2020届高考英语词汇综合练系列02（冲刺段）（含解析）

2020届高考英语词汇冲刺段综合练02一、单项填空1-7代词、连词和名词1. (2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02浙江卷)Empty talk is harmful to the nation, while practical work can help _ thrive.A. that B. thisC. itD. which【答案】C2.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Change can be scary, but its during transformations that some of the best opportunities present _.A. itB. oneC. thoseD. themselves【答案】D【解析】themselves为反身代词指代opportunities, 作动词present的宾语。句意：变化可能会令人恐惧, 但是就是在变化过程中, 一些最好的机遇也会自己呈现出来(变化可能会有风险，然而最好的机遇都在你寻求改变时出现的)。故选D。3.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)_ he visited, he wasted no time hearing farmers voices at home and in the fields.A. Each time B. In case C. Even ifD. In time【答案】A【解析】句意：每次他下乡，他都抓紧时间听听家里和田间农民的心声。这里each time意为：每次。名词用作连词，引导时间状语从句。所以选A。4.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)How long did David work here?For half a year, he didnt leave much _ on us.A. expression B. instructionC . conclusion D. impression【答案】D【解析】句意：大卫在这里工作了多久？四年半，他没有给我们留下太深的印象。leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象。expression表情；instruction指示，说明；conclusion结论；impression印象。故选D。5.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Why did you take so many courses this semester?To get more _.A. approvalB. creditsC. permissionD. dilemma【答案】B【解析】句意: 你为什么这一学期选修了这么多课程? 为了多修学分。approval同意，批准，赞同；credit学分，信用；permission许可；dilemma困境，进退两难。credit在本题中属于一词多义，熟词生义的用法，credit除上面两个词义外还表示“赊欠, 贷款”。故选B。6.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)It is a pure _ that Richard and Julia have come up with the same approaches to the problem.A. coincidenceB. incidentC. dilemmaD. occasion【答案】A【解析】句意：理查德和朱莉娅提出了同样的方法来解决问题，这纯属巧合。coincidence巧合； incident事件, 事变；dilemma困境，进退两难的选择；occasion时机，机会，场合。故选A。7.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Contrary to our expectations, Google has determined that grades are worthless as a _ for hiring and test scores dont predict anything.A. qualificationB. challengeC. criterionD. ingredient【答案】C【解析】句意：完全出乎我们意料的是，谷歌公司断定分数作为雇用人的一个标准一文不值，考试分数不能预测任何东西。qualification资格, 条件；challenge挑战；criterion标准，准则；ingredient成分，组成。故选C。8-12介词和介词短语8.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 01福建卷)If the arrival of your train at your destination is delayed by more than 5 minutes _ the timetable, we will refund the full price of your ticket if the delay is caused by our companyA.rather than B. according to C. regardless ofD. due to【答案】B9.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03福建卷)Two years ago, three scientists traveled to the Antarctica to explore a secret world hidden _ the ice.A. amongB. beneath C. beyond D. opposite【答案】 B【解析】句意：两年前，三位科学家赴南极探索隐藏在冰下的秘密世界。among在(多数)之中，在中间；beneath在的(正)下方；beyond场所在/向的那边；离以外，远于；opposite在的对面。由题意可知，选B正确。10.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Life is not easy nowadays, when young people have tremendous pressure _ schooling and employment.A. on behalf ofB. in terms ofC. in honour ofD. in defence of【答案】B【解析】句意: 时下生活不是很容易, 年轻人在接受学校教育和就业方面都有很大的压力。on behalf of代表，为了；in terms of从角度而言，在方面； in honour of为了纪念，为了庆祝； in defence of为了保卫，为了保护。故选B。11.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Another distinguishing feature of the Shanghai auto show was the many environmentally friendly vehicles _.A. on watchB. on businessC. on dutyD. on display【答案】D12.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Some members went so wild that they strongly demanded to know why they had been kept _ the true facts until the present stage.A. in view ofB. in ignorance ofC. in place ofD. in favor of【答案】B【解析】句意：有些成员气得都要发疯了, 他们强烈要求知道为什么直到现阶段还没让他们知道事实真相。in view of考虑到，鉴于；in ignorance of不知道；in place of代替；in favor of支持，有利于。故选B。13-20副词和形容词13.