高一英语专题复习：Summary 概要写作

.,Summary,.,Itisabrief,thoroughandobjectiverestatementofthemainideaandkeypointsofalongercomposition.,Whatisasummary?,.,1.NocommentsDontshareyourownopinionabouttheissue.,2.NodetailsOmitdetailedinformation,examplesanddialogues.,3.NocopyingDontcopytheoriginalsentences.Condense（缩写）sentences.,4.CoherenceUsetheshortestpossibletransitions,likehowever,besides,becauseetc.,5.NumberofwordsWriteinabout60words(40-80).,.,Tips:Waysofcondensation,HeknewEnglishwell.,Hereceiveda(n)_welcome.,icy,.,Hurryup_youllmissthetrain.,MaryaskedJerrynottoputtoomuchsaltonhisfood.,or,.,SummaryPassageA,.,.,complain,.,Readingandunderstanding,Narration,WhatisthestyleofPassageA?,Argumentation,Exposition(说明文),Readforthestructure.,.,astrongstatementofopinion,supportingevidence,thetopicsentence,supportingsentences,.,Practice:summarywriting,Stepone,FindthetopicsentenceinPara1,Steptwo,UnderlinethesupportingsentencesinPara2，3and4,Stepthree,Summarizeitinyourownwords,usingtransitionstomakeitcoherent.,.,1,Therearetimeswhennothingseemstobeworkinginourfavor.Wemayusecomplainingasacopingmechanismwhenwearetrulyunhappy.However,therearemanytimeswhenwedonttryourbestandjustwantthingstoworkourway.Wemaytrytocoverourfaultsbycomplainingabouttheunfairnessofitall.Theseareexpressivecomplaintswherethecomplainerjustwantstoletouthis/herangerorfrustration,withnorealintentionofsolvingtheproblem.Thecomplainerexpectspityandrecognitionfromthelistenersalthoughtheresultsoftendisappointhim/her.,.,Sometimespeopleusecomplainingtoletoutbadfeelingsinsteadofsolvingproblems.,summarizePara1,.,2,Sometimes,weusecomplaintsasaconversationstarter.Conversationsthatstartwithacomplaintoftenhaveadominoeffect.Itmaycausethelistenertoincludehis/hercomplaintsintheconversationaswell,whichmakesyouthinkthatyouarenottheonlyonefacingproblems.However,yourgoodfeelingwontlastlongaslongasyouarealwaysfocusingonthenegative.,.,Itwontmakeyouhappybecauseyoualwaysfocusonthenegative.,summarizePara2,.,3,Whencomplainingbecomesahabit,youcomplaintoanyonethatcomesaround.Negativitythatcomesfromcomplainingkillscreativityandinnovation(创新).Habitualcomplainersarelesslikelytocomeupwithnewideas,astheyarebusyfindingfaultsanddiscourageothersfromtryingnewthingsbymakingthemfeelthattheywontwork.Whenyouspendtimewithpeoplewhoconstantlycomplain,youarelikelytoviewthingsinanegativelight.Thiswillmakethingsworse.Thiscanaffectthewayyouperceiveyourownsituation,andeventhepeoplearoundyou.,.,Hangingoutwithhabitualcomplainersmayaffectthewayyouseethingsinanegativepespective,whichcanalsokillyourcreativity.,summarizePara3,.,4,Thoughexpressingyourfeelingsmaymomentarilyimproveyourstateofmind,itcouldsometimeshaveabadeffectonthelistenersstateofmind.Arecentstudyhasshownthatatsocialgatheringswhilepeoplewhoareunhappymayjoinyouwhenyouplaythevictimatthebeginning,themajoritywouldstartavoidingyoubecauseofyournegativity.,.,Peopleusuallytrytoavoidapersonwhoisalwayscomplaining.,summarizePara4,.,supportingevidence.(Para2，3&4),yourgoodfeelingwontlastlongaslongasyouarealwaysfocusingonthenegative.Negativitythatcomesfromcomplainingkillscreativityandinnovation.Whenyouspendtimewithpeoplewhoconstantlycomplain,youarelikelytoviewthingsinanegativelight.,themajoritywouldstartavoidingyoubecauseofyournegativity.Thekeywords:complainnegative/negativity,negative.,Negativity,negative,negativity.,complaining.,complain,.,WhatdoyouthinkofthetwosummariesofPassageA?Accordingtothecriteria,giveyourcomments.,.,Wemaycomplainwhenweareunhappy.Thecomplainerhopesthatlistenerscanshowpitytohim,buttheresultsareoftenunsatisfactory.Ifpeoplealwayscomplain,theycantthinkofcreativeideas,astheyaredevotedtofindingfaultsanddiscourageothersfromtryingsomethingnew.Meanwhile,whenyoutalkwithpeoplewhoalwayscomplain,youmaybeinfluencedandviewthingsnegatively.Thoughexpressingyourfeelingsmaymomentarilyimproveyourstateofmind,itcouldsometimeshaveabadeffectonthelistenersstateofmind.,Sample1,4.copytheoriginalsentence,1.morethan80words,2.tedious,3.containdetailedinformation,.,Wemaycomplainwhenweareunhappy.Weexpectotherspityandrecognition.Wecantfeeltrulyhappywhenwealwaysthinkinanegativeway.Ifyouareusedtocomplaininginyourconversation,listenersmayalsoviewthingsnegatively.Theywillfinallyavoidyou.Ithinkweshouldntalwayscomplaintootherswhenthingsdontgosmoothly.,lackcoherence,containasubjectivecomment,Sample2,.,Sometimespeopleusecomplainingtoletoutbadfeelingsinsteadofsolvingproblems._,itwontmakeyouhappybecauseyoualwaysfocusonthenegative._,hangingoutwithhabitualcomplainersmayaffectthewayyouseethingsinanegativepespectivewhichcanalsokillyourcreativity.Andpeopleusuallytrytoavoidapersonwhoisalwayscomplaining.,Possibleversion:,However,Besides,.,Usingwhatwehavelearnttodaywriteyourownsummary.