广东省湛江市2020届高三英语上学期第一次调研考试试题（含解析）

广东省湛江市2020届高三英语上学期第一次调研考试试题（含解析）本试题卷共8页。全卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1. 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。因测试不考听力，第卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2. 回答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3. 回答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第卷第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APlanning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost 169.15 at B. A week later, the same room cost 118.15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid -or youre looking for a big event to pass your timecheck out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.Dont be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodges Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was 75.75.And at Farringdon, a double room cost just f62.95.LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic ONeill Flat on Edinburghs Royal Mile, available for f 420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.1. At W, you can _.A. find a room close to the stationB. find a room which costs lessC. know how to kill timeD. know when and where there will be events2. “Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably _.A. an ideal holiday destinationB. the name of a railway stationC. a hotel away from the train stationD. the tube line to Covent Garden3. The passage shows that the ONeill Flat _.A. lies on the ground floorB. provides cooking facilities for touristsC. is located in central LondonD. costs over f100 on average per day in late September【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了削减去英国旅行成本的几个方法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AVOID BIG EVENTS中的“check out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.”可知，在Whatsonwhen. Com，你可以按城市、日期和类别搜索在英国举行的活动，故D项正确。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据该词的“the cheapest room at Travelodges Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was 75.75.”可知，伦敦Travelodges Central Euston酒店最便宜的房间是95.95，Covent Garden酒店的房间是75.75，此处与前面并列，提到应该还是一个酒店，再结合本段标题“STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION”可知，这是一个离火车站很远的酒店，故C项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen.”可知，ONeill Flat是一个拥有独立厨房的自助公寓，能够为游客提供烹饪设备，故B项正确。BNisha Pradhan is worried. The recent college graduate just turns 21 and plans to live on her own. But shes afraid she wont be able to stay safe. Thats because she isnt able to smell.Back home, her family do her smelling for her. Shes moved in with them for now, but shes looking for a place of her own. “Now that Im searching for ways or place to live as an independent person, I find that the sense of smell is important to how we live our lives,” Pradhan says.She says when she was a child she liked to eat and ate a lot. But there came a point where she lost interest in food.“One of the first things that people notice whenever they have a smell problem is that food doesnt taste right any more,” says Beverly Cowart, a researcher. Thats because eating and smell go hand in hand. How food tastes often rely on what we smell. “When you lose your sense of smell, your whole sense of food flavors changed and reduced,” Cowart says, “You can still taste the basic tastes. What youre missing are the small distinctions.”“When I go out to eat I have often found that food is very tasteless to me. I never feel full,” she says. “I think a lot of us today like to pretend to be food lovers and we all like to talk about Oh, I think this could use a little bit more flavor, or I think this has a hint of meat, I cant really participate in those conversations,” she says.Pradam thinks her smell loss also may have affected her memory. Pradhan may be on to something, according to biologist Paul Moore. “When smell signals come in, you feel about them first. And then you think about it and then the memory is laid down. So without the feel part, the thinking about its part doesnt come And that means no new smell memory gets created.”4. What is true about Pradhan?A. She has had no sense of smell since she was born.B. She suffers from loss of appetite through lack of smell sense.C. She has something wrong with her stomach.D. She is looking for a roommate to share the cost.5. What can we infer from what Beverly Cowart said?A. People with a smell problem have no food tastes.B. Different food tastes the same for people of smell loss.C. Lack of smell sense makes eating a dull experience.D. People feel hungry easily for lack of smell sense.6. When eating out, Pradhan _.A. feels left out sometimesB. often has a good appetiteC. pretends to have good smell senseD. has a sense of being full quickly7. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. Pradhan may be right.B. Pradhan may be foolish.C. Pradhan may be crazy.D. Pradhan may be forgettable.【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了21岁的女大学生Pradhan因缺乏嗅觉而食欲不振，她还认为记忆力也因此下降了。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thats because she isnt able to smell.”及“But there came a point where she lost interest in food.”可知，她因缺乏嗅觉而食欲不振，故B项正确。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When you lose your sense of smell, your whole sense of food flavors changed and reduced”可知，当你失去嗅觉时，你对食物全部的味觉都变了，降低了，也就是说缺乏嗅觉使吃东西变得枯燥无味，故C项正确。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I think this could use a little bit more flavor, or I think this has a hint of meat, I cant really participate in those conversations,”可知，当Pradhan出去吃饭时，不会参与到対食物的评论中，由此可知，她有时会感觉被遗忘，故A项正确。【7题详解】句意理解题。上文说Pradhan认为缺乏味觉可能会影响他的记忆力，根据画线部分后的“When smell signals come in, you feel about them first. And then you think about it and then the memory is laid down.”可知，当气味信号进来时，你首先感觉到它们，然后你想了想，记忆就沉淀下来，由此可知画线部分说的是“Pradhan是对的”，故A项正确。【点睛】句意理解题的难度很大，理解画线部分的上下文是关键，例如本篇第4题，上文说Pradhan认为缺乏味觉可能会影响她的记忆力，画线部分后的“When smell signals come in, you feel about them first. And then you think about it and then the memory is laid down.”是对画线部分的解释说明，即：当气味信号进来时，你首先感觉到它们，然后你想了想，记忆就沉淀下来，由此可知画线部分说的是“Pradhan是对的”。CAs a little girl growing up in the early 1960s in a suburb of Pittsburgh, it was not always easy to find role models, But I was lucky. In my childhood, I knew smart, strong women who had accomplished much, one of whom invented the worlds first computer compiler (编译器).Recently, though, I learned about a role model who was right under my nosemy own mother.Growing up, I knew she had worked as a secretary before I was born. I knew that she had joined the WAVESthe Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service branch of the U.S. Naval Reserve (海军预备队)during World War . And I knew shed worked in an office that was involved with codes (编码). But when she talked about itrare, because she had been sworn to secrecyshe described her duties as ordinary, routine. I never questioned it. After all, the woman I knew was a reserved suburban mom.Not long ago, a chance conversation with a colleague led me to the book, Code Girls. It tells the story of the WAVES, who decrypted (解码) and encrypted secret messages during the war. They worked around the clock, knowing that the lives of tens of thousands of soldierstheir brothers, husbands, fatherswere on the line.Inspired, I began a journey to explore the mystery of my mothers service that continues to this day. I got some of her working records about her unit, OP19. In two years, she was promoted three times. She was no secretary, and her duties were hardly ordinary.My mother always encouraged my interest in science and insisted to my father that I go to college. “Youre going to grow up to be another Madame Curie,” she told me. She was always pointing at other women. She did not see herself as someone to model on. Neither did I. Now I see her differently.8. Why didnt the authors mother tell the truth about her job?A. She was afraid of being fired by her company.B. She thought her job was just unremarkable.C. She thought secretary was better than her real job.D. She knew well what to be expected of her career.9. Which of the following words can best describe the authors mother?A. Devoted and faithful.B. Ambitious and reserved.C. Cooperative and sincere.D. Hardworking and skeptical.10. What can we learn from the text?A. The author doubted her mothers job when she was a child.B. The authors mother saw herself as an example to follow.C. Code Girls job is more important than that of the soldiers.D. Code Girls inspired the author to learn more of her mother.