2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（新课标I解析版）

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（新课标I，解析版）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解 （共两节，满分60分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项 ，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual CuriosityChallenge. The challenge invites , even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to createartwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue,Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15h, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at :http:/ .21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students. B. Cambridge locals.C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists.22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th.C. On March 15th D. On April 21st.23. What type of writing is this text?A .An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.C. An announcement. D. An official report.【答案】21A 22D 23C【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇应用文。叙述了第六届剑桥科技节的通知，通知要求5至14的学生可以报名参加，参赛作品可以是一张画、一篇文章、一张照片或一首诗，作品能够鼓励人们探险世界。将在大桥科技节4月21日给优秀作品颁奖。21A考查细节理解。谁能够参加好奇心的挑战？根据The challenge invites,even dares school studenrs between the ages of 5-14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity。可知是514岁的学生可以参加比赛。故选A。22D考查细节理解。颁奖仪式什么时间举行？根据Students who enter the Cambridge Challenge and are selected as winners will be honorned at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.可知颁奖仪式在4月21日星期天举行，故选D。23C考查判断推理。这篇是属于什么体裁的文章？根据短文的内容及The program guidelines and other related information are available at:.可推知这是一个通知，如果想了解更多的信息可以登陆这个网址。故选C。选项A展览指导或说明，如果是这一项的话，短文应该写出展览的时间及地点，那么让学生参加比赛及颁奖部分的内容就是多余的；故不符合原文；选项B艺术展回顾或评论，它的内容应该写的是对这种展览过后的评价，因而短文的句子的时态不会用将来时，而应该用一般过去式；而这篇短文用的是将来时；故排除B。选项D一个官方的报道。根据The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you Of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.可知这里是剑桥科技节的名誉写的通知，而并非官方，故排除D。考点：广告类短文阅读。BPassenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they the sky forhours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlionpassenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds weremost abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands,Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested hadbeen damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds togo farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flockswere gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the UnitedStates was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birds survived under humancare. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden onSeptember 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons_.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the Us25. The underlined word “ undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _.A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds.C. To make money. D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.【答案】24.D 25.B 26.C 27.B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。在美国，18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。人们认为旅鸽数量多，会永恒的供应，于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。19世纪末，美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽。在1897年，到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群。最后一批旅鸽，于1914年，在辛辛那提动物园死去。24.D. 考查细节理解。在18世纪和19世纪初期，旅鸽的数量怎么样？根据Passenger pigeons（旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.可知在美国，18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。故选D。25.B. 考查词义猜测。划线单词undoing可能指的是旅鸽发生了什么情况？根据Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.可知人们认为旅鸽数量多会永恒的供应，于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。因此判断此处undoing的意思是死亡，毁灭。故选B。26.C. 考查细节理解。人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是什么？根据Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可知商业猎人捕捉了大量的旅鸽，把他们卖到大城市的餐馆里，因此推测人们杀死旅鸽的主要原因是为了赚钱。故选C。选项A的意思是寻开心。文中没有提到让人们高兴的内容，故不符合文章的意思。选项B，为了挽救其他鸟类。在文中没有提到其他鸟类，故不符合原文，故排除B项。选项D,为了保护庄稼。根据the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,可知美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽，而不是为了保护庄稼，故排除D项。27.B.考查推理判断。关于密歇根州通过得法律我们可以推断出什么？根据In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.可知到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群，这可推断旅鸽数量已经很少了，因此这项法律通过得太晚了。故选B。考点：环保类短文阅读。CA typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) at a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show. In reality,it the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair n front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is been the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing,. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to becometake immediate action. If youre clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show30. What is the authors attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph3?A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.C. Respectful. D. Supportive.31. When the world is “ waving a chair in your face”, youre advised to _A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance【答案】28.A 29.A 30.B 31.C【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。当人们面前摆着多种选择感到困惑时，应该怎么办？本文导入了驯兽师拿一把椅子在狮子面前，狮子感到困惑，呆立不动。人也一样，面对多个选择时，不知该选哪一个，又怕选错了，因此进展少，或保持原样。实际上，我们不必那样。当我们遇到多种选择时，要专注一件事，开始下决心做下去。28.A.考查细节理解。狮子驯兽师为什么拿着一把椅子？根据When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .可知当驯兽师拿着椅子在狮子面前时，狮子关注椅子的四条腿，故可知椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的。故选A。29.A.考查推理判断。人们面对和狮子相似的椅子时是什么感觉？根据With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next .当专注的东西分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们跟狮子相似，也会困惑，不知道该怎么做。故选A。30.B.考查推理判断。在第三段中作者对提到的专家是什么态度？根据This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best ,可知专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这令作者苦恼，因此推断作者对专家的态度是怀疑。故选B。31.C.考查推理判断。当世界正在你面前挥舞这一把椅子是，文中建议你应该怎么做？根据Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face , remember this :All you need to do is focus on one thing .You just need to get started .可知当你面前挥舞着一把椅子时，你要集中精力做一件事，那就是下决心去做。故选C。选项A等待更好的机会。根据You just need to get started .可知需要开始去做某事，而不是等待，故与原文不符。选项B打破旧习惯。根据Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people .可知文中提到成功的人的习惯之一就是在感觉准备好之前就开始行动，此处并没有建议打破旧的习惯，故排除B项。选项D要求明确的指导。根据If youre clear about where you want to go , the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out the way .可知如果你明确自己的方向了，世界其余的人也明确要帮你还是要躲开你。此处是说自己明确方向而不是请求别人给一个明确的方向。故与原文不符，排除D项。考点：人生百味类短文阅读。D.As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project _Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to _.A. promote global languages B. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turins book based on?A. The cultural studies B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describe Turins work?A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect. D. Design, experiment and report.【答案】32.B 33.A 34.D 35.C【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口述传统，并他根据自己在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写了一本书。他不只是满足把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他要把他们挽救下来，和现在的语言进行重新的连接。32.B.考查细节理解。许多学者正在努力做什么？根据In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO and National Geographic among them have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.可知许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。故选B.33.A.考查词义猜测。第三段中的“那个传统”指的是什么？根据But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.可知这些语言在没有记录前就要消失了，所以这些学者对这些语言做的是最早的记录。故选A34.D.考查推理判断。Turin的书是根据什么写的？根据His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.可知他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写的。故选D.选项A在印度的文化统计。根据Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India,可知他在印度记录了其他语言和口述传统，但是没有写成书。故与原文不符。 选项B在耶鲁大学可用的记录。根据At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- 可知是在剑桥大学大学发现的记录而不是在耶鲁大学，故排除B项。选项C在英国的语言研究。根据At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.可知在英国剑桥大学发现了很多有用的语言资料，但是为被人研究，因此没有写成书，故排除C项。35.C.考查推理判断。下面哪一个是对Turin的作品的最好的描述？根据Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.和Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.可知Turin的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，他的作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与言语重新连接。因此对他的作品做好的描述是具有收集，保护和重新连接的作用。故选C.考点：人物类短文阅读第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not been invented, 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeplycurious 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.3. Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is goingoninsideourown head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions 39 “Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self Expression40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.【答案】 36D 37A 38C 39F 40G【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。如何帮助孩子发展他们的技能。一是培养孩子的好奇心。二是培养孩子的创造力。三是培养孩子的交际技能。四是要学会表达自己的思想和想法。36D考查上下文的语境理解。根据By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.可知这里叙述的是帮助他们发展最优秀的技能。所以上句应该怎样帮助为了他们未来的工作而做好准备。发展孩子37A 考查上下文的语境理解。根据What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out.可知下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好。所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你做饭，故选A。38C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from i