新视野综合训练3第二版阅读原文翻译

Unit1Passage1Valentines Day probably has its origin in the ancient Roman celebration called Lupercalia(牧神节) . It was celebrated on February 15. In the Roman calendar February was in the spring. The celebration honored the gods Lupercus and Faunus as well as the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. As part of the ceremony the priests paired up young man and women. The girls names were placed in a box and each boy drew a girls name. The couple was paired then until the next Lupercalia. In 260AD the emperor Claudius II, called Claudius the Cruel, decided that young soldiers would only be distracted by marriage and so ordered that young men may not marry. Valentinus( Valentine), a Christian priest, defied the emperor and got married in secret. He was caught executed(处死)，on February 14, the eve of Lupercalia. His name became associated with young love forever after. In 496, Pope Gelasius set aside February 14 to honor him as Saint Valentine and it has been St. Valentines Day ever since. In the Middle Ages, some of the customs of the Lupercalia still persisted in spite of the attempts of the Church to put an end to these non-Christian customs and Christianize the holiday. Both men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear the names on their sleeves for a week. Today we still sometimes “wear our hearts on our sleeves” when we cannot conceal our feelings.In the 1600s, it became common to give flowers, particularly the rose, as a sign of love as the “language of flowers”. This came to Europe from Turkey. The color and placement of rose held a special significance- a red rose, for example, meant beauty. Flowers have been part of Valentines Day ever since. 情人节可能起源于古罗马的牧神节庆祝活动被称为（牧神节）。它是在二月十五日庆祝。在罗马历二月是春天。庆祝尊重神卢帕克斯和福纳斯以及孪生兄弟罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯，罗马的传奇缔造者。作为仪式的祭司配对，年轻人和妇女的一部分。女孩的名字被放置在一个盒子里，每个男孩都画上了一个女孩的名字。这对夫妇配对之后直到下一节。在260ad皇帝克劳狄二世，叫做克劳狄斯残酷的年轻士兵，决定只会被婚姻等命令，年轻人不结婚。瓦伦廷（情人节），一个基督教牧师，违抗皇帝秘密结婚了。他被处决（处死），二月十四日，牧神节的前夕。他的名字就成了年轻的爱永远在相关。在496，教皇格拉西把二月十四日定为情人节纪念他和有情人节以来。在中世纪，一些的牧神节海关仍坚持在教堂的把这些非基督徒和基督教节日习俗尽管尝试。男女从碗中抽取名字来看看谁会是他们的情人。他们会穿的名字写在袖子上一个星期。今天我们仍然有时“穿我们的心在袖子”当我们无法掩饰自己的感情。在17世纪，它给花变得普遍，特别是玫瑰，是爱的标志为“花语”。这是从土耳其到欧洲。颜色和位置的玫瑰举行了一个特殊的意义一朵红玫瑰，例如，意味着美。花已情人节的一部分，自从。Passage2Having raised eight children of my own, I know the dilemma parents face. In a world increasingly hostile to children, we want to show we care by acting on our loving impulse, which usually means spending. But when our kids came home asking for the latest designer wear, my wife and I knew we had to say “no” more often than not. Of course, deciding to have no TV in the house was the first real breakthrough; I doubt we would have won this battle without freeing ourselves from its influence.As a child, I grew up in what I now see was poverty. For the first few years of my life, I ate only the smallest amount. Yet, I would find it hard to imagine a happier childhood. Why? Because my parents gave us children time and attention on a daily basis. For instance, no matter how busy they were, they tried to eat breakfast with us before we went off to school each morning.No child should have to live in poverty. But I firmly believe that the happiness of a child does not depend on his or her access to material wealth. After all, it is the love we give our children, and not the things, that will remain with them for life.Having worked thirty years as a family counselor, I know that parents really do love their children, and want to do what is best for them. But what does it mean to give a child love? Next time, you feel that you have failed your kids, and are tempted to relieve those feelings by bringing home gifts, remember that we cant buy our childrens affection. All they really want, and need, is time and attentiveness, a listening ear and an encouraging word. These are things every parent can provide.