2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品：SB1A(unit1-12)专题二 重点词组

2020;2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品SB1 A ( unit1unit 12)专题二：重点词组高考解读【高考导航】2020;2020高考命题趋向分析：1Break down和break up 的辨析在前几年考察的频率特别的高，最近几年不同的省份也多少有所考察。车坏了、桥塌了、和谈失败了、人的精神和健康一下子垮了要用Break down。学校放假、婚姻解体、人群散开要用break up 当然，还有其它的短语，比如：break in break into break offbreak out等等。各种动词短语和短语动词的考察一直一来都是高考考察的重点，15个单选中通常考察一到两个。考生在备考时要把它们作为重点来复习和掌握2in order to ,so as to, in order that和so that的区别一直是高考的设题点。考生在复习备考中应该注意：（1）in order to 引导目的状语，位于句首或句中；（2）so as to 引导目的状语，只位于句中；（3）so that(in order that)引导的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常与may,might,can,could等情态动词连用。此考点可以和倒装句以及连词放在一起考查，在复习备考中要倍加重视3.come about 是个不及物的短语动词，所以它的后面不可以跟宾语，常用于It comes about that-这一句式中。它和另外的几个表示发生的短语的辨析是重点：break out/ happen / occur / take place 以及它和有come构成的短语的辨析 come up / come out / come off/ come on / ，将是2020;2020备考复习的重点4.as well as意思为：和-一样好； 既-又-，不但-而且-特别是它连接并列主语时谓语动词的单复数往往是考察的重点，当然，它和as well的区别也是高考考察的重点，复习备考时应该引起重视5. such as 用来列举事物或事件。对它的考察常常出现在完形填空中.such as 用来列举同类事物，它和被列举的食物之间不能使用标点符号，可以和etc连用，并且，只能放在所列举的事物的前面for example 用来举个例子。要用逗号和举的例子隔开，位置可以在句中、句首和句末6. leave out 动词短语，意思为：不包括，不提级，漏掉，省略掉。它和下面几个短语的辨析应该是复习的重点:leave -behind 忘记，未带，把-留在后面 /leave off sth./doing停止做-/ leave over 推迟-/ leave sb/sth alone 不打扰，不干涉【真题品析】(09江苏卷)24.- I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ .-So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up【答案】A. 这里的意思为夫妻二人分手了。婚姻的解体用break up【点拨】考察对短语动词的辨析和掌握(09江苏)30.This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and background.A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of【答案】B 考察固定短语.【点拨】 according to 根据 regardless of 不管，不顾 in addition to 另外 in terms of 就.而言.这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生,不管他们的教育水平和背景如何（09海南）1. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt_.A. get along B. get onC. get to D. get through【答案】D。 短语动词，考查考生对词义的判断能力。句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get along 进展，相处。get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。依据句意，选D（09辽宁卷）Peters jacket looked the same as Jacks ,but it cost _ his.A. as twice as much B. twice as much as C. as much twice as D.as much as twice【答案】B.考察倍数的表达方式【点拨】倍数要放在as much as 结构之前（2020;2020 浙江卷）18. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; thatC. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that【答案】D. not until的固定用法。用于强调句式，It is/was not until-that-.【点拨】掌握not until强调句式即可知识网络重点短语come about bring in in order to even though such as protect-from as well as take place cut down take off think highly of leave out stare at would rather under attack every foure years break down take measures call for in case come across believe in in trouble but for精讲点拔考点一 come about【基础过关】come about 不及物动词短语，意思为发生，相当与happen, take place。后面不可以给宾语，也不可以使用被动语态 How did it come about that you got lost?你怎么会迷路了哪？【拓展延伸】happen 强调偶然发生take place 指按计划、按安排发生.break out 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发occur 常用于句式： sth occurs to sb以上这些单词和短语的主语都不可以是人，也不可以用于被动语态【典型例题】How did it _that you failed in the exam.A. come about B. occur C. take place D. break out【答案】A。