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 02浙江卷)Now the automobile company is just competing on price, but soon it will _ compete with the top brands on quality.A. hopefully B. similarly C. generally D. simply【答案】C【解析】hopefully怀有希望地；similarly相似地；generally普遍地，逐渐地；simply简单地。句意：现在这家汽车公司打的是价格战，但不久就要渐渐地在品牌质量上进行竞争的。故C正确。14.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)Everything seems to be going _ for the first two weeks after I moved to Shanghai.A. smoothly B. vividly C. frequently D. generally【答案】A【解析】句意：在我搬到上海的前两周时间里，一切似乎进展得很顺利。smoothly顺利地；vividly栩栩如生地；frequently频繁地；generally普遍地，逐渐地。根据句意可知，这里表示“顺利”。故选A。15.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)As many successful businessmen believe, courage is as _ to pioneering work as the intelligence, even more so.A. accessible B. essential C. alternative D. commercial【答案】B【解析】句意：正如很多成功的商人所认为的那样，勇气对开创性工作而言和智慧一样是必要的，甚至比智慧更为必要。accessible可进入到的、能进入的；essential基本到、必要的；alternative 供选择的、选择性的；commercial商业到、赢利的。由句意可知选B。16.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03浙江卷)Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, learn to be _ of others.A. ignorantB. responsibleC. reliableD. tolerant【答案】D【解析】ignorant无知的，愚昧的；responsible负责任的；reliable可靠的；tolerant容忍的。句意：每个人都有他的缺点。因此，我们应该学会容忍别人。故选D。17.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The pain and suffering caused by the war seventy years ago is the old womans _ memory.Yes, she often tells us about that disaster.A. poorB. currentC. vagueD. permanent【答案】D【解析】句意: 70年前的那场战争所带来的痛苦是这个老太太永恒的记忆。是的，她常向我们讲述那场灾难。poor贫困的, 可怜的；current现在的；vague模糊不清的；permanent永恒的，永久的。故选D。18.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)What are these housewives talking about?They are discussing whether men are actually _ to housework or just too lazy.A. obedientB. allergicC. nativeD. relevant【答案】B19.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The _ task in the disaster area is to prevent the outbreak of infectious disease as well as provide water and food.A. primaryB. attractiveC. casualD. simple【答案】A【解析】句意：在受灾地区，首要的任务不仅仅是要提供水和食物, 而且还要预防传染病的爆发。primary首要的, 主要的；attractive有吸引力的；casual随便的；simple简单的。故选A。20.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)While exercising your imagination, you should be free from the _ way of thinking.A. deliberateB. contemporaryC. contradictoryD. conventional【答案】D【解析】句意：在锻炼你的想象力的同时，你应该摆脱你传统的思维方式。deliberate故意的，深思熟虑的；contemporary当代的，现代的；contradictory矛盾的，对立的；conventional传统的，常规的。故选D。21-30动词和动词短语21.(改编)The psychological stress caused by rushing to work and being _ in traffic jams contributes to the outbursts of public transport rage.A. given up B. put upC. taken up D. held up【答案】D【解析】句意：因急着赶去上班以及路上遭遇的交通拥堵而引起的心理压力导致了公交狂躁症。be held up受阻，符合题意。be given up被放弃；be put up被举起/张贴/留宿；be taken up被拿起，被占据。22.(2020年高考英语原创预测卷 03福建卷)China has _ the initiatives to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.A. put away B. look forward to C. put upD. put forward【答案】D【解析】句意：中国已经提出建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路(“一带一路”)的倡议。put away .放好, 储存备用; look forward to 期待；put up举起；put forward 提出。故选D。23.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The young man was caught because the alarm _when he was stealing money from the shop.A. went onB. went offC. went awayD. went out【答案】B【解析】句意：这个年轻人被抓住了，因为他从商店里偷钱时警报响了。go off发出响声；go on继续；go away离开；go out出去，熄灭。故选B。24.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The only way to live happily with others is to _ their faults and admire their virtues.A. overlookB. justifyC. clarifyD. acknowledge【答案】A25.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)How did Professor Lis lecture impress you?I just heard his voice but couldnt _ what he was saying.A. pick outB. make outC. think outD. squeeze out【答案】B【解析】句意: 你对李教授的演讲印象如何? 我只能听到他的声音但是却不理解他在说什么。pick out挑选出，辨认出；make out理解；think out想出，考虑；squeeze out挤出，榨出。故选B。26.