在抚养了八个自己的孩子之后,我明白了父母要面对的尴尬境地.在一个逐渐对孩子充满敌意的世界里,我们想要通过爱的冲动来对孩子表达我们的关心,通常就意味着要花钱.但是当我们的孩子回家找我们要最新设计的衣服时,我跟我的妻子知道我们大多数情况下要说“不”.当然,我们决定家里不买电视是第一个突破.如果我们没能从它的影响中释放出我们自己的感受,我很怀疑我们到底赢了还是输了这场斗争.当我还是孩子的时候,我是在一个现在看来很穷的家里长大的.在我人生的最初几年,我只能吃最少量的食物.然而,我发现我想象不出一个更幸福的童年.为什么?因为我的父母每天都给予了我们时间和关系.比如,不管他们多忙,他们都尽量在每天早上我们上学前跟我们一起吃早餐.没有一个小孩要在贫穷中渡过.但是我坚信一个孩子的幸福肯定不取决于他（她）所拥有的物质财富.毕竟,是我们给予孩子的爱而不是物质会伴随他们的一生.当了30年的家庭顾问后,我知道父母肯定是爱他们的孩子的,而且都想对他们的孩子最好.但是要给予孩子爱意味着什么?下次,当你觉得你让孩子失望了,然后试图想通过带点礼物给孩子就消除他们的情绪的话,请记住我们买不到孩子的感情.他们真正想要和需要的是时间和关注,乐于倾听的耳朵和鼓励的话语.这些是任何一位父母都能给予的.3In the 1990severyone believed that education was the key to economic SuccessA collegedegreeeven a postgraduate degree，was essential for everyone who wanted a good job as 0ne ofthose“symbolic analyst”在二十世纪九十年代，每个人都相信教育是经济成功的关键。大学学历，甚至是一个在职的研究生学位，对每个想获得好工作诸如“符号分析师“人也是必须的。But computers are proficient at analyzing symbols；it is the messiness of the real world thalthev haye trouble withTherefore，many of the jobs that once required a college degree havebeen eliminatedThe others can be done by any intelligent person，whether or not he has studiedliterature计算机精通分析符号，但是他所存在问题，在真实世界是混乱的。因此，许多以前需要大学学历的工作现在已经取消了。其他的工作能够通过许多聪明的人来完成，无论他是不是学习过文学。This trend should have been obvious in 1 996Even then，Americans richest man was BBatesa cOllege dropout who did not need a lot of formal education to build the worlds mostpowerful information technology company这种趋势自1996年后变得很明显。甚至是美国最富有的人比尔盖茨。一个大学退学生，他不需要许多正常的教育来构建强有力的信息技术公司。Or consider the panic over“downsizing”that gripped America in 1 996An economistsauicklv pointed out the rate at which Americans were losing jobs in the 90s was not especiallyhigh bv historical standardsDownsizing suddenly became news because，for the first time，white-coilarcollegeeducated workers were being fired in large numbers，even while skilledmechanists and other bluecollar workers were in demandThis should have signaled that thedays of the everrising wage premiums for people with higher education were over或者，（咱们）考虑下1996年笼罩在美国的“裁员”恐巨慌。一个经济学家很快指出90年代在美国失业率与标准相比并不特别高。裁员突然成为新闻，因为第一次的，大批受过大学教育的白领工作被解雇，即使同时需求熟练的机械师和其他蓝领工人。这应该标志着以前对受过较高教育的人给予较高的工资奖金的时代结束了。Eventualty,the eroding payoff of higher education created a crisis in education itselfWhyshould a student put himself through four years of college a d several years of postgraduate workto acauire academic credentials with little monetary value?These days,jobs that require only 6or 12 months of vocational training-child-nursing,carpentry,household maintenance and soon-pay nearly as much as if not more than a job that requires a masters degree,and pay morethan one requiring a PhD最终，削弱高等教育的所获收入回报在教育本身也引起了危机。为什么一个上了四年大学和几年研究生的学生获得较高的学术资历但工作时获得较少的金钱价值？现在的时代，需要6-12个月的假期儿童看护工作，木工，家务保洁工等等，工资支付的几乎一样多，好象这些没有一个需要硕士学位的工作，需要博士学位的工作工资高一些。So enrOllment in colleges and universities has dropped almost two thirds，since its peak atthe turn of this centuryToday a place like Harvard is，a it was in the 1 9th century,more of asocial institution than a scholarly onea place for children of the wealthy to refine their socialgraces and befriend others of their class因此高校入学率下降了约三分之二，而在本世纪初是入学的高峰。今天当哈佛这样的地方，在19世纪是一个社会性多于学者性的学院，是一个让有钱的孩子们变得在社会上优雅并能友好的对待他们同阶层的人的地方。如今，只需要6或12个月职业培训的工作孩子护理、木匠、家庭维修等与要求有研究生学位的工作相比，其报酬如果不是更高的话，几乎是一样多的；它的工资比要求有博士学位的工作还要高。4We received your letter dated 2nd July, expressing your dissatisfaction with the present level of your sales in Nigeria. We shall try to explain as briefly as possible how it is that your competitors are doing so well so that you may see why it is that we are not. We shall also suggest ways of improving the present situation. Our difficulties may be summarized as follows :Our competitors pay for extensive advertising in newspapers and magazines that reach every corner of Nigeria. We receive no financial help for advertising and do not receive sufficient commission to pay for it ourselves.The company referred to in your letter sent a two-man team on a tour of six provinces in a specially equipped lorry containing the models they wished to publicize. Their agent had arranged displays in the towns they were due to visit and had announced them in the local press. With such backing from the manufacturer ,high sales are inevitable !What sells well in Europe does not necessarily sell well elsewhere. Your competitors know this and plan accordingly. They give maximum publicity to three or four models that are sure to sell well here. We would suggest that you do the same and concentrate on the 98cc Speedy, the 250cc Hunter and the 350cc Hawk.In spite of the excellent containership service between England and West Africa we are still having to wait for too long for orders to be shipped. Once they have placed an order, customers are impatient to receive it. Our present commission of 10/00 does not allow us to undertake sales tours in other regions. Nigeria covers an area of over 350 , 000 square miles and our present commission will not stand the expense of such trips.我们收到了七月第二日来函收悉，表达你的不满，你在尼日利亚的销售目前的水平。我们要尽量简短地解释它是如何使你的竞争对手做得这么好，所以你可以看到为什么它是我们不。我们也建议改善现状的方法。我们的困难可以概括如下：我们的竞争对手支付大量的广告，报纸和杂志，到达尼日利亚的每个角落。我们没有收到财政帮助广告并没有收到足够的佣金支付它自己。公司在你信中提到的发送一二人团队游览六个省区的特殊装备的卡车包含模型，他们希望宣传。他们的代理设置了显示在城镇，他们由于访问他们在当地报纸上宣布。从制造商这样的支持，高销售是不可避免的！什么在欧洲销售得很好并不一定卖的好地方。你的竞争者知道这个计划。他们大张旗鼓地宣传三或四的模型，确保销售好。我们建议你做同样的事，集中精力98cc迅速，250cc猎人和350cc鹰。在优秀的集装箱服务英国和西非之间，我们仍在等待订单发运尽管太长。一旦他们的订单，客户是没有耐心的去接受它。我们目前的10 / 00的佣金，不允许我们在其它地区进行销售旅游。尼日利亚占地面积超过350，000平方英里，我们目前的委员会将不起这样的旅行费用。Unit3Passage1Fifteen-year-old freshman Charles Andy Williams, who is being held in the shooting in California that left two students dead and 13 wounded, was reportedly the butt of jokes, a weekend drinker and one who hung out at a local skate park with kids who did drugs. Had he and his peers received meaningful instruction in character formation, theres a good chance their sense of respect for themselves and others would have held back the ridiculing and created a better atmosphere.Many youngsters have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions. Consequently, schools stress academic achievement but dont always identify and reinforce the habits that students need to become virtuous.But theres hope. More and more schools, from the rich suburbs to the inner cities, are realizing that good test scores arent enough if students are not? t taught to be responsible members of society.I wove character education into my lessons as a third-grade teacher at DisneyElementary in Burbank, California. We had a virtue of the month, and each day after lunch, my class read a story demonstrating that virtue. The lessons produced academic benefits, too. After reading Aesops The Tortoise and the Hare, one student who was having trouble learning multiplication raised his hand and said Learning the times tables