高三英语Unit 8 Humankind and Nature冀教版知识精讲VIP

高三英语Unit 8 Humankind and Nature冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 8 Humankind and Nature1. soul C 1）灵魂，内心；气魄；2）情感；3）典范；4）某种人There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her soul.她内心深处感到焦躁不安。It was a very polished performance, but it lacked soul.这场演出技艺很精湛，但缺少真挚的情感。He is the soul of discretion.他是谨慎的典范。She is a dear old soul. 她是一个可爱的老妇人。2. poison n. 毒药，败坏道德之事，毒害v. 毒害，摧毁，中毒1）Someone tried to poison our dog. 有人想毒杀我们的狗。2）Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cities. 汽车放出的废气在污染我们城市的空气。3）He tried to kill himself by taking poison. 他曾试图服毒自杀。poisonous a. 有毒的，狠毒的1）She gave him a poisonous look. 她恶狠狠地瞪了他一眼。2）Some mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇有毒。3. imagination n. 想象，想象力Examples: These plans reveal a complete failure of imagination. 这些计划显得毫无想象力。imagine v. 想像，幻想，猜测（指没有充分证据或单凭某种模糊印象和感觉而设想、推断） image doing 想象做某事/imagine sb. /sth. to be /as 认为怎么样/ imagine + 从句Examples:1）I imagined she was quite surprised when she heard the truth. 我想她听说真相后一定很惊讶。2）You can imagine how surprised I was. 你可以想象我是多么惊讶。3）I imagine him as a big tall man. 我以为他是个高大的人。4）Dont imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要以为自己总是对的。imaginary a. 想象的,虚构的All the characters in this book are imaginary. 这本书中的人物都是虚构的。imaginable a. 可想像的，可能的We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到此地，经历了可能想见的最大的困难。4. take up 拿起；接着，继续；开始从事，占据1）She take up a book. 她拿起一本书。2）She took up the narrative where John had left off. 她接着讲约翰未讲完的故事。3）This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了。4）She takes up her duties/responsibilities next week. 她下周开始履行职责。5）Ill take up this matter. 我来办理这桩事。5. occupation n. 职业；占领；消遣1）He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone elses occupation. 他从巴黎回来，发现他的办公室被别人占了。2）Riding is her favorite occupation. 骑马是她最喜欢的消遣。3）Whats your occupation? Im a dancer. 你的职业是什么？我是跳舞的。注意：occupation是指用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动； profession是指需要大量训练和专门学习的行业。侧重于其专业性trade 一般来说是指需要技巧而非高深学问的职业，可译为“职业”、“手艺”business表示一个人经常的，且赖以生活的职业，但是侧重于商业方面，尤指银行业、商业、企业等行业中的工作。employment指受雇于他人，领取工资以谋生计，并且是比较固定的工作。occupy v. 占领，占，住进Examples:1）Reading occupies most of my free time. 阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。2）The enemy occupied the town. 敌人占据了这个城镇。3）Is that seat occupied? 那个座位有人吗？6. stretch n. 伸展，张开，弹性a. 可伸缩的v. 伸展，张开，延伸1）I got out of the bed and had a good stretch. 我起床后舒服地伸了个懒腰。2）For tracksuits you need material with plenty of stretch. 做田径服需要用弹性强的料子。3）The desert stretched away into the distance. 沙漠一直延伸到远方。7. unknown a. 未知的He was an unknown painter one year ago. 一年前，他还是一个不为人知的画家。known a. 已知的，有名的Your theory doesnt square with the known facts. 你的说法跟已知的事实不符。be known as 被称为（以著称，通称）be known for 因而众所周知be known to 为某人所熟知8. growth n. 增长；发展；种植1）Childhood is a period of rapid growth. 幼年是生长迅速的时期。2）Have an apple of our own growth. 尝尝我们自己种的苹果吧。3）Lack of demand will slow （down） our economic growth. 市场需求低就会拖慢我们的经济增长速度。grow vi. 生长，成长，渐渐变得，增长，增高 vt. 种植，栽培，培育grow into长成，发展而成为；逐渐适应grow up长大；兴起；逐渐形成grow out of 产生自；由而发展或形成：1）This district grew cotton on a large scale. 这个地区过去大量种棉花。2）She has a hot temper, but you will soon grow to like her. 她脾气躁，但不久你就会喜欢她了。3）She is growing into a beautiful young woman. 她渐渐出落成美丽的姑娘。4）He is growing old. 他渐渐老了。9. security n. 安全n. 保证金,抵押品,债券,证券1）All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 凡是知道这个秘密的人都对安全造成危险。2）What I need now is the security of a happy home. 我现在需要的是一个幸福家庭所给予的安全感。3）He uses his house as security to borrow the money. 他用房子作借钱的抵押。secure a. 无虑的，安心的，安全的 v. 固定，获得，使安全be secure against from 没有遭受的危险 be secure of 对有把握，确信 feel secure about as to 对（觉得）放心 secure （sth.） against from 使（某物）免遭have ones mind secure 放下心Keep the prisoner secure. 把囚犯牢牢地关起来。1）He secured the release of the hostages. 他已经设法使人质获释。2）Make the windows secure before leaving the house. 出门之前把窗户关严。3）The little boy felt secure near his parents. 那小男孩在父母身边感到安心。10. dedication n. 奉献1）His dedication should be learned by all of us. 他的奉献精神值得我们学习。2）Served the public with dedication and integrity. 以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众服务。dedicate v. 献出，献给Examples:1）She dedicated her life to science. 她毕生致力于科学。