Unit-7-French-and-English.ppt

Unit7FrenchandEnglish,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1电子教案,DetailedReading,Contents,WarmUp,GlobalReading,ConsolidationActivities,TextAppreciation,FurtherEnhancement,Section1:WarmUp,ReadastoryshowingdifferentreactionstheFrenchandtheEnglishhavetothesameeventandanswerthefollowingquestions.,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,Section1:WarmUp,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,OnceuponatimeacoachcontainingsomeEnglishmenandsomeFrenchmenwasdrivingovertheAlps.Thehorsesbegantorun,andastheyweredashingacrossabridgethecoachcaughtonthestonework,tottered,andnearlyfellintotheravinebelow.TheFrenchmenwerefranticwithterror:Theyscreamedandgesticulatedandflungthemselvesabout.TheEnglishmen,however,satquitecalmly.Anhourlater,thecoachdrewupataninntochangehorses.BythattimetheFrenchmenhadforgottenallaboutthedanger,sotheychattedgaily;buttheEnglishmenhadjustbeguntofeelit,andonehadanervousbreakdownandwasobligedtogotobed.,Section1:WarmUp,WhataretherespectivelydifferentreactionsoftheFrenchandtheEnglishtothesameevent?Howwouldyoucommentonthedifference?ArethereanyotherdifferencesyouknowbetweentheFrenchandtheEnglish?HowwouldChinesepeoplereacttothesamesituation?,Lead-in,BackgroundInformation,Section1:WarmUp,AbouttheAuthorGilbertKeithChesterton:Britishmanofletters,journalist,scholar,novelist,short-storywriter,andpoet.HisworksofsocialandliterarycriticismincludeRobertBrowning(1903),CharlesDickens(1906),andTheVictorianAgeinLiterature(1913).,1874-1936,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,Section1:WarmUp,HisfictionincludesTheNapoleonofNottingHill(1904),thepopularallegoricalnovelTheManWhoWasThursday(1908),andhismostsuccessfulcreation,theseriesofdetectivenovelsfeaturingthepriest-sleuthFatherBrown.,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,Section1:WarmUp,VoltaireFranois-MarieArouet,betterknownbythepennameVoltaire,wasaFrenchEnlightenmentwriter,essayist,deistandphilosopher.Voltairewasknownforhissharpwit,philosophicalwritings,anddefenseofcivilliberties,includingfreedomofreligionandtherighttoafairtrial.,1694-1778,BackgroundInformation,Lead-in,Section2:GlobalReading,Decidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthorspurpose.,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,A.TocomparethenationalcharactersoftheEnglishandtheFrench.B.ToexplainhowtheEnglishandtheFrenchhavedevelopedtheirrespectivenationalcharacters.C.Tostressthatinternationaldifferencescanbeunderstoodandappreciatedonlyonthebasisofunderstandingonesownnationalcharacters.D.Toillustratetheeffectofanyattempttoimitateforeigncharacters.,C.Tostressthatinternationaldifferencescanbeunderstoodandappreciatedonlyonthebasisofunderstandingonesownnationalcharacters.,Section2:GlobalReading,Pleasesummarizethemainideaofeachofthefourparagraphsofthetext.,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartI,(Paragraph1)Introduction,Paragraph1pointsoutthatoneshouldpaymuchrespecttothedistinctivefeaturesofanynationandthatanycasualsimplificationoftheso-callednationalcharacterwouldbequitedangerousorevendisastrous.,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartII,(Paragraph2)UnderstandingtheFrench,Paragraph2givesreadersakeytothestudyoftheFrenchnationalcharacter,whichistogobeyondthevisiblesurfaceanddelveintotheconcealeddepth.Italsopointsoutthedangerofasuperficialobservationandunderstandingofthenationalcharacterofacountry.,Section2:GlobalReading,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartIII,(Paragraph3)UnderstandingtheEnglish,Paragraph3doesareversedresearch,supposingaFrenchmanhassomeerroneousknowledgeabouttheEnglishpeople,andthenpointsouttheridiculousnessofhismisunderstandingoftheEnglishpeople.Theconclusionisthatthenationalcharactercannotbeunderstoodsoeasily,sinceitisacondensedembodimentofcultureandtradition.,Section2:GlobalReading,StructuralAnalysis,MainIdea,PartIV,(Paragraph4)AnExample,Theauthorrecountsanincidentinlifetofurtherprovewhathewantstosayinthisarticle:Ifonedoesnotknowthenationalcharacterofhisowncountry,itwouldbeimpossibleforhimtoknowthatofanothercountry.Withoutathoroughandcompleteknowledgeofthecharacterofacertainnation,onesso-calledlovetowardsorappreciationofthatparticularcharactercangonofurtherthanblindandsuperficialimitation.Withoutduerespecttopeculiaritiesofdifferentnations,therewouldbenosuchthingasdiversityintheworld,andtherefore,nogenuinepeaceorhappinesscaneverbeachieved.,Section2:GlobalReading,Section3:DetailedReading,1Itisobviousthatthereisagreatdealofdifferencebetweenbeinginternationalandbeingcosmopolitan.Allgoodmenareinternational.Nearlyallbadmenarecosmopolitan.Ifwearetobeinternationalwemustbenational.Anditislargelybecausethosewhocallthemselvesthefriendsofpeacehavenotdweltsufficientlyonthisdistinctionthattheydonotimpressthebulkofanyofthenationstowhichtheybelong.Internationalpeacemeansapeacebetweennations,FrenchandEnglish,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,notapeaceafterthedestructionofnations,liketheBuddhistpeaceafterthedestructionofpersonality.ThegoldenageofthegoodEuropeanisliketheheavenoftheChristian:itisaplacewherepeoplewillloveeachother;notliketheheavenoftheHindu,aplacewheretheywillbeeachother.Andinthecaseofnationalcharacterthiscanbeseeninacuriousway.Itwillgenerallybefound,Ithink,thatthemoreamanreallyappreciatesandadmiresthesoulofanotherpeoplethelesshewillattempttoimitateit;hewillbeconsciousthatthereissomethinginittoodeepandtoounmanageabletoimitate.,Section3:DetailedReading,TheEnglishmanwhohasafancyforFrancewilltrytobeFrench;theEnglishmanwhoadmiresFrancewillremainobstinatelyEnglish.ThisistobeparticularlynoticedinthecaseofourrelationswiththeFrench,becauseitisoneoftheoutstandingpeculiaritiesoftheFrenchthattheirvicesareallonthesurface,andtheirextraordinaryvirtuesconcealed.3Onemightalmostsaythattheirvicesarethefloweroftheirvirtues.24Thustheirobscenityistheexpressionoftheirpassionateloveofdraggingallthingsintothelight.,Section3:DetailedReading,Theavariceoftheirpeasantsmeanstheindependenceoftheirpeasants.WhattheEnglishcalltheirrudenessinthestreetsisaphaseoftheirsocialequality.Theworriedlookoftheirwomenisconnectedwiththeresponsibilityoftheirwomen;andacertainunconsciousbrutalityofhurryandgestureinthemenisrelatedtotheirinexhaustibleandextraordinarymilitarycourage.Ofallcountries,therefore,Franceistheworstcountryforasuperficialfooltoadmire.LetafoolhateFrance:ifthefoollovesithewillsoonbeaknave.,QUESTION,Section3:DetailedReading,Hewillcertainlyadmireit,notonlyforthethingsthatarenotcreditable,butactuallyforthethingsthatarenotthere.Hewilladmirethegraceandindolenceofthemostindustriouspeopleintheworld.Hewilladmiretheromanceandfantasyofthemostdeterminedlyrespectableandcommon-placepeopleintheworld.ThismistaketheEnglishmanwillmakeifheadmiresFrancetoohastily;butthemistakethathemakesaboutFrancewillbeslightcomparedwiththemistakethathemakesabouthimself.AnEnglishmanwhoprofessesreallytolikeFrenchrealisticnovels,reallytobeathomeinaFrenchmoderntheatre,Section3:DetailedReading,reallytoexperiencenoshockonfirstseeingthesavageFrenchcaricatures,ismakingamistakeverydangerousforhisownsincerity.Heisadmiringsomethinghedoesnotunderstand.Heisreapingwherehehasnotsown,andtakingupwherehehasnotlaiddown;heistryingtotastethefruitwhenhehasnevertoiledoverthetree.HeistryingtoplucktheexquisitefruitofFrenchcynicism,whenhehasnevertilledtherudebutrichsoilofFrenchvirtue.3ThethingcanonlybemadecleartoEnglishmenby8turningitround.SupposeaFrenchmancameoutofdemocratic,Section3:DetailedReading,FrancetoliveinEngland,wheretheshadowofthegreathousesstillfallseverywhere,andwhereevenfreedomwas,initsorigin,aristocratic.IftheFrenchmansawouraristocracyandlikedit,ifhesawoursnobbishnessandlikedit,ifhesethimselftoimitateit,weallknowwhatweshouldfeel.WeallknowthatweshouldfeelthatthatparticularFrenchmanwasarepulsivelittlegnat.HewouldbeimitatingEnglisharistocracy;hewouldbeimitatingtheEnglishvice.Buthewouldnotevenunderstandtheviceheplagiarized:especiallyhewouldnotunderstandthattheviceispartlyavirtue.,QUESTION,HewouldnotunderstandthoseelementsintheEnglishwhichbalancesnobbishnessandmakeithuman:thegreatkindnessoftheEnglish,theirhospitality,theirunconsciouspoetry,theirsentimentalconservatism,whichreallyadmiresthegentry.TheFrenchRoyalistseesthattheEnglishliketheirking.ButhedoesnotgraspthatwhileitisbasetoworshipaKing,itisalmostnobletoworshipapowerlessKing.13TheimpotenceoftheHanoverianSovereignshasraisedtheEnglishloyalsubjectalmosttothechivalryanddignityofaJacobite.TheFrenchmanseesthattheEnglishservantisrespectful:,Section3:DetailedReading,Section3:DetailedReading,hedoesnotrealizethatheisalsodisrespectful;thatthereisanEnglishlegendofthehumorousandfaithfulservant,whoisasmuchapersonalityashismaster;theCalebBalderstone,theSamWeller.HeseesthattheEnglishdoadmireanobleman;hedoesnotallowforthefactthattheyadmireanoblemanmostwhenhedoesnotbehavelikeone.14Theylikeanobletobeunconsciousandamiable:theslavemaybehumble,butthemastermustnotbeproud.ThemasterisLife,astheywouldliketoenjoyit;andamongthejoystheydesireinhimthereisnonewhichtheydesiremoresincerely,thanthatofgenerosity,ofthrowingmoneyaboutamongmankind,or,tousethenoblemediaevalword,largessethejoyoflargeness.Thatiswhyacabmantellsyouyouarenogentlemanifyougivehimhiscorrectfare.Notonlyhispocket,buthissoulishurt.Youhavewoundedhisideal.Youhavedefacedhisvisionoftheperfectaristocrat.Allthisisreallysubtleandelusive;itisverydifficulttoseparatewhatismereslavishnessfromwhatisasortofvicariousnobilityintheEnglishloveofalord.AndnoFrenchmancouldeasilygraspitatall.Hewouldthinkitwasmereslavishness;andifhelikedit,hewouldbeaslave.,Section3:DetailedReading,SoeveryEnglishmanmust(atfirst)feelFrenchcandortobemerebrutality.Andifhelikesit,heisabrute.Thesenationalmeritsmustnotbeunderstoodsoeasily.Itrequireslongyearsofplentitudeandquiet,theslowgrowthofgreatparks,theseasoningofoakenbeams,thedarkenrichmentofredwineincellarsandininns,alltheleisureandthelifeofEnglandthroughmanycenturies,toproduceatlastthegenerousandgenialfruitofEnglishsnobbishness.Anditrequiresbatteryandbarricade,songsinthestreets,andraggedmendeadforanidea,toproduceandjustifytheterribleflowerofFrenchindecency.,Section3:DetailedReading,Section3:DetailedReading,4WhenIwasinParisashorttimeago,IwentwithanEnglishfriendofminetoanextremelybrilliantandrapidsuccessionofFrenchplays,eachoccupyingabouttwentyminutes.Theywereallastonishinglyeffective;buttherewasoneofthemwhichwassoeffectivethatmyfriendandIfoughtaboutitoutside,andhadalmosttobeseparatedbythepolice.Itwasintendedtoindicatehowmenreallybehavedinawreckornavaldisaster,howtheybreakdown,howtheyscream,howtheyfighteachotherwithoutobjectandinamerehatredofeverything.Andthentherewasadded,Section3:DetailedReading,withallthathorribleironywhichVoltairebegan,asceneinwhichagreatstatesmanmadeaspeechovertheirbodies,sayingthattheywereallheroesandhaddiedinafraternalembrace.MyfriendandIcameoutofthistheatre,andashehadlivedlonginParis,hesaid,likeaFrenchman:“Whatadmirableartisticarrangement!Isitnotexquisite?”“No,”Ireplied,assumingasfaraspossiblethetraditionalattitudeofJohnBullinthepicturesinPunch“No,itisnotexquisite.Perhapsitisunmeaning;ifitisunmeaningIdonotmind.ButifithasameaningIknowwhatthemeaningis;,Section3:DetailedReading,itisthatunderalltheirpageantofchivalrymenarenotonlybeasts,butevenhuntedbeasts.Idonotknowmuchofhumanity,especiallywhenhumanitytalksinFrench.ButIknowwhenathingismeanttoupliftthehumansoul,andwhenitismeanttodepressit.IknowthatCyranodeBergerac(wheretheactorstalkedevenquicker)wasmeanttoencourageman.AndIknowthatthiswasmeanttodiscouragehim.”