is really hard, but I know I need to persevere.High expectations for good behavior also have helped students academically at Cleveland elementary, the washington school that holds the weekly classes. last year, it scored in the 70th percentile in reading on the Stanford-9, a national achievement test, and in the 86th percentile in math-well above the average for many prosperous suburbs.We cant afford to lose any more children to actions that spring from moral ignorance. Parents and schools must provide children with a strong academic foundation, but they need to teach them common values as well. Virtue is a lesson that ladies and gentlemen in all schools can-and must-learn now.十五岁的大一新生查尔斯“安迪”威廉姆斯，谁是目前在加利福尼亚拍摄，留下两名学生死亡、13人受伤，据报道是笑话，一个周末的酒徒和一个挂在一个孩子做药物当地的滑板公园。他和他的同伴们在“性格形成”收到的指导意义，有很好的机会，他们对自己和他人的尊重感会阻碍的嘲笑和创造更好的氛围。许多年轻人都很难看到他们的行为有什么道德的维度。因此，学校强调学业成绩，但不一定要经常发现和加强学生的习惯，学生需要成为美德。但希望。越来越多的学校，从富裕的郊区到城市的内部，都意识到，如果学生不在，好的考试成绩是不够的？教给社会负责的成员。我把品格教育进入我的课三分之一年级的老师在迪斯尼小学在伯班克，加利福尼亚。我们有一个“美德”，每一天午餐后，我的课堂上读了一个故事，表明美德。这些课程也产生了学术上的好处。读伊索寓言中的乌龟和兔子，一个学生很难学习乘法举起手说：“学习乘法表是真的很难，但是我知道我必须坚持下去。”对良好行为的高期望在克利夫兰小学、华盛顿的学校、每周一班的学生中也有帮助。去年，它取得了第七十位数的stanford-9阅读，一个国家的成绩测试，并在第八十六位数数学高于平均很多繁荣的郊区。我们不能失去任何更多的孩子来行动，从道德的无知春天。家长和学校必须为孩子们提供一个强大的学术基础，但他们需要教他们共同的价值观。美德是一个教训，女士们，先生们，在所有学校可以-和必须学习。2Most Americans will tell you that character education in schools is a good idea. According to pollsters ,90% of us want schools to teach core moral values. But what should “character education” look like? And more important, does it work? 大多数美国人会告诉你,品格教育在学校是一个好主意。根据民意调查,90%的美国希望学校教核心道德价值观。但是应该“品格教育”看起来像什么?更重要的是,它是否工作 Take a look at Traut Core Knowledge School in Fort Collins, Colo. Traut Core is a public school with a waiting list of 500 students. A strong focus on 12 core values throughout the school culture has contributed to high academic achievement a Traut Core. The school now ranks first in reading and in the top five in math out of the 26 schools in the district. 看看Traut核心知识学校位于柯林斯堡的科罗拉多州。Traut核心是一个公共学校500名学生的等待名单。强烈关注12核心价值观在整个学校文化已经导致了高学术成就一个Traut核心。学校现在排名第一的阅读和数学在前五名的26所学校在区。 Private schools are also on the list. The Montrose School in Natick, Mass. Has daily homerooms that focus on character discussions and leadership, and the school provides many opportunities for service to others. At Montrose, moral development is inseparable from academic achievement. 私立学校也在名单之列。在纳蒂克的蒙特罗斯学校,质量。有日常指导教室,专注于角色的讨论和领导,学校提供了许多机会,为他人服务。在蒙特罗斯、道德发展密不可分的学术成就。 Wake County Public Schools in North Carolina is a case study in how to get comprehensive character education programs going in every school. Beginning in1992, the district appointed a task force with broad representation from the community. Public meetings were held, surveys sent out, and other efforts made to ensure that character education in the schools would be built on the shared moral values of the citizens in this large and diverse district. Wake郡公立学校在北卡罗莱纳是一个案例研究如何得到综合素质教育项目会在每一个学校。开始in1992、地区指定一个专责小组和来自社区的广泛代表性。公众集会,调查发出,和其他努力确保品格教育的学校将是建立在共享的道德价值观的公民在这个庞大而多样化的地区 Today, character education is part of the mission of every Wake County school. The district provides in-service training and resources for teachers, encourages parental involvement and evaluates the results. 今天,品格教育的任务之一是每Wake郡的学校。该地区提供在职培训和资源为教师,鼓励父母参与和评估结果。 Higher academic achievement, lower drop-out （辍学）rates, fewer discipline problems, a more positive and caring school environmentwho doesnt want schools like these? And who wouldnt like to see students who are more caring, respectful, honest and responsible? 