2016高考总复习特殊句式和主谓一致.ppt

专题十特殊句式和主谓一致,一、完全倒装完全倒装即把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。当副词here,there,in,out,up,down,away,back,then,ahead等位于句首、谓语动词为be,come,go,follow,run等，而且主语又是名词时，用完全倒装。注意：此类倒装不用进行时态；若主语是代词时，不用倒装。,倒装,二、部分倒装部分倒装，即只把助动词提到主语前，常考的有以下几种情况：1具有否定意义的副词、连词或短语nor,never,seldom，hardly,rarely,little,scarcely,bynomeans,onnocondition,nosooner,nowhere等放在句首。HardlyhadIarrivedinNewYorkwhenIcalledmymother.Nowhereelsecanyoufindsobeautifulaplaceintheworld.,【易错点津】hardlywhen，nosoonerthan，scarcelywhen意为“刚就”，hardly/scarcely/nosooner位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。,2用于以“only状语(从句)”开头的句子中。Onlywhenthewarwasovercouldhereturnhishometown.3在sothat，suchthat的句子结构中，若so,such与其所修饰的词置于句首，用部分倒装。,4as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)。,根据括号中的汉语提示，用倒装的适当形式完成下面的句子1OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice_(她意识到)thatshehadleftthecontractathome.(2015天津)2Onlyaftertalkingtotwostudents_(我发现)thathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.(2015湖南),3Notonly_(护士们要求)apayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.(want)(2014全国大纲)4Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart_(你才会保持)goodrelationshipswithothers.(keep)(2014湖南)5Nosooner_(莫言踏上)onthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.(step)(2014陕西),6_(尽管我们非常劳累)，wedidntstopworking.7Sowell_(中国表现)in2009thattheworldhasagreedthatitwastheyearofChina.8Johnopenedthedoor.There_(站着一个姑娘)hehadneverseenbefore.(stand),【答案】1.didsherealize2.didIdiscover3dothenurseswant4.willyoukeep5hadMoYanstepped6.Tiredaswewere7didChinaperform8.stoodagirl,一、强调句型1强调句型的基本构成是“Itis/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。2如果原句中含有“notuntil”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。,强调句型与祈使句,3强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。4do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。,【易错点津】判断一个句子是否是强调句型，最简单的方法是“还原法”，即去掉强调句句型的特有结构Itis/wasthat/who，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，就是强调句型，否则，为其他句型。,二、祈使句1“祈使句and陈述句(一般将来时)(If，主句)”。2名词词组and陈述句(名词词组中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)。3祈使句破折号陈述句。Trysomeofthisjuiceperhapsyoulllikeit.4祈使句or陈述句(Ifnot，主句),请用合适的词填空1Always_(keep)inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.(2015湖南)2Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome_Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.(2015湖南),3Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcentury_hismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.(2015重庆)4_(observe)carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.(2014北京)5._(Call)metomorrowandIllletyouknowthelabresult.(2014全国大纲),6._(make)whatyouredoingtodayisimportant,becauseyouretradingadayofyourlifeforit.(2014湖南)7WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool_Mr.Smithgotangry？(2014四川)8Givemeachance,_Illgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.(2014天津)【答案】1.keep2.that3.that4.Observe5.Call6Make7.that8.and,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中会出现如下结构：1连词(though，whether，when)形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young，oryoullregret.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。,状语从句中的省略现象,2连词(whether，asif，while)介词短语Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他四处张望，好像在找什么东西。3连词(when，while)现在分词While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet，Iheardmynamecalled.走在街上的时候，我听见有人叫我的名字。,4连词(when，if，evenif，unless，once，until，than，as)过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.那个展览比预料的更有趣。5连词(asif，asthough)不定式Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.他张了张嘴，好像要说话。,根据括号中的汉语提示，用适当的省略句完成下面的句子1Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice_(不要)(2013课标)2Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,_(如果不及时治疗),canbecomebiggeroneslateron.(2013浙江),3_(尽管被打败)bytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedbutpracticedharder.【答案】1.notto2.when/ifnottreatedintime3Althoughbeaten,1被every，each，manya，no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动词用单数形式，其中，后一个限定词可省略。2主语由“manya/morethanone单数名词”构成时，谓语动词用单数形式。,主谓一致,3“名词with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/but/except名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。4两个单数名词由and连接表示同一个人、同一个物时，谓语动词用单数形式。5“分数/百分数/therest/mostof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后名词的数保持一致。,6由or，nor，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybut(also)连接并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。7在倒装句中，谓语通常和其后边的第一个名词保持一致。8定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数保持一致：oneof复数名词关系代词动词复数形式；theonlyoneof复数名词关系代词动词单数形式。,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess_(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften_(take)yearsofachieve.(2015湖南)2Allweneed_(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(2014湖南),3Generally,studentsinnermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.(2013江苏)4Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents_(be)around$8,450ayear,whichisaburdenforsomeofthem.(2013湖南),5Allthescientificevidence_(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_(be)damagingourhealth.(2012湖南)6Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,_(interview)shortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.(2012陕西)7Onethirdofthecountry_(cover)withtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensareblackpeople.,8Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_(save)foro