水利水文术语表-中英对照

水圈hydrosphere水water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学工程hydrology水蒸气water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积雪snow cover下雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail陷印interception凹陷depression detention地面滞留surface detention地面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面蒸发水面土壤蒸发evaporation from soil分发(植物蒸腾) transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗透(渗透) infiltration稳定渗透steady infiltration渗透能力infiltration capability河川流出river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪流出snowmelt runoff枯季流出dry season runoff基本流程base flow阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low-level jet低涡vortex旋风分离器(高压) anticyclone旋风分离器(低压) cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm气团air mass前线(前线) front气象meteorology气候区分climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone气候微型climated亚热带subtropic zone比湿specific humidity蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale霜点frost point霜冻frostbite无霜期frost-free period流域watershed (basin )封闭流域enclosed basin非封闭流域non-enclosed basin闭流区(内流区) bling drainage area分水线(分水岭) divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics河道复流(河道再生) resurgence多年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河(地上河) elevendstream夺流河(断丝河) captured river盈水河gaining stream赤字河流losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河boundary river废河道(古河道) dead river凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水滨线(岸线) water line堤防levee河长river length河弯了river bend弯曲率tortuosity航线navigable channel河段到达潜在的submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow稳定流steady flow非定常流unsteady flow均匀流(等速流) uniform flow非一流(变速流) non-uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓冲subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头(位能) elevatefhead低强水头(压力能量) pressure head流速水头(动能) velocity head雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力要素hydraulic factor湿润的周围perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽高比width-depth ratio落差fall驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐分salinity碱度alkalinity酸度acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度(浊度) turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度(永久硬度) non-carbonate hardness浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice冻结期间freeze-up period冻结(封河) freeze-up扁平密封flat freeze-up光之美少女freeze-up冰盖ice cover彻底冻结grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound冻结冰缘ice edge of freeze-up清沟引线初生清沟primary lead再生槽secondary lead冰花路毡slugridroadfelt冰上的雪snow cover over ice冰山ice ridge冰隙crack悬疑suspended ice cover冰山ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解压缩期间break-up期间冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水月中天lunar transit潮汐力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide满潮时间duration of tidal rise落潮时间duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current使流行高涨的flood tidal current潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速度tidal velocity往复流reversing current回旋流rotary current潮流期间duration of tidal current动臂持续时间duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度(地下水水面坡度)地球水准调度员(hydraulic gradient of groundwater )地下水等水位线图water-table contour map含水层aquifer含水岩系water-content rock series含水岩组water-content rock formation含水岩性water-content rock property含水介质water-hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed遮水层confirmbed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(放水系数)coefficient of transmissivity蓄水系数storativity水位传导系数(水力扩散系数)coefficientofwatertableconductivity压力传递系数coefficientofpressureconductivity保水度water-holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorptioncoefficientofsoilmoisture枯萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛细管断裂含水量moisturecontentatcapillaryrupture最大水分吸水量maximummolecularmoisturecontent零流束面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入侵补给precipitation recharge降水渗透补给系数coefficientofprecipitationrecharge地表水补给surface water recharge冷凝水补给condensation recharge侧面补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigationrechargecoefficientofgroundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发极限深度criticaldepthofphreaticwaterevaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水深度burieddepthofphreaticwaterlevel潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节湖seasonal lake富营养湖eutrophic lake贫营养湖poornutrient lake湖流lake current倾斜流gradient current漂流current of friction湖面上漂浮着海浪湖水的增减lake wind denivellation湖沼率lake ratio湖补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖水交换周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面海拔elevation of water level in lake岛屿比率insulosity湖层lake layering正温层直接thermalstreratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖沼形态参数morphometric parameter of lake高位沼(贫营养沼) main level mire