高中英语Unit 2 Sporting events 1牛津版必修四

Unit 2 Sporting events (1)I 词语辨析1、take part in / join / attend / join intake part in：参加、加入（成为其中的一员），后接活动名词e.g. Did you take part in the sports meeting last week?I take part in all kinds of activities in my spare time.join：加入（某种组织、团体）e.g. My mother intended me to join the army.He joined the Party when he was in his twenties.attend：参加、出席（集会等人集中的场合）e.g. We attend school every day except on Sat. and Sunday.She attended our wedding party and stayed to do some cleaning.join in：参加（活动）e.g. We all joined in the running with them.They joined in our singing but didnt have dinner with us.注：join sb. in (doing) sth.：加入某人的行列做某事、和某人一起做某事2、remove / moveremove：着重于离开或脱离原来的位置、处所、职位等，作一种新的、暂时的安排或改变，是有意的。e.g. My name was removed from the list and I dont know why.Will you remove your shoes before you come into the room?A gentleman should remove his hat to a lady.He was removed from his company last month.The result of the exam removed a heavy stone off my heart.move：指改变位置或姿势，还可用于抽象的“感动”，用途很广泛。e.g. Please move your chair closer to the desk.We were all moved to tears by his heroic deeds.The girl moved her eyes from side to side, meaning “NO”.3、separate / divideseparate：将混在一起的人或物按类分开，分开后不再相互接触，还可表示自然障碍的阻隔，常用：separatefrom句式。e.g. After school, the children separated in all directions.No child should be separated from his mother by force.Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan Island from mainland of China.divide：把一个整体分割开成若干份，常用：divide into句式。e.g. The whole text can be divided into three parts.They divided the cake into five parts and each of them had a share.divide sth into halves = divide sth. in half / twoII 重点词语和句型1、honor：(un.) 名誉、面子、荣耀achieve / gain / win honor：获得荣誉； deserve an honor：应得某荣誉save ones honor：保全自己的面子e.g. We will fight for the honor of our country.My grandfather won honor in the Anti-Japanese War(cn.)：（争）光荣的人或物(to：对于)e.g. My son is an honor to my family.Our monitor is an honor to our class.It is an honor (for sb.) to do sth.：（某人）做某事感到光荣、荣耀e.g. Its an honor for me to be invited to speak to you.It is a great honor to receive the reward / prize.do sb. the honor of doing sth / to do sth.：请屈驾e.g. Would you please do me the honor of dancing with me?Will you do me the honor to come for dinner this evening?have the honor (of / to do )：有幸、荣幸地e.g. Today we have the honor of representing our school to take part in the event.May I have the honor of your company at dinner?in honor of：为纪念、为表敬意e.g. We will set up a monument in honor of the general.vt. 给某人予荣誉e.g. Would you honor us by visiting us / with a visit?The headmaster honored us by coming to our party.honorable：可敬的、值得尊敬的，高尚的、光荣的e.g. an honorable deed：高尚的行为； an honorable man：一个高尚的人die an honorable death：光荣献身； come from an honorable family：出身名门2、delight：n. (u.)欣喜、喜悦，(c.)嗜好、赏心乐事e.g. I read your letter with delight.To our delight, she passed the test at last.Reading novels is a delight of me.Her dancing is a delight to watch.take delight in：乐于、嗜好e.g. I take great delight in playing poker on the Internet.Most boys take delight in playing football.to ones delight：使某人高兴的是e.g. To my delight, everyone came to my help.delighted：欣喜的、高兴的，be delighted at / with / by .e.g. Im very much delighted with the result of the exam.be delighted to do e.g. The President was delighted to accept the invitation that he would visit China the next year.be delighted thate.g. The mother was delighted that her children all returned safely.delight：vt.使某人高兴e.g. The sweet music delighted everyone present.He often delights his children with magic.3、compete：vi. 竞争、比赛compete for sth.：为争夺而比赛；compete with / against：与一争高低compete in sth.：参加比赛e.g. Twenty athletes competed for three gold medals.She is going to compete against / with her old rivals in the 200-meter dash.All these countries competed in the trade in petition：n.：(u.) 竞赛、角逐, (c.) 比赛、赛会 = contestenter a competition：参加比赛； hold a competition：举办比赛；be in competition with sb.：与某人竞赛、角逐e.g. They were in competition with each other for the rich prize.Competition among the youths to enter the best colleges is petitive：竞争的、竞争性的e.g. Students life is full of competitive examinations.She has a competitive petitor：竞赛者、竞争对手e.g. All the competitors were getting ready for the final race.4、separate：vt. 