【点拨】近义词的固定句式的用法考点二 in order to【基础过关】 in order to目的是，为了（引导目的状语）。so as to也是引导目的状语，in order to可位于句首或句中，so as to只位于句中，也可以分开，so-as to。它们的否定式均为在to前加not例如：She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.她早早到场，好找个好位置In order to get a complete picture further information is needed.为掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.悄悄进去，别把宝宝吵醒He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.提示：他如此粗心大意，竟然没有把车锁上。soas to意为“如此以至于”，引导的是结果状语【拓展延伸】so that, in order that 引导的目的状语从句,此时从句中需加情态动词may,might,could,can等，可以和in order to, so as to 转化；He works hard so that/in order that he could keep up with his classmates.= He works hard in order to/so as to keep up with his classmates=In order to keep up with his classmates, he works hard【典型例题】He kept quiet about punishment _be laughed at by his colleagues.A. so not as to B. so as not to B. so as to not D. not so as to【答案】B 考查not在so as to中的位置【点拨】把握not应该放在to 之前即可考点三even though【基础过关】even though 连词短语，引导让步状语从句，意思为：尽管，即使等于even ifEven though I fail many times ,I will not give up my dreams.即使我失败很多次，我也不会放弃我的梦想I will go ,even if you dont come .即使你不来，我也会去的【拓展延伸】as thought/if-“仿佛好象”引导方式状语从句或表语从句1）从句若表示与事实相反时，常用虚拟语气When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were brokenHe talks as if he knew everything well.他说起来好像对此全都知道2）若从句中的情况可能发生或为真实的，也可用陈述语气It looks as if our team is going to win. 看起来我们队要嬴了【典型例题】T he boss will not see us _we give in in some way.A. even if B. as if C. as thought D. but【答案】A。即使我们在某些方面作出让步，老板也不会见我们的。B 和C.的意思相同。意思为：好像，似乎。【点拨】牢记意思，按句意排除考点四Such as【基础过关】such as 用来列举事物或事件I have many good friends such as Marry, Jone ,Tom etc.我有许多好朋友，比如，玛丽、约翰、和汤姆。【拓展延伸】such as 和for example的辨析such as 用来列举同类事物，它和被列举的食物之间不能使用标点符号，可以和etc连用，并且，只能放在所列举的事物的前面。for example 用来举个例子。要用逗号和举的例子隔开，位置可以在句中、句首和句末There are many good students, For example, Li Ming .【典型例题】Many things were destroyed _ houses, trees, animals.A. such as B. for example C . etc. D. as like【答案】A。考察短语的句式特点【点拨】空格后无标点符号考点五as well as【基础过关】as well as意思为：和-一样好； 既-又-，不但-而且-I can learn as well as you .我和你学得一样好My mother as well as all the children is really happy.不但我妈妈而且所有的孩子们都很高兴【拓展延伸】as well as既-又-，不但-而且-用来连接两个并列的主语as well 放在句末，表示也，相当于too.I learned the matter as well.我也得知了此事与as搭配的短语treatas 把当做look onas 把视为consideras 把 看作takeas 把理解为haveas 把看做describe as 把描述成refer toas 把称为regardas 把看成makeas 把视为；把定为useas 把当做来使用【典型例题】She is _a kind-hearted girl who is always willing to help others.A. thought B. thought of C. thought of as D. thought as【答案】 C 考查固定词组的被动式【点拨】此处是think of sb as的被动式，意为把 看作I wonder what will become of my daughter _endless homework, she also bears other leading loads.A. as well as B. except C. with D. rather than【答案】A.考察同意词组的辨析除了无休止的作业外，我女儿还承担着其它的主要负担。【点拨】as well as 在这里相当于besides.考点六bring in【基础过关】bring in 把-带近来； 赢得、获得、赚得Dont bring the dog in.别把那只狗带近来。I can bring in 2000yuan a month.我一个月可以赚2000元。【典型例题】He wasted what he _in entertainment.A. brought in B. brought C. brought out D. brought up【答案】A。考察短语动词的词义。他把所赚的都花在娱乐上了【点拨】注意近义词组的辨析考点七cut down【基础过关】cut down 砍倒；缩短，删减In the morning he cut the tree down.