q3P的鉴定状态实现从一个阶段到另一个阶段的过渡。,Sometimingfollow-upindicatorsofproductandprocessdevelopment.包括对产品及过程开发进程跟踪的一系列指标。,SecondPart:Q3PForm第二部分：Q3P表格,Q3PForm:principleQ3P表格：原理,Q3PRequirementsQ3P要求,Deliveryqualifiedandintime按时并且合格的交付,Deliverynon-qualifiedorseriouslydelayed不合格或严重延迟交付,Delayedand/orthedeliveryqualityinacceptable延迟交付不可接受和/或交付质量不可接受,Onceonedeviationhappens:一旦发现偏差：Implementactionplans(AAQO/Supplier)实施行动计划（质量保证实施推进人/供应商）Ifnecessary,interventiontothesupplier(Projectteam)如有必要，介入供应商（由项目组）,Q3P:significationofcouloursQ3P中颜色的含义,DFE(Distributiondesign):ProductdesignDFE（产品设计发放）：产品设计阶段SRU(Uniquerepresentativestage):PrototypevalidationSRU（唯一代表性阶段）：样品确认阶段OCM(OfficialisationofCreationsorModifications):DefinitionofficializationOCM（创立或修改正式化）：定义正式化阶段IOD(Madebydefinitivetools):MakingrepresentativepartsIOD（源自最终工装）：代表性零件的生产阶段PRSHL(Try-productionoutline):Makingcarswithnon-definitiveprocessPRSHL（线外预批）：过程未经确认的车辆生产阶段PRSEL(Try-productiononline):MakingcarswithdefinitiveprocessPRSEL（线上预批）：过程得到最终确认的车辆生产阶段AVSML(Beforemassproductionbatchmethod):MakingmarketablecarsbybatchAVSML（批量前批接收）：按批次商品化车辆生产阶段MEC(Raiseproduction):MakingmarketablecarsinmassproductionMEC（发展满负荷生产）：商品化批量生产阶段,DifferentsQ3PStepsdefinitionQ3P各阶段,Forreference指示性(Forvehicleproject)（对某整车项目而言）,J7+24s,ThedifferentstepsofQ3PQ3P各阶段,Productdefinitioncontrol产品定义控制Productvalidationcontrol产品认可控制Controlofoperatingrelibility,risksanddefects运行确定性，风险及缺陷控制ControlofCTFEs(EssentialFunctionalandTechnicalCharacteristics)关键技术和功能特性（简称CTFE）控制Controlofproductcompliance产品合格性控制Productqualificationsummarypackage产品审核的综合资料,Q3P:ItemsforProductProgressiveQualificationQ3P中产品逐步审核项目,Q3P:ItemsofProcessProgressiveQualificationQ3P中过程逐步审核项目,Controlofprocessscheduling,trackingandrisks计划、可追溯性及过程风险的控制Controlofprocessdefinitionandindustrialisation过程定义的控制及工业化控制Controlofgrade2andabovesuppliers2级及以上供应商控制Controlofpackingandlogistics物流和包装的控制Processqualificationsummarypackage过程审核的综合资料,Q3PFormQ3P表格,SUPPORTQ3PQ3P载体,Q3PfillingineachstepQ3P表格各阶段填写,http:b2b.psa-peugeot-,StepSRUSRU阶段,StepOCMOCM阶段,Q3PvalidationstepbystepQ3P各阶段逐一认可,MacroProcedureQ3P宏观Q3P过程,StepsRequirementsofProductandProcessQualificationinQ3PQ3P表格中产品和过程鉴定的不同阶段的要求,Q3P:Productacceptancestaterequirements(supplybybatch)Q3P:产品验收状态的要求（产品批次供货）,Q3Pfollow-uprequirements(product/process)Q3P要求的跟踪（产品/过程）,2Lettres+1Number两个字母+一个数字,Q3P:ProductAcceptanceStateQ3P:产品验收状态,Q3P:AcceptanceStateofExpectedProductQ3P:所期待的产品验收状态（可接受的下限）,ATTENTIONTHESUPPLIERDOESTHEQUALIFICATION,ANDTHEQUALIFICATIONISACCEPTEDBYPSA,BUT注意供应商做了鉴定，并且鉴定被PSA所接受，但是,AccepttheresultsofsuppliersproductandprocessqualificationdoesnotmeanunderanycircumastancestheresponsibilitytransferedfromsuppliertoPSA!