分离、分开、隔离，separate A from Be.g. We separate the good ones from the bad ones.The English Channel separates England from mainland of Europe.vi. 分手、分居e.g. We didnt separate until middle night.I hear that Mr. And Mrs. Smith have separated.get separated：走散了e.g. He got separated from his friends in the crowd.5、light：n. 灯、光e.g. Three lights hang from the ceiling.There is no light in his room, so he must have gone to bed.adj. 明亮的、轻的（与heavy对应），淡的、浅（颜色）的(与dark对应)e.g. My room is very lightHer new dress is light red, which suits her skin very much.A feather is rather light while a stone is heavyvt.：点火（lighted, lighted; lit, lit）e.g. He lighted a cigar and began to smoke.注：lighted与lit：作定语用时，用lighted, 表被动时，用lit, 作动词用时，可互用。e.g. The teacher came in with a lighted lamp in his hand.Our faces were lit (up) by the fire.The big fire lit / lighted up half the city6、absence：n. 不在、缺席、缺少 presencee.g. During my absence, he ate up all the fruit left in the fridge.After an absence of ten years, I came back where I was brought up.Absence of rain caused the plants to die.in a persons absence：某人不在（外出）时、背地里e.g. I hope all of you will keep good discipline in my absence.Its not polite to speak ill of a person in his absence.in the absence of：（人）不在时、缺少e.g. Man will die in the absence of air.We all wondered how he survived in the absence of food and water for so long.absence of mind：心不在焉absent：adj. 不在场的、缺席的（与present 对应）；无、茫然的e.g. Is anybody absent today？ No, everyone is here.Ill be absent from home for a week. Will you keep an eye on my house?Rain is absent in the desert.There was an absent look on his face.absent-minded：adj. 心不在焉的； absent-mindedly：adv. 心不在焉地vt. absent oneself from：没参加/出席(含有故意缺席之意)e.g. She absented herself from the meeting.7、excite：vt. 使（人）兴奋、刺激，sb. / sth. excite sb.；引起e.g. The good news excited everyone present.The story excited me very much.The sad scene would excite the hardest man to pity.The new clue excited our interest in the matter.excited：兴奋的、高兴的, be / feel excited ate.g. We are excited at the good news.The excited expression on her face suggested that she had passed the exam.excitement：n. 兴奋、激动， in excitement = excitedly：兴奋地e.g. Hearing the result, she cried in excitement.exciting：令人兴奋的、令人激动的e.g. Its exciting news. / The result is really exciting.8、attempt：vt. 尝试、试图1) attempt sth.e.g. The prisoner attempted an escape but failed.He attempted the problem and gave up half way.2) attempt at doing sth. / to do sthHe made an attempt to learn to skate on real ice.Finally he failed in his attempt in winning the game / to win the game.The boy attempted to solve the problem by himself.n. make an attempt to do sth / at doing sth.：尝试着做某事e.g. She made no attempt to change her method of study.make an attempt on / upon / against：企图杀害、攻击e.g. make an attempt on the life of the chairmanattempted：未遂的、意图的e.g. an attempted murder / suicide：谋杀/自杀未遂9、retire：vi. / vt. 退休、使退休e.g. My father retired from work when he reached 55.The boss decided to retire all the worker above 55 years of age.Public opinion retired him from politics.retired：退职的、退休的e.g. She is a retired teacher.retirement：退职、退休go into retirement：退休retirement from school：从教学岗位上退休live in retirement：过退居生活10、host：n.（款待客人的）主人、东道主、（大会的）主持人，女主人、女主持人：hostessact as host at the meeting：担任会议的主持e.g. The host greeted us at the gate.The host and hostess served us food and drinks.China will be the host country of the Olympic Games in 2020.11、post：n. 邮政、邮件e.g. I sent her a card by post.Is there any post for me today?The morning post hasnt arrived.n. 柱子、桩、杠telephone posts：电话杆； a gatepost：门柱e.g. He put his cap on top of the post.He put up posts to make a fence.n. 职位、岗位e.g. My father holds an important post in the government.I want to get a post as a teacher in that key school.vt. 邮寄e.g. Would you please post the letter for me this afternoon?Mother posted me a parcel yesterday.III 语法点拨：Modal verbs(1) 情态动词1. 表示请求和允许: can, could , may, might. 过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。e.g. Could I use your computer tomorrow morning? Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)2表示推测：理论可能性can可能性肯定句must, may ,might, could疑问句can否定句cant (不可能)，may not (可能不)1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生.e.g. Children can be very tiring.2)反意问句。 e.g. He may know the plan, doesnt he?You must have studied English before, havent you?You can t have been caught in the rain last night, were you?3.could & be able to在肯定句中could表示过去有“能力”做，was / were able to表示过去有能力而且确实做成了某一件事， 相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing sth.e.g. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.4. may / might as well do sth “还是好”、“不妨”e.g. You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。5. must & have to1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to强调客观需要。2）否定形式含义不同。mustnt禁止，不许可，dont have to不必3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）e.g. Must you shout so loudly?6. shall & should1) 表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。When shall my father be able to leave hospital?shall 2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。You shall go with me (命令) / You shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺）He shall be punished （威胁）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心)1) 表示劝告和建议“应该”2) “按道理应当”“估计”(=ought to)They should be there by now, I think.3） 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。I should advise you not do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。should 4） 在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come.5） Why / How + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思， 意为“竟然”，也用在某些从句中。It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。7. will & would1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。e.g. If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice.2) 表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。e.g. Will (Would ) you please pass me the book?3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。e.g. Fish will die without water.Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.4) 表示功能， 意为“能” 或“行”e.g. The machine wont work.5) 表示预料或猜想。e.g. It would be about ten when he left home.8. would & used to1) 表示过去持续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。e.g. There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( )2) would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。e.g. We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.3) used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义.eg. He will not spend the money on books as he used to.9. dare & need两者作为情态动词一般不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。习惯用语I dare say（可能，或许，我揣测）除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare 后的to可省略，即：dont / doesnt dare (to ) do. 。need 作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的to不能省略。e.g. He dare go there alone. ( ) He dares to go there.He dares not go there alone. ( )He dare not go there alone . / He doesnt dare ( to ) go there alone.He stood there without daring lift his head.()He stood there without daring to lift his head.10情态动词+ have done, 表示 “过去”， 但：情态动词+ do , 表示现在或将来。e.g. You should do it now. / You should have done it.He must be ill today. / He must have been ill yesterday.cf. neednt have done & didnt need to doShe need not have come yesterday. 她昨天本不必要来的。（但却来了）She didnt need to come yesterday. 她昨天不必来。（实际上也没来）IV 巩固练习1、How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered part of the article?A. canB. mustC. needD. may2、A left luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a shout time, esp. at a railway station.A. shouldB. canC. mustD. will3、 The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course.A. WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do4、 I dont mind telling you what I know. You _ . Im not asking you for it.A. mustntB. may notC. cantD. neednt5、Children under 12 years of age in the country _ be under adult supervision whenin a public library.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need6、I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A. should B. mayC. willD. can7、You _ be tired youve been working for an hour.A. must notB. wontC. cantD. may not8、 Who is t