江西省景德镇市第一中学2020学年高一英语上学期期中试题（素质班含解析）

2020学年第一学期高一期中考试测试卷英语试题第一卷（选择题）第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）参加全市听力考试第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOne day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem，while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter. I read the examination problem：“Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” The student had answered：“Take the barometer to the top of the building，attach a long rope to it，lower it to the street，and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building. ”The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and clashed off one, which read： “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula (公式）to calculate the height of the building. ”At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldnt help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others ，and then added “Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him， Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, I will give it to you.，”Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.1. The student got a zero at the beginning because_.A. the teacher wasnt satisfied with himB. his answer wasnt complete or correctC. his answer didnt show his knowledge of physicsD. the teacher clicln5t fully understand his answer2. We know from the passage that_.A. the teacher was a very stubborn personB. the administrator told Bohr the heightC. the author preferred Bohr s last answerD. the student knew the expected answer3. We can learn from the passage that_.A. instructors can teach students how to thinkB. students should be given more freedom in thinkingC. arbiters can help students to get high scoresD. teachers should make students use physical formulas【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了著名物理学家波尔求学时发生的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics.”可知，这个学生确实完全回答了这个问题，但这个答案并不能证实他的物理能力。故C选项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。由第四段“Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did,”可知，作者问那个学生，他是否真的不知道这个问题的常规答案。他承认他知道这个常规答案。故D选项正确。【3题详解】推理判断题。由第五段“ he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.”可知，他厌倦了高中和大学教师教他如何思考。所以判断出学生应该被给与更多的自由来思考。故B选项正确。【点睛】推理判断题是要判断出细节所要表达的言外之意。我们可以通过对关键词，关键句子，文章的结构，作者的观点，具体的实例，作者所说和所做的事情，以及事物具体性和普遍性的角度等来进行正向或者逆向的推理。根据第五段“ he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.”中的关键短语be fed up with“厌倦”。可知，波尔不喜欢高中和大学的老师教他如何思考，他喜欢的是自由思考。所以通过这样一个具体的实例我们能推断出，不仅是波尔，其他的学生也应该被给与更多的自由来思考。故B选项正确。BIt is often necessary to release a fish, that is , set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just dont want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive to bite again another day.When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.Dont use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Dont wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water . Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away.With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.4. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they _A. dont want it to die B. hope it will grow quicklyC. dont want to have it as food D. want to practice their fishing skills5. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill?A. Taking the hook off it. B. Removing its scales.C. Touching its eves D. Holding it in your hand.6. A proper way to release a fish is to _.A. move it in water till it can swim B. take the hook out of its stomachC. keep it in a bucket for some time D. let it struggle a little in your hand7. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to enjoy fishing. B. To persuade people to fish less often.C. To encourage people to set fish free. D. To give advice on how to release fish.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D【解析】本文主要讲述如何提高钓到的小鱼放养成活率。【4题详解】细节理解题。从文章第一段的语句It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just dont want to take it home to eat.可知钓到的鱼太小，不想带回家煮着吃。【5题详解】细节理解题。从文中第二条建议Dont wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.可知刮掉鱼鳞会让鱼生病，减少成活的机会。【6题详解】细节判断题。从第四条建议Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.可知答案，其余三种情况都是错误的做法。【7题详解】推测作者的写作意图题。从文章第一段最后一句The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.（中心句）及文章最后一段的总结句With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.可知写这篇文章的目的是就如何放养钓到的小鱼，使他们的成活率更高提出了一些建议。CT-shirts out; uniforms inSchool uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A. Thats no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothes.Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol of law and order. The uniform means to the wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets. People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education.Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their childrens “creativity.” First, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express the individuality . They just copy their classmates. Second, students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While theyre in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and math; this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.8. From the passage we learn that uniforms in general .A. prevent the wearers from being laughed atB. help the wearers keep their duties in mindC. are seen as a symbol of powerD. help to create social barriers9. Some people are against school uniforms because .A. they fail to realize that students have accepted the uniformsB. they believe that uniforms will make students less creativeC. they dont agree that uniforms can remove social barriersD. they think that school uniforms are too popular10. The author would probably agree that.A. it makes no difference whether to wear school uniforms or notB. students individuality may not come from school educationC. students creativity is related to the clothes they chooseD. school uniforms help to create equality among students11. School uniforms are becoming more and more popular and important because _A. they can stop the powerful social sorting and labeling.B. if all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing.C. uniforms can remind the wearers of their purposes and dutiesD. school uniforms will affect their childrens creativity.【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B【解析】【8题详解】根据第三段As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties.描述,可知选B.【9题详解】根据最后一段Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their childrens “creativity.”及下文描述,可知反对者认为制服影响孩子的创造性.故选B【10题详解】根据最后一段Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.