高二英语单项填空题的四大应试技巧

单项填空四大应试技巧 一、抓住信息词汇，分析语境，明确考点。单项填空题一般都有一定的语境，因此一定要细心读完整题，结合信息词所给的提示，弄清题目的意图，找出解决问题的突破口。只有这样正确判断，才可选出最佳答案。例1 Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting .A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest (NMET2020 )本题检测在特定语境中对形容词同级比较结构的掌握和运用。为了能够准确、地道的表达传递信息，必须掌握合乎规范要求的语法结构与表达方式。本句意在表达“Mary 总是在称体重，意在看体重增加了多少。”因此是在原有体重和增加体重之间有对比关系。另外，much 修饰比较级，也是个信息词，所以选择heavier .答案为A。例2 -Really ? Who will give _ lecture ? And about what ?- Professor Chen , _ president of the Beijing University , on the environment protection .A. a ; the B. the ; a C. a ; / D. the ; /本句考查冠词用法。解题时由信息词Really ?可知事先对方已经告诉了有关讲座的事了。因此询问“谁将作讲座”时应是第二次提到，故用定冠词the ，而第二空表示头衔和职位的名词充当同位语时前面一般不用冠词，因此选D。二、排除种种思维定势的干扰。语法规则定势；固定短语搭配定势；母语思维定势等都会影响学生的选择。在高考中，各题的干扰项都是经过精心设计编制而成的，所以学生要注意平时学习中常出现的错误；尤其要注意不受本族语的影响，重视语言差异。因为不同的民族的文化背景、风俗习惯、思维方式和语言表达方式，形成英汉两种语言在表达上也有很大的差异，所以绝对不可用中文的思维模式来解决英语的有关问题，尤其是在情景对话中。如：例- Waiter !-_.- I cant eat this .Its too salty . (NMET 2002)本题考查对别人呼唤的应答方式，英语中应用Yes? 而不是What? 或Pardon ?例 Hi , havent seen you for ages !You look fine . _ . You look well , too .A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all有的学生受中国传统文化的影响，很可能选C项。但是对于别人的赞美或表扬，英美人不像中国人那样“客气”，而是常用thank you 之类的答谢语。因此答案为B。例 I agree with most of what you said , but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing本题考查不定代词的用法。很多学生因为受中文翻译的影响。可能错选B。因为anything 表示“任何事情”。但是anything 在否定句中与not 相连用时其实是全否定。意思是“我不同意你所说的任何事情。”因此与前句产生矛盾。原句意思应该是“并不是你说的任何一样事情我都同意。”这与I agree with most of what you said .相一致。所以应用C项。例Which do you enjoy _ your weekend , going skating or playing video games ?A. spending B. to spend C. spent D. to be spent由于容易受语法思维定势影响，enjoy 后面往往接动名词，所以有些学生就不加思索地选A。其实本句enjoy 的宾语是which ，而to spend your weekend 是作状语成分，因此应选不定式形式。C为正确答案。例Anyway , that evening , _ Ill tell you more about later , I ended up staying at Rachels place .A. when B. where C. what D. which本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。很多学生看到that evening 一词，受思维定势影响就会选择A项。其实分析一下that evening 在非限制性定语从句中的成分可知，that evening 是tell you more about 后的宾语。因此应用关系代词which .例The home improvements have taken what little there is _ my spare time .A. in B. from C. of D. at学生往往会受in ones spare time 固定搭配的影响，在没有弄清句子结构的情况下错选A。其实后面的句子可以还原为What little of my spare time there is !little 在本句中是不定代词，相当于little time ，常与of 搭配。因此选C。三、善于改变句式，尽量化繁为简，化难为易。解题时不妨将疑问句变成陈述句、将省略句补完整、将被动句式变成主动句式、将复合句变成简单句、强调句变成一般句式或将插入语成分剔除，抓住句子的主干成分。这样试题难度降低了，学生会迎刃而解。例Is this factory _ you visited last year ?A. to which B. the one C. that D. where如果将本句还原成陈述句的话，即This factory is _ you visited last year .不难看出本句中缺少的是定语从句前的被修饰词即先行词以及引导定语从句的关系词，因此，首先，排除A、C、D项。而B项中先行词后的关系词that 或which 是定语从句中的宾语，完全可以省略，故选 B。例Was it _ the product on CCTV that made the company the focus (焦点) of the country then ?A. advertised B. having advertised C. to advertise D. advertising本题考查动名词作主语和强调句型的掌握。解本题时先将疑问句变成陈述句，不难看出这是个强调句型，判断依据是因为它由It was - that - 三个词构成强调句型的框架，且将这三个词去掉后句子照样成立。然后将构成强调句型的三个词It was - that 去掉，原句变成一个一般的句子，即_ the product on CCTV made the company the focus of the country then . 再从句子的结构来看本句所缺的词与the product 构成句子的主语，所以可以排除A、B两项。最后确定用不定式还是动名词。不定式和动名词都可以作主语，而动词不定式主语是强调特定场合下发生的动作，所以C不符合题意。因此只有D项表示经常性的习惯动作或活动。四、注重固定搭配短语的积累，并善于将肢解的短语进行整合搭配。例11 He accidentally _ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadnt been home for a couple of weeks .A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out (2020湖南高考)本题考查动词短语辨析。