较高的学术成就,降低退学(辍学)利率,更少的纪律问题,一个更积极的和有爱心的学校环境谁不希望学校像这些吗?和谁不喜欢看到学生更多的关怀、尊重、诚实和负责任的Passage3A study issued by the University of Washington shows that a lack of academic achievement is closely linked to substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior in the students social environment. According to the study, groups of middle and high school students with even moderate involvement with substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior have dramatically lower academic achievement than groups of students with little or no involvement in these behaviors. Factors such as poverty, community risk, absence of social skills, and a lack of commitment to school also contribute to lower academic performance among groups of students. 签发的一项研究表明,华盛顿大学的缺乏学术成就息息相关,物质滥用、暴力和非法行为在学生的社会环境。根据这项研究,组初中和高中学生甚至适度参与物质滥用、暴力和非法行为有显著降低学术成就比组学生很少或根本没有参与这些行为。因素如贫困、社会风险,缺乏社会技能,以及缺乏承诺学校也有助于降低学生的学业成绩组间 The researcher said, “If we expect most students to achieve our states learning goals, we need prevention programs that target the social environment and that are extensive enough to reach all students in all schools. Our efforts should engage schools, parents and the community and focus on factors outside the classroom.” Dr. Sheri L. Hill, assistant director of the UWs Washington Kids Court project, also said, “Intervention needs to start when students begin their first day of school and continue through high school.”研究人员说,“如果我们期望大多数学生实现我们的国家的学习目标,我们需要预防计划,目标的社会环境,是广泛足以达到所有的学生在所有的学校。我们的努力应该参与学校、家长和社区和教室外因素的关注。“施瑞l希尔博士,华盛顿大学的助理主任华盛顿法院项目,还说孩子,”干预需要开始当学生开始他们的第一天上学和持续到高中。The 2000 Washington State Survey of Adolescent Healthy Behaviors found that 20 to 40 percent of middle and high school students are involved with substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior. This means a significant proportion of children at age 10 and older are exposed to risky attitudes and behaviors in their everyday social environments. 2000年的华盛顿国家青少年健康行为的调查发现,40%至的初中和高中学生参与物质滥用、暴力和非法行为。这意味着很大比例的孩子在10岁及以上暴露于风险态度和行为在他们日常的社会环境“We have to approach student learning from the perspective of the whole child,” said Terry Bergeson, state superintendent of public instruction. “Weve known about the individual effects poverty, substance abuse and violence can have on young people. Todays study takes that knowledge one step further by demonstrating their collective effect on the entire school community,” she added, “The way to influence student success includes strong schools, parental involvement and community participation. It must be a shared responsibility.” 我们已经接近学生学习的角度,从整个孩子,”特里说,州学校督学Bergeson公共指令。“我们知道个人影响贫困、物质滥用和暴力可以对年轻人。今天的研究需要,知识更进一步通过展示他们的集体影响整个学校社区,”她补充道,“来影响学生成功包括强大的学校,家长参与和社区的参与。它必须是一个共同的责任4When I was four, my parents signed me up to take Saturday-morning enrichment classes at Northwestern University. Sometimes I was frustrated, because I felt my parents were making me do something that cut into my time with my friends. I was taking advanced subjects, but I was still just a kid. I felt bad when I said no to Friday-night sleepovers because I had to wake up at 7:30 the next morning. But I also remember coming home in eighth grade and feeling so happy about my philosophy class. Thats when I realized how much Id gained from the investment theyd made in my future.When I was younger, I took piano, dance and violin. I also played soccer, basketball and tennis. And I had the Saturday classes at Northwestern. Now, at 17, I still have a very full week, which includes being president of the Model UN at my school and tutori