高中英语 名词性从句语法+练习+答 新人教版必修1

名词性从句【知识要点】在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，which, whose，whatever，whichever，whoever, whomever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。2.用it 作形式主语的结构1)It is 名词从句It is a fact that .事实是 It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common knowledge that.是常识2)it is 形容词从句It is natural that.很自然 It is strange that.奇怪的是3)it is 不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎 It happened that.碰巧4)it 过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道 It has been proved that.已证实3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)It is said ，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)据说江主席下周要来我校视察。That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3) It happens.，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)他考试没及格。That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesnt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)他是不是错了，这一点不重要。Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 傍晚有可能下雨吗？4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。一、 宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词which,what，who，whom, whose，whatever，whichever，whoever, whomever,等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。2)由what，whether (if)引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语，如：I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯错了。【特别提示】 that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。4.it 可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她打算下个月结婚。【特别提示1】1宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。2宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。【特别提示2】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。二、 表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。常由连接词that，whether；because, as if/though连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。另外，常用的还有The reason is that. 和It is because 等结构。如：【特别提示】(1) as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。(2) 当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.问题是我们能否在那么短的时间内作好充分的准备。This is why we cant get the support of the people. 这就是我们为什么得不到人民支持的原因。三、 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。同位语从句的引导词有: that, whether, who, what ,which ,when , where ,how, why 等。连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。The student asked me the question whether the book Was worth readingI have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。1. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）考点诠释名词性从句需要注意的事项1that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2that与what的区别;that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分，也无含义)What he said proved to be true他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“的话”)3.用whether 不用if 的情况：1）在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether 不能用if;2）当主语从句放在句首时，只能用whether不能用if;3）discuss后接表示“是否”的宾语从句是，必须用whether，不能if4）介词后的宾语从句只能用whether不能用if；Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem. (主从句位于句首)It is doubtful whether/if he will come here. (主从句位于句尾)The problem is whether the meeting will be given. (表语从句)I have no idea whether the meeting will be given. (同位语从句)It depends on whether you can do the work well. (介词后)【典型例题】1 (典型例题)Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. who D. that2 (典型例题 ) A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. whe3.(典型例题) _ made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What, because B. What, that C. That, what D. That, because4.(典型例题)His ability has never been in doubtthe question is he is prepared to work hard.A. whether B. if C. that D. where5.(典型例题) He cant answer the question he got the money.A. what B. that C. how D. where 答案：1-5 A C B A C同步训练：1 The teacher demanded that our examination paper handed in at once.A. be B. must be C. would be D. had to be2 We all agree with him on _ he said.A. what B. that C. why D. how3 We must do well _ the party assigns us to do.A. that B. what C. which D. those4 I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever5 Im sorry _ your mother is iii.A. whom B. if C. that D. how6 We think it important _ we should keep the balance of nature.A. whether B. what C. that D. which7 I hope _ happy while you are here.A. you to be B. for your being C. you will be D. you being8 We all know the news he told her.A. to which B. / C. what D. at that9 Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. that C. whether D. when10 Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. what B. because C. that D. where11 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water ,it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken12 The reason I plan to go is _ if I dont.A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointedC. because she will be disappointed D. on account of she will have a disappointed13 the old mans sons wanted to know was _ the gold had been hidden.A. That; what B. What; where C. What; that D. What; if14 _ knows the truth will tell you about it.A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who15 It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for16 is known to all that WTO stands for World Trade Organization.A. Which B. What C. As D. It17 The fact she works hard is well known to us.A. that B. what C. why D. which18 The mountain is no longer _ it used to be.A. which B. that C. as D. what19 We know little about the young lady except _ you told me.A. what B. that C. how D. /20 _ proves that my advice is right.A. It will happen that B. That has happened C. What has happened D. When it happened1-5AABBC 6-10 BC BBA 11- 15C B BBB 16- 20DA DA， C高考链接2020年高考题1（2020北京卷）22. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. What C. ThatD. Whom2（2020北京卷）31. The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. why3 (2020上海卷) 35. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that4 (2020上海卷) 38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ othersactually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what5 （2020山东卷） 26. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. why6 （2020山东卷）33.Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which7 （2020江西卷）26. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.A. thisB. thatC. what D. which 答案：1-7BADDDCC2020年高考题1.(2020高考英语上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know_.A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering2.(2020高考英语上海秋季卷,36)One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why3.(2020高考英语重庆卷,25)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _had used the products.A. whatever B. who C. whichever D. which4.(2020高考英语浙江卷,9)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether5.(2020高考英语浙江卷,1)How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, _ you want.Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever6.(2020高考英语天津卷,14)As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which7.(2020高考英语四川卷,14)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relativesAwhat Bwho Chow Dwhy8.(2020高考英语上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence _ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.Awhich Bthat Chow Dwhere9.(2020高考英语上海春季卷,33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _ the company was an established one.Awhether Bwhat Cuntil Dalthough10.(2020高考英语陕西卷,18)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A. which B. what C. that D. if11.(2020高考英语山东卷,25)Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which12.(2020高考英语辽宁卷,34)Its no use havin