let out 有“遗漏;泄露”之意。take care 照料；make sure确保；make out 弄清楚。根据句中的and that 可以断定两个并列的宾语从句需要的是一个谓语动词，意思是，他偶然泄露了，他和妻子吵架后，两周都没在家里住了。因此答案是。例12 In my opinion , it is the best use that could be _ of the our money .A. turned up B . turned out C. spent D. made该题考查固定短语make use of 。其被动语态为be made use of 。题中将use 作为先行词，而原有的动词与介词放于定语从句中。如果学生对此短语熟悉的话，会具有一定的敏感性。由此会选择。因为其余选项与use 不搭配。故选。【直击高考】1. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2020 .A. has been completed B. has completed (2020北京高考)C. will have been completed D. will have completed2. You can take anything from the shelf and read , but please _ the books when youve finished with them .A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off (2020全国高考)3. To keep healthy , Professor Johnson _ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired .A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for (2020上海高考)4. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _ , of course , made the others envy him .A. who B. that C. what D. which (2020天津高考)5. - How often do you eat out ?- _, but usually once a week . (2020天津高考)A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking6 The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played _ Industrial Revolution .A. / ; / B. the ; / C. the ; the D. a ; the (2020重庆高考)7._ the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks . (2020广东高考)A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed8. -How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays ?- I think wed better fly there . Its much more comfortable .A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest (2020福建高考)9. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients .A. since B. after C. before D. when (2020福建高考)10. The winter of 1990 was extremely bad . _ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives .A. At last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result (2020浙江高考)11. _ I accept that he is not perfect , I do actually like the person .A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless (2020江苏高考)12. Its ten years since the scientist _ on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical .A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up (2020江苏高考)13. -Excuse me , but I want to use your computer to type a report .- You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it .A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt (2020湖南高考)14.Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little children .A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance (2020湖北高考)15. John Smith , a successful businessman , has a _ car .A. large German white B. large white GermanC. white large German D. German large white (2020辽宁高考)Keys :1-5 CCADB 6-10 CCDCB 11-15 ABABB【各个击破】1. She thought I was talking about her daughter , _ in fact , I was taking about my daughter .A. whom B. where C. which D. while2. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help .A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom3. These stories were made _ his head .A. out of B. up of C. into D. up out of4. It was only then _ realize the importance of learning English .A. did we B. could we C. when we could D. that we did5.When you come here for your holiday next time , dont go to _ hotel ;I can find you _ bed in my flat .A. the; a B. the; / C. a ; the D. a ; /6. I listened to Dr. Johnsons lecture about biology , but I forgot to get its key _.A. words B. notes C. messages D. points7. It has come to my _ that some of you have been missing classes .A. watch B. sight C. view D. notice8. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _ $ 15 .A. another B. other C. more D. each9. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright .A. this B. that C. it D. one10. Boris has brains . In fact , I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest11. Her face gave her _ when she told a lie .A. off B. away C. up D. out12. I must be getting fat - I can _ do my trousers up .A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom13. Ill go to the supermarket with my father next week . Were going to buy some _ glasses .A. lovely old French B. old lovely French C. French old lovely D. old French lovely14. - What a pity ! Ive not got a ticket for the football match tonight .- Dont worry . Itll be broadcast _ .A. live B. lively C. alive D. living15. He got to the station early , _ missing his train .A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of16. Your suit wont be ready _ Friday . You can collect it next Tuesday .A. on B. by C. till D. for17. The train he was looking forward _ only a minute ago .A. to arrive B. to arriving C. to arrived D. had arrived18. He told me he was sure of succeeding this time , _ personally speaking , I dont think so .A. that B. which C. thus D. but19.I dont mind picking up your things from the store . _ , the walk will do me good .A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides20. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday .Oh, how nice ! Do you know when she _?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left21.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology .A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun22.The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours , and they would wait till the movie star arrived .A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait23.If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel , more birds and animals _ dying out .A. ought to avoid B. could have been avoidedC. should have avoided D. might have avoided24.If you _ walk along in the dark , you _ go with him.A. need ; neednt B. dare; neednt C. can ; cant D. must ; mustnt25.We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it _ very well .A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on26.Always acting in a strange way , Einstein must have _ to people around to be mad .A. shown B. imagined C. appeared D. thought27.A timely snow _ a good harvest next year .A. promises B. expects C. hopes D. turns out28._ a plan to deal with it is important .A. What we should work out B. We should work outC. That we should work out D. That what we should work out29.She loves the newly born baby so much that her only happiness lies in _ she can take care of her child by herself .A. what B. when C. that D. which30 . The favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace , _ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside .A. where B. when C. that D. which31.The general at last got a chance to visit the village , _ he used to fight , _ he had been dreaming of for years .A. that ; which B. where ; that C. in which ; what D. where; which32. _ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home .A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited33. The boy left his hometown at the age of 18, _.A. never to return B. never came back C. never coming back D. not having returned34._ is it _ has made Peter _ he is today ?A. What ; what ; that B. That; that ; what C. What; that ; what D. What; that ; that35.It will cost a lot of time ._ , I think we shall need it and it will certainly be useful .A. Whats more B. As a result C. At the same time D. After all36.- I didnt do well in the last English contest . How about you ?- _.A. Ill do better next time B. I like English , thoughC. A lot better D. Even worse37._ the weather was going to take a turn for the worse , we decided to stay at home .A. But for B. As for C. Seeing that D. Even if38.Up went prices; _.A. came down the living standard B. the living standard came downC. down came the living standard D. down the living standard came39.The moment we heard that the pop star was in our city stadium giving a performance , we hurried to the airport , only _.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told40. - Id like to take a weeks holiday .- _, were too busy .A. Dont worry B. Dont mention it C. Forget it D. Pardon meKeys : 1-5 DDDDA 6-10 DDACB 11-15 BBAAC 16-20 BCDDD21-25 BBDBA 26-30 CADCA 31-35 DCACC 36-40 DCCBC完形填空解题指导及专项练习江苏省启东中学 沈翠微高考完形填空题是考查学生综合运用英语基础知识和各种解题能力的题型，其选材范围广，知识覆盖面宽。该题型能全面而且客观地测试考生的语法运用能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑分析以及判断推理能力，是诸题型中对考生考查要求最高的一项。主要考查词语辨析、基本句型、固定搭配及习惯表达等。所以有必要了解近几年高考完形填空的命题规律来分析一下完形填空题的解题步骤及技巧以增强学生的解题能力。一、 近几年高考完形填空题的命题规律1阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。2020的全国卷完形填空为一篇300字左右单词的文章，阅读量大大增加，答题时间显然大大缩短。这在阅读难度与速度上都对考生提出了更高的要求。2长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。近几年高考完形材料在句子上突出了对行文逻辑及理解能力方面的考查，在选材上主要表现为长句、复合句增多，句子结构复杂（定语从句、插入语、套主从句的宾语从句等），句式丰富多样，极大地增加了阅读难度，限制了学生的理解程度。如（2020湖南卷）：I was 16 when one morning Dad told me I could drive him into a distant village called Mijas on condition that I took the car in to be serviced at a nearby garage.整个句子是以when引导的时间状语从句，其中从句里又套一个宾语从句，宾语从句里又套一个含有on condition that引导的条件从句的主从句。又如（2020江苏卷）：I began to realize that part of our daily life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar strangers: the milk man you see at dawn, the woman who regularly walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library.一个长句里挖了三个空，显然为解题带来了难度。3定位语篇，侧重上下文语境近几年完形填空的选项设置更侧重对语言运用能力，整篇理解能力的考查，故考生必须注重上下文的内在联系和逻辑关系，找出隐含信息，感受语境，采用直接和排除法等技巧才能找出符合题意的正确选项，切勿孤立地根据某个单词、词组或某一句来确定。4完形填空第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。如果考生能在解题中把握到高考完形填空的这一特点，就能够对文章有初步的了解，树立全局意识，并且对于梳理上下文及脉络，抓住文章的主旨也大有裨益。5设空以动、名词为主，兼顾形容词、副词、连词附带其它词类。这就要求学生在平常的复习过程中加强动词等一些主要词类的用法归纳、总结。二完形填空的解题步骤做完形填空时，切岂边看短文，边选答案，因为这样解题易脱离上下文孤立地看句子，从而产生错误，一般地来说，做完形填空时应遵循以下几个步骤：1 通读全文，理解大意。完形填空并非单句填空，一定要注意到这一点。必须建立在理解文章的基础上，将文中所缺的信息填出来。文章都有中心议题和中心内容，所以一定要从整体上把握全文，找出短文的主题、大意、作者的观点、文章展开的线索等信息，所以第一遍别着急填，先快速阅读一遍。因为只有通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路，抓住文章的主线，展开解题思路，可使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要注意上下文的提示句，并尽量注意上下文中的关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来。完形填空的第一句话是不设空的，它往往非常重要，它会告诉你这篇文章的主旨是什么，所以考生应特别注意这个句子。在解题的时候要学会分析句子结构，找到对选择有所提示的句子或者词汇，联想自己已有的与主题思想相关的常识，判断文章的背景，体会作者的意图，把这些作为进一步猜测细节的依据。2 边读边想，仔细推敲。