2）She dedicated her first book to her husband. 她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫。11. attribute n. 属性，特征 v. 归于（+to），属于Examples:1）They attribute their success to their teachers encouragement.（attribute to = owe to把归功于） 他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。2）He attributed his good health to exercise.他认为自己之所以身体好是因为运动。3）Do you think it proper to attribute weakness to women? （认为是某人所有（+to） 你觉得把软弱当作女性的属性适当吗? 4）That play was wrongly attributed to Bacon. （ 认为是某人所做H（+to） 那个剧本被错误地认为是培根的作品。5）The sword is an attribute of a fighter. 剑是斗士的象征。6）Kindness is one of her attributes.仁慈是她的特性之一。12. deprive v. 剥夺deprive sb. of sthExamples:1）What will a student do if he were deprived of his books? 一个学生如果没有了书籍，将怎么办？2）The trees outside the windows deprive the house of light. 窗外的树木把房子遮挡得暗然无光。3）If you do not drive carefully, I shall be obliged to deprive you of your licence. 如果您不谨慎驾驶，我将不得不没收您的执照。13. crack n. 裂缝，变声v. 打开，破裂，变声Examples:1）Dont pour hot water into the glass or it will crack. 别把热水倒进玻璃杯里，不然它会裂开的。2）There is a crack in this window. 这扇窗户上有个裂纹。3）I cracked two eggs into the frying pan. 我往平底锅里打了两个鸡蛋。4）His voice cracked with emotion. 由于激动，他的声音变得嘶哑。cracked a. 破碎的，破裂的，声音嘶哑的A cracked bell can never sound well. 【谚】破钟敲不响。14. might as well 还是的好 might as well do 还是做的好；倒不如做might as well do as do 与其倒不如Examples:1）In that case, I might as well bring them back with me. 那样的话，我还不如拿回去。2）You might as well not know a thing at all as know it only a little. 只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。3）I might as well die as marry him. 我与其嫁给他，倒不如去死算了。4）You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him. 你借他钱不如把钱扔到海里去。5）You might as well tell her the truth. 你倒不如把真相告诉她。15. make a difference /make a big/ a great deal of / a lot of difference有影响，起（重要）作用1）The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference. 现在我能自己安排时间了，这对我有很大的作用。2）The sea air has made a difference to her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。【模拟试题】（答题时间：100分钟）一、语法和词汇（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. In recent years global warming is becoming concern for people all over the world .A. the ; the B. 不填；不填C. 不填;aD. the；不填2. The official ticketing website of the 2020 Olympic Games opened on March 8, which _ the ticket prices for each event .A. will list B. is listed C. is listing D. lists 3. She had a tense expression on her face , she was expecting trouble .A. even though B. as though C. so that D. now that 4. This new machine is technically far to the previous type .A. superior B. junior C. senior D. equal 5. When can we go to visit you ? Anytime you feel like .A. one B. it C. so D. that 6. I have just passed my exam . I feel so relieved now . !A. Cheer up B. How awful C. What a pity D. Well done 7. Premier Wens three-day visit to Japan , as the “ice-melt” trip , has a positive effect on Sino-Japanese relationship .A. being intended B. intended C. having intended D. intending 8. Evidence has been piled up drinking water after getting up in the morning contributes to ones health.A. what B. which C. if D. that 9. Look at that old woman ! She is looking around for help . She must be lost .A. socially B. accidentally C. desperately D. absolutely 10. The latest model of this lap-top, appearance remains unchanged , works much faster than the old one .A. though B. which C. of which D. whose 11. Were you in time for the lecture ? If I told earlier , I would have .A. had been B. was C. were to be D. should be 12. I say youre looking much better thanks to the new treatment .A. must B. can C. shallD. may 13. We are always warned not to act what will happen afterwards .A. in the event of B. as a result of C. regardless of D. in spite of 14. She had no idea how it that her husband met with trouble again .A. came about B. came across C. came out D. came up 15. To my surprise, the mayor of the American city is Chinese by .A. nature B. resource C. origin D. source 二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。