早晨，他砍倒了这棵树【拓展延伸】cut down砍倒；缩短，删减cut through =cut across 抄近路；砍通cut up 砍碎；心碎，及其的伤心cut in 插嘴cut out 切成；停止做某事cut off切断，隔绝【典型例题】You are in bad condition ,so you should _on smoking later.A. cut up B. cut down C. cut in D. cut off【答案】B。考察近义词组的辨析【点拨】cut down on 少-点-考点八watch out【基础过关】watch out戒备，提防。常于for搭配使用watch out for your head.当心你的头【拓展延伸】look out 语气最强，用于紧急情况或可能出现的危险场合，以唤起对方的注意，提高警惕。look out. There is a car coming.当心。车来了take care多用于出现不测的情况下，作出提醒和警告。take care. The pan is hot. 当心。锅是热的。be careful 使用场合广，多和of /about连用。be careful not to break the glass.小心别碰坏玻璃了【典型例题】-_for the glass.-I am wearing shoes.A. look out B. Walk out C. go out D. set out【答案】A。考察out结尾的短语动词的用法。【点拨】Walk out，走出去。. go out，出去. set out，出发。考点九 take off【基础过关】take off 多义动词短语。意思为：起飞，突然离去，大受欢迎，成名，脱掉，休息。The plane will take off at 7. 飞机七点起飞This kind of fashion takes off quickly. 这种时尚很快流行起来。The boy took off his coat. 那个男孩脱掉外套The show had to be taken off because of the weather.由于天气，这个展览被取消了We took a day off after the journey.旅行结束后，我们休息了一天Take off the beard. 把胡子刮掉【典型例题】It is ten years since the scientist _on the discovering of the chemical.A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up.【答案】B. 自从那位科学家开始这一化学物质的发现已经十年了【点拨】make for 为-而做 turn up 出现，露面。考点十 think highly of【基础过关】think highly of 对-高度赞扬，对-重视。The film was highly thought of by the young. 这部电影受到年轻人的好评。【拓展延伸】Think highly of =think much of 重视、对-评价高Think nothing of =think little of 无视、对-评价低I think nothing of the book. 我认为这本书不值一提。【典型例题】This is the book which is highly thought _.A. of B. over C. in D. out【答案】A。考察短语动词的被动语态。【点拨】Think highly of 变成被动时，副词要提到动词短语的前面考点十一 go wrong【基础过关】go wrong 动词短语，走错路，失败，出现故障，进展不顺利。The program goes wrong. 这个项目出问题了【拓展延伸】是系动词，后面跟个形容词常常表示不好的变化go mad=go crazy 发疯go bad 变坏go sour 变酸go pale 脸色变的苍白【典型例题】On hearing the news ,she _pale.A. went B. got C. changed D. appeared【答案】A。考察系动词词义的辨析。【点拨】go pale脸色变的苍白考点十二 leave out【基础过关】leave out 动词短语，意思为：不包括，不提级，漏掉，省略掉。My name was left out in the list, 我的名字在名单上漏掉了【拓展延伸】leave -behind 忘记，未带，把-留在后面He left his wife behind in the car. 他把他的妻子留在后面的车上。leave off sth./doing停止做-Lets leave off talking .我们别在谈话了。leave over 推迟-The meeting was left over.会议被推迟了。leave sb/sth alone 不打扰，不干涉Leave the dog alone.别惹那条狗leave for 动身去-Jack is leaving for Shanghai next week.杰克下个周要去上海【典型例题】If anyone calls, tell them I am out and ask them to _a message.A. pass B. write C. take D. leave【答案】D.考察小动词的用法【点拨】pass 通过 write 书写 take 带走考点十三 stare at【基础过关】stare at盯着，只表示动作。When I passed ,the children were staring at the sky.当我路过的时候，孩子们正盯着天空看【拓展延伸】stare at 盯着，只表示动作glare at 瞪者，表示生气了My boss glared at me .我们的老板瞪着我【典型例题】It is impolite to _one in our county.A. see B. stare at C. glare at D. speak【答案】B.在我们国家，老是盯着一个人看是不礼貌的【点拨】注意句子的语境。考点十四 would rather【基础过关】would rather 宁愿做某事，后面用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿呆在家，也不出去【拓展延伸】宁愿做某事而不愿去做某事的表达方法：would rather do-than do-=would do -rather than do=prefer to do -rather do-The hero would die rather than give in.这位英雄宁死不屈would rather sb did 宁愿某人做某事，这里要使用虚拟语气I would rather you passed the exam.我宁愿你考及格了【典型例题】To enjoy the scenery, I would rather spend long hours on the train _travel by air.A. as B. to C. than D .while【答案】C.考察短语的习惯搭配【点拨】Would rather do-than do-。看出题干中的would rather是解题的关键。