初选试填时要遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要推测选项。在选择的过程中要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后分析推敲。注意一些搭配和用法，因为完形填空是综合性的题型，不仅靠考生的阅读理解，还要考查对词语的准确掌握，所以也经常考一些搭配。而提供的四个搭配都往往跟上下文能够搭配，所以要仔细考虑它的语境和语意。3 瞻前顾后，抓住线索获得信息的来源有以下几个方面：首句提供的信息；通读全文提供的信息；已补充完整的句子提供的信息；后文提供的信息；有时还要根据生活常识和相关知识来确定选项。对上述信息全面考虑才能作出准确选择。在填空的时候，有一点要特别注意：注意利用选项，但不依赖选项。正确的方法是由上下文的逻辑关系，推理判断空白处的内容，自己争取主动，然后再从四个选项中选择所涉及到的词；另外一点是选正确选项时要考虑句子的结构及在文章中句子里前后的搭配，如被选项是动词，应注意主谓、动宾搭配，动词与介词搭配。4 复读全文，核查答案在试填好答案之后，有必要从头至尾再把文章读一遍，按照对话情景、中心内容来推理判断。对于举棋不定之处，要重新定夺，确保万无一失。校核答案重读信息完整的文章，进一步加深对文章的理解。根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前句与后句间的内在逻辑联系，检查文章的整体性，也可以从语法、惯用法和固定搭配等方面进一步验证所选答案，并着眼于全局，从整体上把握，进行宏观的考虑。三、 完形填空解题技巧1正确把握上下文语境，选出正确答案例1：One day as I went to sleep _37_ my sisters and I had said our prayers, I recalled the events of the day and how _38_ I had behaved toward Mother. “ I must make things right now.” I thought.37. A. before B. after C. until D. since38. A. well B. politely C. happily D. badly从生活常识可知，应该在上床睡觉前say prayers，故37题应选B after; 从 “I must make things right now” 可知，38题应为badly.例2：Quietly I _39_ out of bed and picked up the pencil and paper from the dresser and then tiptoed into the hall.39. A. jumped B. fell C. moved D. slipped从搭配上看，这四个动词都可与out of连用，但从下文中动词tiptoed into the hall可知：作者是轻手轻脚溜下床的，故选D slipped.例3：Even when we were _50_, she never mentioned them when we sisters recalled our childhood.50. A. happy B. curious C. grown D. interested从前一段可知，我向妈妈道歉的这种方式是我们之间的秘密，妈妈从来不在家人面前提起，从本行主句中recalled our childhood可知“我们长大后回忆我们小时候的事，妈妈也不提起这件事”，故50题选C grown.2跳读全文，寻找上下文隐含信息及线索有时在解题过程中学生们发现四个选项中填入任何一项语法、搭配均可，而且不影响这句意思，但到下文才发现某个线索，故碰到这种情况勿急于敲定答案，可尝试读下去直到找到确定的根据或线索。例1：On top was a message in her handwriting. It read, “ In the event of my death, please _52_ these. ”I _53_ the packet and glanced at the handwriting on the bottom. To my surprise I _54_ my childish writing. “PS. Please dont let anyone see this. Love, Erie.”I gently placed the unopened bundle in the _55_ along with other things for the rubbish burner. “ Lord,” I prayed, “ make me like my mother.”52. A. destroy B. keep C. hide D. read53.A. picked up B. tore open C. looked through D. turned over54. A. recognized B. lost C. looked D. liked55.A. drawer B. wastebasket C. bedroom D. dresser单独看第一节，不能确定52题的正确答案，可从最后一节rubbish burner可知应为“把它毁了”，故52题正确选项为A destroy.53题所提供四个动词词组都可以和the packet搭配，从后半句on the bottom可知，应是“把它翻过来”，故正确答案为D turned over.55题提供的四个选项都为名词，从后句的rubbish burner可知答案为B wastebasket.例2：My advice to the young people is simple: Life is very _55_, so dont rush to make decisions. Life doesnt let you plan.55. A. hard B. busy C. short D. long很多学生受思维定势的影响此题选C short, 而从下文so dont rush to make decisions可知“人生很长，不要急于作出决定”。3利用习惯搭配、固定词组及分析句子结构来选出正确答案虽然现在选项的设置侧重语境及上下文，但习惯搭配、固定表达等也是一个考查的内容，所以掌握一些固定词组、句型也非常重要，如掌握make, take, get, put, hold, set等动词与介词、副词搭配的固定短语。例1：They need both teachers and parents to teach them about the roles that they will _41_ once they grow up.41. A. take up B. take down C. take on D. take out根据句子山下文意思及与名词role的搭配可知“他们需要老师和家长教会他们长大后要承担的角色”。这里考查学生take的常用词组。take on的常用意思有：（1）承担（责任、角色等）；从事（某工作）（2）雇佣=employ (3)让客人上车take on passengers (3)呈现，开始具有 take on a new look / golden color (4)某种观念、服饰等风行起来或被大家接受而take up的意思为“从事（某事/某专业）”“占据（时间、空间等）”例2：Both in school and in the home, teachers and parents work so hard to _47_ children for the