对供应商提交的产品及过程鉴定结果的认可并不意味着供应商对PSA责任的转移！,Q3P:afollow-upandanalertform,withallsupportingdocumentsrequiredQ3P基于要求提交的各类文件，,becompletedthroughsomedifferentinterventions,timingfollow-up,audit,validation,actionplansfollow-up并辅助于通过诸如进展跟踪，审核，验收，对改进计划进行跟踪等方式来参与进来的一种跟踪和报警的表格。,Q3P,aformandsomeinterventionsPSAQ3P表格及PSA的介入,Pilot主导人：Projectmanager项目负责人Organizer组织人：Buyer采购员,Executors实施人：severalactors多个参与者：Auditor,projectteam,buyer,expert审核员，项目小组，采购员，专家,Theinterventionsfrequencevariesaccordingtotherisksandtrustlevel介入的频次根据风险程度及信任度而不同,Q3P,aformandsomeinterventionsPSAQ3P表格及PSA的介入,Q3P,aformandsomeinterventionsPSAQ3P表格及PSA的介入,SomedifferentinterventionsPSA:Timingfollow-upmeetingProduct/ProcessReviewDevelopmentAuditActionplansfollow-upProduct/ProcessacceptancevisitFullrateproductionevaluationProductconformitycheckingEtc,PSA各种介入方式：进展跟踪会议产品/过程评审开发审核行动计划跟踪产品/过程验审参观满负荷生产能力评估核实产品合格性等等,Objective目标,Who?谁？,Verifydeeplythattheprocedureofofferpreparation,projectmanagement,productandprocessdevelopmentarestrictlyrespected.通过深入分析，检验报价、项目管理、产品开发及过程开发等程序是否得到了严格的遵守。,How?怎样？,When?何时?,Bytheapplicationofrightauditformevaluatingthesuppliersfunctionandsituation,andtherisksindifferentsteps.通过使用相应的质量审核表格，评估供应商运作的实际情况和各个阶段的风险。,Onequalifiedauditoraccompaniedbyabuyerand/oranexpert.由授权了的质量审核员来实施，必要时，采购员和/或专家进行参与,BytherequestofPSAprojectteam应PSA项目小组要求Bytherequestofbuyer应采购员要求,DevelopmentAudit开发审核,Objective目标,How?怎样？,Who?谁？,Product/Processacceptancevisit产品/过程验证的参观,Q3P,aformandsomeinterventionsPSAQ3P表格及PSA的介入,Verifytheexpectedintermediateresultsaboutproductandprocess验证产品和过程所期望的中间阶段的效果,Byscheduledvisit根据计划好的参观频次。,Carriedoutbyprojectteam,oneauditor,andsometechnicalexpertsifnecessary.由项目组，审核员及技术专家来进行，必要时，工艺人员参与,When?何时？,AttheendofQ3PreviewQ3P评审结束后Untiltheclotureofform直到表格填写完整Securityapproval(ifsecurityparts)安全协议签定（如是安全件）Others其它要求,Q3P,aformandsomeinterventionsPSAQ3P表格及PSA的介入,Product/processacceptancevisit产品/过程验收的参观,Objective目标,Tobesurethatalltheproductionmeansareready确保所有的设施安装就位Toestimatethecapacityofproductionmeans评估生产设备的能力Toevaluatetheabilityofthesuppliertoguaranteethequality/quantityofmassproductionsupplying评估供应商批量生产阶段保质保量交付货物的能力Toverifytheconditionstogetthepotentialofsaturation验证潜在饱和的获得条件,FullRateProductionEvaluation满产评估,How?如何？,Who?由谁？,FullRateProductionEvaluation满产评估,Potentielnominal潜在产能,When?何时？,EPC1:duringPRSEL1满产评估1：线上预批1阶段EPC2:beforePSAraiseproduction满产评估2：PSA批量增长之前,FullRateProductionEvaluation满产评估,Theproducthasbeenqualifiedbythesupplier,产品已由供应商自己鉴定完毕，,.So,allthatcouldbeanticipatedhasbeencarriedoutinapreventivemanner.Andnow,thismustbeconfirmedasefficientandpertinentundermassproductionconditions这样，所有作为预防而事先考虑好的措施都已实施。