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Code Girls, My Favourite Book.B. Mom, My Real Role Model.C. The OP19, A Buried Secret.D. WAVES, A Mysterious Organization.【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了密码女孩让作者开始了一段探索妈妈的工作之旅，作者发现原来自己的妈妈就是眼皮子底下的榜样。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because she had been sworn to secrecyshe described her duties as ordinary, routine.”可知，妈妈曾发誓要保守秘密，所以她把工作描述为普通的例行公事，也就是说妈妈很清楚自己的工作性质，故D项正确。【9题详解】推理判断题。第二段说妈妈一直遵守誓言，保守工作秘密，她把工作描述为普通的例行公事，可见她很忠诚，根据第三段中的“They worked around the clock”可知，她和其他密码工作者一样日以及日地工作，可见她很有献身精神，故A项正确。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Inspired, I began a journey to explore the mystery of my mothers service that continues to this day.”可知，受密码女孩的鼓舞，作者开始了一段探索妈妈神秘的工作之旅，也就是说密码女孩的鼓舞作者了解更多关于妈妈的事情，故D项正确。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“Recently, though, I learned about a role model who was right under my nosemy own mother.”可知，本文主要讲述了作者眼皮子底下的榜样她的妈妈，故B项正确。【点睛】文章标题题难度较大，需要准确把握文章的主题句，例如本篇第4题，文章开篇就提到“role models”，紧接着在第二段“Recently, though, I learned about a role model who was right under my nosemy own mother.”说原来母亲就是自己眼皮子底下的榜样，故B.项Mom, My Real Role Model作标题最能概括出文章内容。DMany Americans think of driverless cars as a futuristic technology that will revolutionize travel in cities and along state highways. But recent experiments are proving that autonomous vehicles also have the potential to improve the quality of life for millions of Americans underserved by traditional ways of transportation, such as the elderly and disabled, so long as lawmakers make smart policies that pave the way for innovation.A retirement community in San Jose, Calif, which has been transformed by a small fleet (车队) of driverless taxis, shows the potential of self-driving cars to transform peoples lives. Built by a tech start-up called Voyage, the modified (被改进的) Ford Fusions are currently limited to a two-mile road, but residents are already having the benefits of these autonomous vehicles, which allow them to participate in social activities they would otherwise be unable to enjoy simply because they could not get to them.When the trial run finally expands to 15 miles of road, these residentswhose average age is 76will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments. As these cars continue to serve residents there, it is easy to understand why California is moving to simplify regulations for the industry.In Michigan, forward-thinking policies have the potential to unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical disability. The Michigan Disability Rights Coalition has strongly advocated for the development of this technology, saying that it could give people with disabilities greater opportunities in the workforce and enable them to lead more fulfilling (满意的), independent lives.Many recognize that autonomous vehicles will be the future of transportation, but it is too often overlooked that this future cannot arrive fast enough for millions of Americans who are forced to depend on others for day-to-day travel. The policymakers should follow the lead of places like California and Michigan, and pass rules and regulations to unlock these hidden benefits of driverless cars.12. Whats the attitude of most American people to the future of autonomous vehicles?A. uncertainB. optimisticC. indifferentD. doubtful13. What is the modified Ford Fusion?A. A kind of autonomous vehicle.B. The name of a retirement community.C. The collection of social activities.D. A two-mile road for self-driving cars.14. Examples are given in the third and fourth paragraphs to prove _.A. how driverless technology benefits the aged and disabledB. why driverless cars are restricted in many states in AmericaC. what are preventing the development of the technologyD. when driverless cars can enter peoples life eventually15. What does the author attempt to inform us in the last paragraph?A. The concept of autonomous vehicles has been widely recognized.B. Regulations should go hand in hand with driverless technology.C. The benefits of driverless cars have been fully unlocked.D. The weak groups are often overlooked despite technology advances.