考点十五 give in【基础过关】give in 让步，屈服In no way will we give in . 我们决不屈服【拓展延伸】give away 给出；出卖，泄露出Some rich people gave the things that they dont need away to the poor.一些富人把自己没有用的东西送给穷人give out 分发；透露The government gave out the news that the president passed away.政府发布消息说总统去世了give off 发出光、热、气味、烟、雾等The gas gave off an awful smell. 这种气体发出难闻的气味give up 放弃Never give up the thing once you start. 决不要放弃你已经开始了的事情。give back 归还He gave the money back to me. 他把我的钱还给了我。【典型例题】- Smoking is bad for your health.-Yes. I know. But I simply cant _.A. give it up B. give it out C. give it in D. give it off【答案】A。考察近义词组的辨析。【点拨】give it up 放弃做某事。考点十六 under attack【基础过关】under attack 遭受袭击，被袭击our city is under attack. 我们的城市正遭受袭击【拓展延伸】under repair正在维修之中。The bridge is under repair. 这座桥正在维修之中under discussion正在讨论之中Your suggestion is under discussion.你的建议正在讨论之中under construction正在建设之中The building is under construction.这座大楼正在建设之中。under consideration正在考虑之中。Your problem is in consideration你的问题正在考虑之中【典型例题】The old house is under_.A. repair B. discussion C. condition D. situation【答案】A。考察介词短语的含义。【点拨】语境是解题的关键考点十七 in case【基础过关】in case 以防，以免。可以用作连词连接句子，或用作副词，放在句末Take an umbrella in case. 带把伞，以防万一。Take an umbrella in case it rain. 带把伞，以免下雨。【拓展延伸】in case of =for fear of后加名词或代词，意为“要是.”in case of 万一。他的后面要跟 名词或名词性结构。In case of fire ,press the button. 万一起火，按这个安纽。in case= for fear that= lest后跟句子，意为“假使，以防万一”in this case 如果这样的话in that case 如果那样的话in any case 无论如何in no case 决不，任何情况下都不【典型例题】 完成句子：_（不管怎样）I shall return in a day or two_（无论如何都不会）will I turn against my motherland_（如果那样的话）I have no more to say_（若发生）fire, ring the bell.【答案】 In any case In no case In that case In case ofI made some preparations _.A. in case B. in case of C. because D. as a result【答案】A。考察短语的辨析【点拨】in case of 的后面要有宾语考点十八 believe in【基础过关】believe in 信仰；信任I believe you.我相信你的话。I believe in you.我信任你。【拓展延伸】believe sb=believe what sb say 相信某人的话believe in sb =have trust in sb=trust sb. 信任某人I believe in him.=I think he is a man worth being trusted.=I trust him. 我信任他。【典型例题】People in the west world _ God.A. believe B. believe in C. think D. suppose.【答案】B. 考察词义。【点拨】信仰上帝。考点十九 in trouble【基础过关】in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦。Our company is in trouble. 我们的公司有麻烦了【拓展延伸】in need 有需要； 处于困境中We should help people in need. 我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。in danger 处于危险之中。The little boy is in danger. 这个小男孩有危险【典型例题】A friend_is a friend indeed.A in danger B. in need C. in trouble D. in answer【答案】B.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。【点拨】短语在谚语中的应用考点二十 come across【基础过关】come across 偶然遇到，发现；被理解，被传达。被执行I came across some old photos when I looked for my key.找我的钥匙的时候我偶然发现了一些老照片The order should be come across at once.这个命令应该马上执行【典型例题】Helen _some trouble while writing the book.A. came across B. came C. came down D. come about【答案】A。考察短语的词义。【点拨】come down 下来 come about 发生考点二十一: call for【基础过关】call for 是个短语动词,意思为:要求、需要、提倡、邀约、为争取-而叫喊call for economy提倡节俭call for help 呼救Success calls for hard work. 成功需要艰苦的劳作。I will call for you at 6. 我六点钟来叫你。【拓展延伸】call up打电话，使. .回忆起(1) Ill call you up tonight.今天晚上我给你打电话(2) The old photo called up memories of my childhood.