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Unable to rely on the government, she has a few thousand dollars _ for her retirement.A. put awayB. put downC. put offD. put up【答案】A【解析】句意：因为考虑不能依靠政府，她把几千美元储存起来以备退休之用。put away储存，积攒；put down放下，记下；put off推迟，延期；put up举起，搭建，张贴，留宿。故选A。27.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)How you _ the challenge in the second half will determine what you become after the game, whether you are a winner or loser.A. respond toB. submit toC. commit toD. stick to【答案】A【解析】句意：在下半场比赛中你如何应对挑战将决定赛后你成为什么样的人，无论你是获胜者还是失败者。respond to对做出反应；submit to向呈交；commit to把送交，托付给；stick to坚持。故选A。28.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The plans got _ in the approval process，so everyone had to stop and wait until the application forms came back from the ministry.A. struck B. occupiedC. stuck D. delivered【答案】C29.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)After they were seated, the mother _ a friend in the audience and walked down to greet her.A. spottedB. soughtC. shapedD. sensed【答案】A【解析】句意：他们就座后，母亲发现观众里的一位朋友，走下去和她打招呼。spot发现；seek寻求；shape形成，塑造；sense感觉到。故选A。30.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Looking back on the three-year life in the mountain village, Thomas _ it as a milestone in his personal development.A. declaresB. assumesC. valuesD. confirms【答案】C【解析】句意：回首在那个山村三年的生活，托马斯把它视为个人发展的里程碑。valueas把视为；declare宣称；assume假定，承担；confirm证实。故选C。二、短文填词(改编自四川省成都市第七中学、嘉祥外国语学校2020届高三第二次模拟)Many people travel during the holiday season but do not make sure that their houses and homes_ 1_(protect). Crime goes up _ 2_(rapid) during the winter and summer holiday seasons. Here are some things that you should keep in mind when you go_ 3_ a holiday.Always give_ 4 (strange)the feeling that you are at home. Have the snow _ 5_(clean)off your stairs or out of your driveway during the winter season. You might ask someone to park _ 6_ cars in your driveway.Tell your newspaper deliverer that you are not at home._ 7_ (have)a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps tells people that you are not at home, so you could also have a neighbor_ 8_ a relative get your mail every day.Fix a timer in some of your rooms _ 9_turns lights on and off during different times of the day. Some TVs also come with a timer that you could set to be turned on during certain times. Have motion(运动)sensitive lights outside your house that keep thieves away _ 10_ you are not at home.语篇解读：当外出旅游时为了避免小偷光临，作者在文中告诉了我们几种有效的方法。1.【答案】are protected【解析】考查动词的时态语态。此处指人们外出旅游时担心家的安全，houses and homes 和动词protect是被动关系，全文是现在时，故填are protected。2.【答案】rapidly【解析】考查副词。句意：犯罪事件迅速上升。此处修饰动词goes up要用副词，故填rapidly。3.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：当你去度假时应该记住下面这些事。此处表示目的，故填for。4.【答案】strangers5.【答案】cleaned【解析】考查非谓语动词。这儿是“have+宾语+过去分词”的结构。句中snow和动词clean是被动关系，指雪被清理。用过去分词表被动，故填cleaned。句意：冬季，要请人把你家楼梯上和车道上的积雪清理干净。6.【答案】their/his【解析】考查代词。此处指让别人把他他们的车停在你的车道上。修饰cars用形容词性物主代词，故填their/his。7.【答案】Having【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处要填的词在句中做主语，故用-ing形式Having。句意：台阶上有报纸和邮件会告诉人们你不在家。8.【答案】or【解析】考查连词。句意：你可以让亲戚或邻居每天帮你拿邮件和报纸。亲戚和邻居两者中选其一，故填or.9.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是timer指物，在定语从句中做主语，指定时器每天不同时间开关灯，故填关系代词that/which.10.【答案】when/while【解析】考查状语从句。此处指当你不在时让小偷远离你的家。引导时间状语用when/while.