现在必须确认在批量环境下，它是有效的和适宜的.e,Confirmationqualificationstateatthebeginningofmassproduction批量生产初期对鉴定状态的确认,Thisisthesubjectofthequalificationconfirmationatthebeginingofmassproduction它将作为批量生产初期鉴定状态的确认对象。,Theprocesshasbeenqualifiedbythesupplier,过程已由供应商自己鉴定完毕，,TheresultshasbeenacceptedbyPSAPSA已接受了这些鉴定结果,Carryouttheanticipatedcontrolplansbythesupplier供应商实施规定的控制计划,Inwaitingfortheefficiency,supervisedbyPSAoroneinstitutionagreedbyPSA:在等待有效性证实前，PSA或者PSA认可的机构对供应商进行监控GoodverificationofCTFEontheproducts仔细检查了客户制定产品的关键特性（CTFE）Goodapplicationofcontrolplans认真实施了规定的控制计划Goodimplementationofrequiredpackagingandidentification严格执行了要求的包装和标识,QualificationStateConfirmation鉴定状态的确认,QualificationStateConfirmation鉴定状态的确认,4levelsofsurpervisionareforecastedaccordingtosuppliersrisksandproductsrisks:根据供应商和产品的风险程度进行4个层次的监控：-simpleauditafter1monthofmassproductionrunning量产启动后的一个月的简单审核-OnePSAauditorpresenceduringthebeginningofproductionrunning投产初期PSA审核员的派驻监控-Supervisionbyoneorseveralinspectorsfromaninstitutionagreedduringseveralmonths认可机构的监督人员持续几个月的监控-ImplementtheadditionalinspectionsbyPSAoraninstitutionagreedPSA或认可的机构实施补充性检验,Howlongwillthequalificationstateconfirmationlast?鉴定状态的确认一直持续到何时？,Untilthesupplierprovethattheirprocessiscontroled,theyareabletoproduceinmassproductionwiththeanticipatedrateandqualitylevel.直到供应商证明其过程处于受控状态,有能力按预期的满产能力及质量水平进行批量生产，UntilPSAhasgotenoughconfidencetotakeawaythissurpervision直到PSA获得了足够的信任来取消这种监控,PPPisinchargeoftheprovisionuntiltheconfirmationofqualification.产品过程主管（简称PPP）对从产品的供给到鉴定确认这一整个过程负责。Heacceptsthesupplierswork.他认可供应商提供的服务（工作）。,ClotureofQ3PformQ3P表格填写完毕,Stage3：QualityControlinMassProduction阶段3：批量生产中产品的质量控制,Needexpressinghasbeenformalizedandoptimized.需求的表达已优化和文件化。Thesupplierhasbeenselected.供应商已选定。TheresponsibilitiesbetweensupplierandPSAhasbeenformalized.PSA和供应商职责已以书面形式确定。,Theproducthasbeendefinedandmeetsallfunctionalspecifications.产品已定义并满足每个功能要求。Theprocesshasbeendefined,adjusted,andiscapabletomakeonlygoodparts.过程已定义且调试并有能力只提供合格产品Thequalificationofproductandprocesshavebeenpronouncedbythesupplier,anditisacceptedbyPSA.供应商已自行实施过程和产品鉴定。PSA已对鉴定结果的确认。,zeroKM零公里控制,ResultscheckedbyPSAbeforedelivery产品交付前由PSA对产品进行检验Qualityincidentslevel(1,2,3)bygravity质量问题级别（1，2，3）PPMat0km(QualityIncidentsfrequencyinplant)工厂事故频率（百万分一）Blockingthenon-conformitystorage不合格产品冻结库存,PPM(Qualityincidentsfrequencyafter-sales)用户事故频率（百万分一）Crisisinguarantee保修期重大质量事故Costsinguarantee(Comtec)保修件成本(原因和责任分析技术委员会)Modernizations(Recall)更新换代(召回),After-sales售后质量控制,ProductqualityindicatorsinMassProduction批量生产中产品的质量指标,AMDEUS,Suppliersabnormalityanddefectsaccompaniment供应商缺陷和不良的应付。Plants,PSADirectionsandSuppliershaveaquickaccesstoth