老照片引起了我对童年的回忆call back 召唤某人回来，再访，回电话 call for需要，要求；call on sb拜访（某人） call at sp拜访（某地）call/ring sb up=give sb a call/ring 给某人打电话call on /drop in on /pay a visit to /go on a visit to/ visit +sb 拜访某人call at /drop in at /pay a visit to /go on a visit to /visit +sp 拜访某地辨析： call up 与look back on/uponcall up 表示“使.回忆起”主语为物look back on/upon“回忆，记起”主语为人【典型例题】 完成句子：1 If the war breaks out , they will _at once.2 The situation _prompt action.3 Cars with serious faults _by the manufacturers.4 The match _because of bad weather.5 We are _you to help.6 Lets call _John _his office.【答案】 1. be called up 2. calls for3. have been called in 4. was called off5. calling on /upon 6. on ;at考点二十二： get used to【基础过关】get used to 习惯于，She is used to hard work.她习惯于艰苦工作。get used to表示“渐渐习惯.”与“be used to”不同，get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态 比如：The food here is not so tasty but you will get used to that这里的伙食不怎么样，但你会慢慢习惯的The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that这里的伙食不怎么样，但是他“已经”习惯了be used to是“习惯.”的意思 ，后接名词比如：He is used to getting up early他习惯了早起Mary is used to her husbands bad temper Mary习惯了她丈夫的坏脾气used to是“过去曾经.”的意思 ，后接动词比如：He used to be a teacher。他曾经是一名教师I used to go swimming once a week。我曾经每周都去游泳be used to do表示.被用来做某事Pig Stem Cells to Be Used to Grow Human Organs?【拓展延伸】 be accustomed to (doing) sth be used to (doing) sth我习惯了这么早起床进行晨练Im accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.accustom vt. 使习惯于 accustom oneself/sb to sthI have accustomed myself to working long hours.我已习惯于长时间工作They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather.他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气其中to为介词,类似的常用短语动词还有:look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意be used to 习惯于 be accustomed to 习惯于lead to 导致 stick to 坚持object to 反对【典型例题】Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ late for his lecture.A. to have students B. for students beingC. for students to be D. to students being【答案】D 考查动词词组辨析【点拨】 be used to（sb. s）doing sth.习惯于（某人）做某事同步练习1IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher. .Itwasherfault.ANowayBNotpossibleCNochanceDNotatall2 We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all .A. given away B. kept awayC. taken up D. used up3 But for their help，we the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished4You may use room as you like you clean it up afterwardsA. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if5. All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way.A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present6.It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.A.look upon B.look after C.look into D.look out7.The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forced B.forcing C.to be forced D.having forced8.- I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ .-So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up9. The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to_ all nations to take immediate action. 21世纪教育网A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on 21世纪教育网10.oud sound a lot more polite if you make a request a question.A.in sea