三、完形填空Musicistheartofthinkingwithsounds.JulesCombarieu(改编自衡水万卷2020届高三英语二轮复习高考作业卷二十)Music produces significant and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add music classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago, a small study advanced the _1_ that listening to Mozarts Sonata(奏鸣曲)could boost mental functioning. It was not long _2_ trademarked “Mozart effect” products began to _3_ anxious parents aiming to put toddlers(刚学步的孩子)on the fast track to top-ranking universities like Harvard and Yale. Georgias governor even _4_ giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.The _5_ for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the _6_ study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years, _7_, scientists have examined the benefits of a continuous _8_ to study and practice music, in contrast to playing a Mozart CD or a computer-based “brain fitness” game _9_.Advanced monitoring _10_ have/has enabled scientists to see what happens inside your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music _11_ can produce significant and lasting changes that _12_ the general ability to learn. These results should _13_ public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ready for being given up in the budget crises that constantly _14_ public schools.Studies have shown that _15_ instrument training from an early age can help the brain to _16_ sounds better, making it _17_ to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically experienced are better able to _18_ a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom _19_, a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming a subordinate(下属). They can be engaged in several things at once, which is a(n) _20_ skill in this era of multitasking.语篇解读：文章认为音乐对智力有很大影响文章，倾听音乐对于大脑有好处，可以提高人的学习能力。因而作者呼吁，学校不应取消音乐课。1. A. noteB. noticeC. ideaD. impression【答案】C【解析】A. note笔记，音符，便笺，钞票；B. notice注意，布告；C. idea主意，想法，理念，观念，观点；D. impression印象，感觉。下文that引导的同位语从句“listening to Mozarts Sonata(奏鸣曲)could boost mental functioning”说的是一种观点，故选C。句意：近20年前的一个小小的研究就提出了这样的观点：听莫扎特的奏鸣曲能促进心理机能。2. A. untilB. thatC. sinceD. before【答案】D【解析】It be+一段时间+before是固定句型, 意为“过了一段时间就”。3. A. apply forB. appeal toC. interfere withD. get across【答案】B【解析】A. apply for应聘，申请；B. appeal to向投诉，向呼吁，对有吸引力；C. interfere with干预，阻挠；D. get across(使)被理解，(使)被接受。根据下文“aiming to put toddlers(刚学步的孩子)on the fast track to top-ranking universities like Harvard and Yale(目的旨在把刚学步的孩子推向通往像耶鲁大学这样顶尖大学的快车道上)”可以推断 “从孩子小的时候父母亲就开始高起点培养他们了”，所以“莫扎特效应的产品”自然对父母亲有吸引力了。故选B。句意：没过多久, 商标注册为莫扎特效应的产品就开始吸引焦虑的父母。4. A. proposedB. pushedC. submittedD. permitted【答案】A5. A. contextB. evidenceC. symptomD. witness【答案】B【解析】A. context语境，上下文，背景；B. evidence证据，迹象，证词；C. symptom症状，征兆；D. witness见证人，目击者。根据下文的“turned out结果被证明”应该指的是证据。故选B。句意：那些证明莫扎特(音乐)疗法有效的证据其实是很没有力度的，(那些证据)或者可能根本不存在。6. A. advancedB. recent C. originalD. latest【答案】C【解析】A. advanced先进的，高等的，高深的；B. recent最近的；C. original原始的，最初的；D. latest最新的，最近的，最现代的。这儿指上文的“a small study”，所以是“最初的研究”。根据下文“In recent years”也可以得出答案。故选C。句意：尽管最初的研究仅仅宣称它有暂时和有限的效果，其他并无特别之处。7. A. howeverB. moreoverC. somehowD. therefore【答案】A【解析】A. however然而；B. moreover而且，此外，再者；C. somehow以某种方式，用某种方法，不知怎么地；D. therefore所以。根据上文的“the original study”和下文的“In recent years”可以推断上下文之间是转折关系。8. A. potentialB. attentionC. researchD. effort【答案】D【解析】A. potential潜力，潜能；B. attention注意，注意力；C. research调查，探索，研究；D. effort努力。effort to study努力学习。9. A. frequentlyB. occasionallyC. additionallyD. optionally【答案】B【解析】A. frequently常，频繁地，时常；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. additionally另外，此外，附加地；D. optionally任选地，选择性地。根据句中“in contrast to(相对于，对比，与对照，相比之下)”的提示, 与前面continuous(连续不断地)形成对比, 故此处选occasionally(偶尔地)。句意：然而，最近几年，与仅仅听一张莫扎特音乐唱片或者偶尔玩一次电脑上的益智游戏相比较，科学家对连续努力学习并运用音乐的好处进行了检验。10. A. principlesB. techniquesC. informationD. management【答案】B11. A. subjectsB. modelsC. causesD. lessons【答案】D【解析】A. subjects学科，科目；B. models模型，模式，模块；C. causes原因，缘故；D. lessons课，课程。前文提到study and practice, 后文提到learn, 这儿应该指的是“音乐课(程)music lessons”。而“music lessons”是“subjects科目”中的一种。12. A. improve B. introduce C. ensureD. accelerate【答案】A【解析】A. improve改善，提高；B. introduce介绍，引入；C. ensure确保；D. accelerate加速。句意：他们发现音乐课产生的这种显著而持久的变化能够提高学习的综合能力。13. A. convey B. convince C. contact D. conclude【答案】B【解析】A. convey表达，传达，传递; 运送，输送；B. convince使相信，使确信；C. contact使接触，与联系；D. conclude得出结论，推断出。这段是要通过实验来验证音乐的确是行之有效