高三英语虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况人教版知识精讲

高三英语高三英语虚拟语气（虚拟语气（SubjunctiveSubjunctive MoodMood）：表示与事实不符的情）：表示与事实不符的情 况况人教版人教版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况 二. 重点、难点 虚拟语气是通过一些谓语动词的特殊形式表达的，虚拟语气在条件状语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、定语从句中均有应用。本讲中打破 了以往语法书的讲解规则，将虚拟语气的主要应用分为七类，便于记忆和运用。 三. 具体内容 1. wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构。 时间从句虚拟语气结构 表示现在 不能实现 一般过去式（be 动词用 were） 表示过去 不能实现 had done 或 could/would have done 表示将来 不能实现 would/could do 例句： I wish all of you could enter a good university . 我希望你们每一个人都能考上好大学。 I wish I were as young as you . 我真希望自己和你们一样年轻。 2. If 或 supposing 引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气结构 时间从句虚拟语气结构 表示对现在的虚拟一般过去式（be 动词用 were） 表示对过去的虚拟 Had done 表示对将来的虚拟Should do 或 were to do 主句虚拟语气结构 Would/could /should/might do Would/could/should/might have done Would/could/should/might do 注： （1）从句和主句可以根据时间选择不同的虚拟语气结构 （2）从句中的虚拟语气结构可以使用倒装，去掉 if，用 were , had , should 代替 if。 （3）其他由 as if , as though , even if , even though , if only 引导 的状语从句或表语从句中，都使用由 if 引导的从句虚拟语气结构。 例句： If you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldnt have failed . 如果你好好复习，你就不会不及格了。 Supposing you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldnt regret now . 如果你好好复习了，现在就不会后悔。 Were I you , I wouldnt waste the time . 如果我是你，我就不浪费时间。 He looks as if he had known the secret. 他看上去好像知道了那个秘密。 Even if our teacher were here, she couldnt solve the problem. 即便老师在，也解决不了这个问题。 If only I hadnt wasted the time in high school. 要是上高中时没有荒废时间就好了。 3. 一些特殊的动词 suggest , command , demand , desire , insist , order , propose , request , require , arrange 后的宾语从句中谓语动词用 should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 注：其中 suggest, insist 等词，如果表示的是暗示或强调而非建议或命令时， 应使用真实语气。 例句： I suggested that you read a passage every day. 我建议大家每天读一篇文章。 The doctor ordered that she should stay at home for at least one week . 医生要求他至少在家休息一周时间。 She insisted that I was wrong . 她非说是我错了。 4. 还有一些表示建议或意见的名词 suggestion , command , proposal , plan order, request , idea , advice 等词后，使用同位语从句或表语从句，从句谓 语动词用 should do 的形式，should 可省略。 注：定语从句中不使用虚拟语气结构。 例句： My idea is that we should finish the homework first. 我的想法是咱们应该先写完作业。 We agreed on the suggestion that he gave at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上提出的建议。 5. 一些特殊的形容词 suggested , desired , decided , ordered , requested , proposed 等，出现在主句中，所带的主语从句中谓语动词用 should do , should 可以省略掉。同样的用法还有一些形容词，如 necessary , important , natural , strange 等。 例句： It will be desired that she should finish her work this afternoon . 希望她今天下午能完成工作。 It is important that we should hold the 2020 Olympics well . 我们把 2020 年奥运会举办圆满是很重要的。 6. 还有一些特殊句型可以使用虚拟语气结构。 （1）Its（high）time / for sb. to do that / 一般过去式 should do（should 不可省） 到了该的时间了。 （2）would rather / do that / 一般过去式 should do （should 不可省略） 最好；更愿意 例句： Its time that I should pick up my little daughter. 我该去接我小女儿了。 I would rather you went with us. 我更愿意你和我们一起走。 7. 一些特殊短语，相当于虚拟语气的条件句。 例如： Without electricity, what would the world be like? 相当于 If there were no electricity , 如果没有电，世界会是什么样子？ But for your help , I couldnt have pass the examination . 相当于 If there hadnt been your help , 如果不是你的帮助，我考试不 会及格的。 【典型例题】 例 1 If he _ , he _ that food . Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately . A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken 答案：B 解析：通过答句中的 he was sent to the hospital immediately 我们可以看 出是对过去事实的虚拟，故选。 例 2 I wish I _ you yesterday . A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 答案：C 解析：通过句中的 yesterday 可以看出宾语从句中是对过去的虚拟。 例 3 But for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday . A. could have climbed B. could climb C. climbed D. had climbed 答案：A 解析：通过句中的 yesterday 我们再一次得出是对过去的虚拟，但这道题还要 注意 but for the snow , 相当于 if there hadnt been snow，后面是主句对过 去的虚拟，应选用主句中的虚拟语气结构。 例 4 He suggested that the meeting _ put off . A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not 答案：A 解析：suggest 在句中表示建议，宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气 should do 的结 构中 should 可以省略，但是要注意 put off 要使用被动语态。 例 5 Its high time he _ home . A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 答案：B 解析：its high time 的句子结构带定语从句是应使用一般过去式或 should do 的形式。 【模拟试题】（答题时间：45 分钟） 1. Could I leave the book here ? I would rather you _ the book with you . A. take B. took C. would take D. will take 2. Galileo insisted that the earth _ round the sun . A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B 3. _ you known the truth, you should have told him . A. Have B. Had C. Having D. If 4. If only I _ to my teacher ! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 5. If you had gone to a doctor , you _ all right now . A. are B. were C. would have been D. would be 6. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. dont do C. didnt do D. will not do 7.After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place. A. be B. am C. was D. were 8.The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. A. sent B. sends C. send D. must send 9.Its high time you _. A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work 10. “If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I _ able to play so well now.” A. wouldnt be B. wont be C. wouldnt have been D. couldnt have been 11. It is imperative that you _ there in person. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 12. The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system. A. as it were B. as if they were C. as it were D. as if are 13. We required that the machine parts _ cast iron. A. is made of B. be made from C. be made of D. is made by 14. The management urged that the cost of production _. A. to be further reduced B. was further reduced C. be further reduced D. should further reduced 15. The business is risky. But _ we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed 16. I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet. A. isnt going B. werent going C. will not going D. could have gone 17. I wish I _ to the movies with you last night. A. went B. did go C. could go D. could have gone 18. Id rather _ rudely to her. A. that you wont speak B. your not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak 19. If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. A. should livewould spend B. will live .should spend C. are living should have spent D. will be livingwould have spent 20. It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary. A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil 21. His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program. A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning 22. We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution. A. is fully discussed B. must be fully discussed C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed 23. What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? A. be made B. will be made C. would be made D. will have to be made 24. The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition. A. be not told B. not be told C. will not be told D. must not be told 25. _,we could not have finished the work on time. A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their help C. Should they offer to help us D. But for their help 26. If we had been more careful, we _ much better results now. A. got B. had got C. would