描述,可知选D【11题详解】根据第一段If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing,描述,可知选BDHave you ever received a gift that was so clearly not your taste that you wondered if perhaps it had been handed to you by mistake? Worse, have you ever given a present and watched your friend look as though she had opened the wrong box? Maybe she responded with a polite Why, thank you, but you knew you had missed the mark. Why do presents sometimes go wrong? And what do your choices (good and bad） reflect about your personal qualities?Choosing the right gift is an art, I believe. It calls for empathy the ability to put yourself into someone elses head and heart .Were all able to do this; in fact, were born with a kind of natural empathy. After the earliest period of childhood, however, it needs to be reinforced (加强）by our parents, teachers, friends. When it isnt, were not able to understand other peoples feelings as sharply. This can show in the gifts we select, and so can many other emotional (情感的） qualities.Think back to the presents youve given over the past year, the time and effort you put into your selection, how much you spent, your thoughts while you were shopping, and your feelings when the receiver opened the package. Keep in mind that what you choose displays your inner world. Of course, you may express yourself differently with different friends, relatives, and other people you know.We live in a society where exchanging presents is an important part of communication. Ignoring the tradition wont make it go away. If you really dislike such a tradition, tell your friends ahead of time.12. The underlined expression you had missed the mark means you had failed to _.A. get the expected effect B. keep your friendshipC. receive a present in return D. make her feel better13. Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. Natural empathy needs to be reinforced.B. Choosing gifts requires one to understand the receivers.C. Selecting the right gift is an ability people are born with.D. Emotional changes influence ones choice of gifts.14. In the third paragraph, the author tells us that_.A. attention should be paid to the receivers responsesB. one learns from what he did in the pastC. the choice of gifts reflects ones emotional qualitiesD. one should spend more time choosing gifts15. The best possible title for this passage is “_”.A. Ways of Choosing Gifts B. An Important TraditionC. Exchanging Presents D. Message in a Gift【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了不管是接受、送出，还是挑选礼物，礼物本身都包含了一定的信息，这个信息从送出者传递到接受者。只有了解礼物接受者的喜好，才能挑选出合适的礼物。【12题详解】词义猜测题。由第一段“ Maybe she responded with a polite Why, thank you, 可知，送错了礼物，她不高兴。you had missed the mark”着重点是分析“mark”表示的含义。送别人礼物是希望别人高兴，因此mark最可能的意思是别人高兴的表情。这个高兴的表情就是送礼者所期望的效果，送错了礼物，就没有这个期望的效果了。故A选项正确。【13题详解】段落大意归纳题。由第二段“Choosing the right gift is an art, I believe. It calls for empathy the ability to put yourself into someone elses head and heart .给别人挑选礼物是一门艺术，它叫做感情移入。”以及When it isnt, were not able to understand other peoples feelings as sharply当这种能力不能得到加强时，我们就不能了解别人的感受。所以判断出段落的大意为“挑选礼物时需要去了解接受者。”故B选项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Keep in mind that what you choose displays your inner world ”可知，紧记你挑选的礼物反映你的内心世界。作者的意思是，挑选礼物能反映你情感水准的高低。故C选项正确。【15题详解】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，不管是接受、送出，还是挑选礼物，礼物本身都包含了一定的信息，这个信息从送出者传递到接受者。只有了解礼物接受者的喜好，才能挑选出合适的礼物。因此，主旨是礼物包含的信息。故D选项正确。第二小节（共5题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Hollywood movies are regularly filled with sex and violence. They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment.Have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies. Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known Bombay. _16_ Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. This year the Indian Filmgare Awards, Bollywoods Oscars, turn 50 years old.The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients: a cup of romance, a tea-spoon of comedy, a dash of international sight-seeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie. _17_Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries. _18_ The actors change clothes and locations within a single song. But the audience dont mind. To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven and the stars are their gods. The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all._19_ Behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values. In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they cant just run away. They must win over their parents.Bollywood is a decent refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films. _20_They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colorful world, where its still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.ABollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.BThere is never any mention of politics, poverty or war.CMost Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film.DBollywood films are mostly comic romances with light-hearted incidental music.E. Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values.FThe result is a fun-filled musical.GSo if youre tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films.【答案】16. C 17. F18. B 19. E20. G【解析】试题分析:文章讲述了印度的电影业，Bollywood是印度电影产业的基地，并讲述了印度电影的风格，浪漫，幽默，轻松。所以在好莱坞电影里面充斥的暴力，色情印度电影里是没有的。所以印度电影在世界舞台上也逐渐赢得了它的名声。【16题详解】C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. 然而Bollywood才是世界上最大的电影产业基地，C选项Most Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film. 也许中国的学生从来没有看过印度电影，符合，故选C。【17题详解】F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据 served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie.浪漫，幽默，伴有着轻音乐和优美的舞姿，里面有一个英雄和美丽的女主角，F选项The result is a fun-filled musical. 这完全是一个充满乐趣的音乐片，符合，故选F。【18题详解】B考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.Bollywood电影充满了完美的东西免于日常的烦恼。以及 The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all.在段末提到电影会带他们到一个神奇的世界，让他们远离烦恼，真爱可以征服一切 ，B选项There is never any mention of politics, poverty or war.所以在电影里不会涉及到政治，贫穷和战争，符合，故选B。【19题详解】E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据Behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values.在美丽的画面后面，Bollywood电影强调传统的家庭观念，E选项Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values. Bollywood电影更多的关注传统的价值观，符合，故选E。【20题详解】G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colorful world, where its still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.它会带你进入一个活泼的多彩的世界，唱着爱情歌曲围着树去跳舞也是很酷的，G选项So if youre tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films.因此如果你厌倦于好莱坞的动作片时，就找一部Bollywood的电影看看吧，符合，故选G。考点：考查信息匹配第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节 完形填空(共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分)阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced _21_ for a few days, I was _22_ to wait tables on my own. All went _23_ that first week. When Saturday night came, I was