1,3,5A famous scientist was asked why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person . What set him so far 16 from others?He 17 that it all came from a（n） 18 that occurred when he was three. He was trying to 19 a bottle of milk from refrigerator when he lost hold of the bottle , spilling its 20 all over the kitchen floor .Instead of 21 at him , his mother said , “Robert , what a wonderful 22 you have made ! I have 23 seen such a huge puddle of milk . Since the 24 is done , would you like to get down and play in the milk for a while 25 cleaning it up ?”Indeed , he did . “Robert , 26 you make a mess like this, 27 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its 28 order.” And then together they cleaned up the spilled milk . His mother then said , “Robert , that is a 29 experiment in how to 30 carry a big milk bottle . Lets go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 31 a way to carry a bottle of water without dropping it.”The scientist remarked he learned from that moment that mistakes were just 32 for learning something new, which is 33 scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesnt work”, we usually learn something 34 from it .Wouldnt it be great if all 35 would respond like “Roberts mother?16. A. away B. apart C. above D. ahead 1,3,517. A. responded B. acknowledgedC. assumed D. compromised 18. A. experiment B. coincidence C. experience D. conflict 19. A. deliver B. return C. move D. remove 20. A. mixtureB. water C. liquids D. contents 21. A. yelling B. comingC. nodding D. laughing 22. A. mistake B. mess C. trick D. treasure 23. A. always B. oftenC. rarely D. ever 24. A. damage B. business C. favor D. harm 25. A. before B. after C. with D. without 26. A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever 27. A. especiallyB. eventuallyC. respectively D. immediately 28. A. opposite B. particular C. proper D. natural 29. A. failed B. forbidden C. demanded D. deserved 30. A. absolutely B. comfortably C. confidentiallyD. effectively 31. A. develop B. grasp C. invent D. discover 32. A. options B. opportunities C. qualities D. procedures 33. A. that B. where C. what D. which 34. A. available B. valuable C. practical D. accessible 35. A. managers B. directors C. parents D. relatives 三、阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHarvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday , ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor to Lawrence Summers .The seven-member Harvard Corporation elected Faust , a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvards Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study , as the universitys 28th president .“This is a great day , and a historic day , for Harvard ,” James R. Houghton , chairman of the presidential search committee , said in a statement . “Drew Faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader , a superb scholar , a dedicated teacher , and a wonderful human being .”Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of women in top science jobs .Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since 2001 , two years after the former womens college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues .Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fifth president who is not a scientist . No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics , law literature and economics .1,3,5Faust it the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Charles Chauncy , a graduate of Cambridge University , who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania . “Teaching staff turned to her constantly ,” said Sheldon Hackney , a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. “Shes very clear. She has a sense of humor , but shes very strong-minded . You come to trust in her because shes so solid.” 36. Which might be the best title for the passage ? A. Harvard named its 1st female president B. History of Harvard University changed C. Debates on female equality ended D. Drew Gilpin Faust , a famous woman historian 37. Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust ?A. She is the 28th president of Harvard University .B. She is a famous scholar from the American South .C. She isnt a graduate from Harvard University .D. She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study .38. Lawrence Summers held the view that .A. women cannot achieve as much as men in management B. women cannot hold important positions in society C. women can match men in science jobs D. few women make top scientists owing to genes 39. The underlined word “groused” in the 6th paragraph means . A. approved B. commented C. complained D. indicated 40. This passage probably appears in a .A. biography B. personal letter C. research paper D. newspaper report BRoom for Revolution : George Washington and His Philadelphia Friends March 16, 2020-August 30, 2020Charles Willson Peales George Washington at Princeton is on view at the Museum which was lent from a private collection . This visually striking and finely made life-size portrait （肖像） records Washingtons 6-foot-2-inch figure in a pose highlighting strength , composure , and elegance .It is put up in a room neighboring to the Powel House parlor , a period room from one of Philadelphias greatest eighteenth-century private homes, where Washington was frequently entertained by his friends , Samuel and Elizabeth Powel. Both spaces contain important examples of furniture by Philadelphias finest craftsmen, such as Thomas Afflect and John Aitken . Among these is a side chair specially ordered by the Washingtons when living in Philadelphia .Painted in Philadelphia in 1779, Peales painting was immediately sent to Europe to promote Washingtons reputation as a leader and the cause of the American Revolution , then in progress . Later ,during Europes Napoleonic Wars , a Spanish duke with strong sympathies with American Revolution owned the picture . At that time he added the complicated carved caption to it , which describes Washington as “a liberator of his country who abandoned absolute power.”Curators American Art Department Staff , website commentary by Carol Soltis Location Galleries 286 and 287 , second floor 41. This passage is mainly about .A. the cause of the the American Revolution B. the information of a portrait on view C. the description of the life of George Washington D. the friendship between Washington and his friends 42. What is the name of the portrait?A. Room for RevolutionB. Charles Wilson PealeC. George Washington at PrincetonD. George Washington and His Philadelphia Friends43. What happened in the Powel House parlor?A. Washington entertained his friends.B. Washington made a chair on his own.C. Charles Wilson Peale finished the portrait.D. Samuel and Elizabeth Powel met Washington a lot.44. According to the passage, Washington .A. lived between 1741 and 1827B. ordered the portrait painted in 1779C. was sympathized by a Spanish dukeD. was a great man not greedy for power45. The passage tells us that .A. when the portrait was finished, America was at warB. the portrait was originally hanging in Samuels roomC. the portrait was sent to Europe to gain support from NapoleonD. the caption of the portrait was carved by Philadelphias finest craftsmenCLike many men at some point, I dream about opening a bar. I plan to call it Work Out. It will cater to married women in need of a little fun. On Friday nights, they will be able to come here and enjoy themselves.See, I have a gift for business. I am, as my wife Zsa Zsa likes to note, “A man with a million ideas, none of them very good.” Speaking of Zsa Zsa, she is fed up with this plain little life Ive made for us too many kids, too many chores, mind numbing debt. The other day, she said she thought we needed a new family car. “Sure. How about an 87 Lincoln?” I said, and saw my dear Zsa Zsa age about 20 years, and become her mother right before my eyes.Yes, money is our madness. Last year, we thought we had found a little cushion when I published a book about the life here in suburban America. It sold 12 copies six of them to my mother. Four other copies went to various aunts and uncles, who used them for martini coasters, then sold them at yard sales. The two remaining copies went to perfect strangers. （I think I own you dinner, whoever you are. Call me, OK? Well arrange something.）When the book didnt take off, I wrote a TV show. Then I penned a short novel based on the earlier TV idea that didnt sell. Currently, I am at work on a set of encyclopedias. In a month, I plan to sell them door to door.Such is the life of a writ