【答案】12. B 13. A 14. A 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了试验表明自动驾驶技术能够改善人们的生活质量，同时还指出监管应该与自动驾驶技术携手并进。【12题详解】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Many Americans think of driverless cars as a futuristic technology that will revolutionize travel in cities and along state highways.”可知，大多数美国民众认为自动驾驶技术将改变城市和州高速公路上的交通方式，由此可知，他们对自动驾驶汽车持乐观态度，故B项正确。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the modified (被改进的) Ford Fusions are currently limited to a two-mile road, but residents are already having the benefits of these autonomous vehicles”可知，改良的福特福星目前仅限于行驶两英里，但当地居民已经拥有了这些自动驾驶汽车的好处，由此可知，改良的福特福星一种自动驾驶汽车，故A项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the trial run finally expands to 15 miles of road, these residentswhose average age is 76will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments.”可知，自动驾驶汽车为76岁的老年人提供了一个方便可靠的预约；根据第四段中的“unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical disability.”可知，自动驾驶汽车对残疾人有潜在的好处，由此可知第三、四段的例子就是为了证明自动驾驶技术会使老年人和残疾人受益，故A项正确。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The policymakers should follow the lead of places like California and Michigan, and pass rules and regulations to unlock these hidden benefits of driverless cars.”可知，政策制定者应该效仿加州和密歇根州的做法，通过规章制度释放自动驾驶技术的好处，由此可知，作者想告诉我们监管应该与自动驾驶技术携手并进，故B项正确。【点睛】关于举例证明的题型抓住段落主题句是关键，说明文的段落主题句一般在每段的段首，例如本篇第3题，根据第三段第一句“When the trial run finally expands to 15 miles of road, these residentswhose average age is 76will also have a convenient and reliable new way to appointments.”可知，自动驾驶汽车为76岁的老年人提供了一个方便可靠的预约；根据第四段第一句“unlock other hidden benefits of autonomous vehicles, especially for those with physical disability.”可知，自动驾驶汽车对残疾人有潜在的好处，由此可知，第三、四段的例子就是为了证明自动驾驶技术会使老年人和残疾人受益。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)What attitude would you have to disappointments in life? _16_ Find out how a chair, a pair of sunglasses and other items can hold unexpected promise for controlling your anger.1. _17_Theres a reason youve probably never gotten into an angry state of mind from a chair. W. Robert Nay, a clinical professor, says, “Our brains become conditioned to associate sitting and lying down with feeling relaxed.” Thats why its so easy to fall asleep on an airplane. Sitting down, Nay says, sends a message of safety and security to your brain.2. Dont get mad; get organized.A study of nearly 11,000 subjects in 42 countries found that the key to hold back anger is preventing it in the first place. Spending a few minutes every morning to map out your day will go far in lowering anger and anxiety levels. The theory: _18_3. Keep your cool with a pair of shades.Research in the journal Cognition & Emotion (情绪) found that when people walk in direct sun without sunglasses, the light causes them to feel depressed. _19_ Study co-author Daniele Marzoli suggests seeking shade during heated exchanges: “Compared outdoor, indoor conversations have more friendly interactions.”4. Handle anger in a sensible way.We are busy working all day as if running a car on the high way. But remember: remind yourself to brake at any time in case of sudden crash. When you re in anger, say to yourself, “Why am I angry? Is it necessary?” _20_ Its useful to handle problems.A. Take a seat right now.B. Dont be an angry bird.C. Well begun is half done.D. Youre suddenly a crazy angry person.E. Effective time management keeps you on track, avoiding stress.F. When attention is transferred, blind emotion will be controlled.G. Those who walked unshaded against the rays had increased aggressiveness scores.【答案】16. B 17. A18. E 19. G20. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何控制愤怒情绪的几个方法。【16题详解】根据本空后的“Find out how a chair, a pair of sunglasses and other items can hold unexpected promise for controlling your anger.”可知，看看一把椅子、一副太阳镜以及其他的东西时如何出人意料地帮助你控制愤怒的，此处是说不要做一个愤怒的人，故B项（不要做一只愤怒的小鸟）符合语境。【17题详解】根据本段中的“Sitting down, Nay says, sends a message of safety and security to your brain.”可知，坐下来会向你的大脑传递一种安全和保障的信息，本段讲的是坐下来对控制愤怒的好处，故A项（马上坐下来）符合语境。【18题详解】根据本空前的“Spending a few minutes every morning to map out your day will go far in lowering anger and anxiety levels.”可知，每天早晨花几分钟规划你的一天会大大降低愤怒和