“Thesesentimentalandmoralviewsofart,”beganmyfriend,butIbrokeintohiswordsasalightbrokeintomymind.“Letmesaytoyou,”Isaid,Section3:DetailedReading,“WhatJaurssaidtoLiebknechtatthesocialistConference:Youhavenotdiedonthebarricades.YouareanEnglishman,asIam,andyououghttobeasamiableasIam.Thesepeoplehavesomerighttobeterribleinart,fortheyhavebeenterribleinpolitics.Theymayenduremocktorturesonthestage;theyhaveseenrealtorturesinthestreets.TheyhavebeenhurtfortheideaofDemocracy.TheyhavebeenhurtfortheideaofCatholicism.Itisnotsoutterlyunnaturaltothemthattheyshouldbehurtfortheideaofliterature.But,byblazes,itisaltogetherunnaturaltome!,Section3:DetailedReading,AndtheworstthingofallisthatI,whoamanEnglishman,lovingcomfort,shouldfindcomfortinsuchthingsasthis.TheFrenchdonotseekcomforthere,butratherunrest.Thisrestlesspeopleseekstokeepitselfinaperpetualagonyoftherevolutionarymood.Frenchmen,seekingrevolution,mayfindthehumiliationofhumanityinspiring.ButGodforbidthattwopleasure-seekingEnglishmenshouldeverfinditpleasant!”,QUESTION,ACTIVITY,Section3:DetailedReading,Whatisthedifferencebetweenbeinginternationalandbeingcosmopolitan?(Paragraph1),Theauthorthinksthatbeinginternationalisbasedonbeingnational,whichmeansgivingduerespecttothespecificfeaturesofeachnationandalwaystakingthemintocarefulconsideration,andthatbeingcosmopolitanmeansonlybearinginmindanintangiblenotionof“thewholeworld”whileignoring,orevenrejectingrudely,thespecificfeaturesofeachnation.An“international”worldisaunitywithdiversifiedfeatures,whilea“cosmopolitan”worldisonedevoidofpeculiarfeatures,withitsindividualpartscompletelyerased.,Section3:DetailedReading,Whyisitthat“Franceistheworstcountryforasuperficialfooltoadmire?”(Paragraph2),Accordingtotheauthor,theFrenchisapeculiarpeoplewhosevicesareallonthesurface,andwhoseextraordinaryvirtuesconcealed.AsafoolcannotunderstandprofoundlythecharactersandvirtuesoftheFrench,hewillimitateonlytheindecentvices,whicharesuperficial.Asaresult,hewillnotfollowthevirtuesoftheFrenchwhilecopyingtheirvices,andhewillthereforeturnhimselfintoaknave.,Section3:DetailedReading,HowdoestheauthorbelieveanEnglishmanmayfeelifaFrenchmansayshelikesEnglisharistocracyandtriestoimitateit?Howdoesheaccountforthat?(Paragraph3),AnEnglishmanmayfeelthattheFrenchmanisagnatifhesayshelikesEnglisharistocracyandtriestoimitateit.ItisbecausetheFrenchmanmaynothaveunderstoodthecultureunderlyingtheclassdistinctioninEngland,andthereforefailstounderstandthatsnobbishness,aviceoftheEnglish,canbepartofavirtueembracingkindnessandhospitality.,Section3:DetailedReading,Whydidtheauthorquarrelwithhisfriendovertheplay?(Paragraph4),Theauthorquarreledwithhisfriendovertheplaybecausehisfriendpretendedtoliketheplay.Hebelievedthathisfriend,anEnglishmanashewas,shouldhavefeltuncomfortablewiththethemeoftheplaymorereadilyacceptabletotheFrenchpeoplewhohadbeengoingthroughrevolution,findingthehumiliationofhumanityinspiring.,Section3:DetailedReading,ClassDiscussions1)Howdoyouthinkanationhasfosteredandformeditsdistinctiveanddominantcharacteristics?2)Willtheemphasisonthedistinctivenessofthenationalcharacterbecomeanobstacleinculturalcommunication?,Section3:DetailedReading,cosmopolitan:a.containingorhavingexperienceofpeopleandthingsfrommanydifferentpartsoftheworld,e.g.,acosmopolitanatmospherethisgreatcosmopolitancitymodernprogressivepeoplewithatrulycosmopolitanoutlook,Section3:DetailedReading,dwellon:tospendalotoftimethinkingortalkingaboutsth.,e.g.,Hetendstodwellonthenegativeaspectsofhisperformance.Dontdwellsomuchonyourpast.Shedidnotdwellonthedetailsofthematter.,Section3:DetailedReading,bulk:n.sth.thatisverylarge,wideandsolid,e.g.,Sheheavedherformidablebulkoffthefrailchair.Welookedupatthegreatdarkbulkofthecathedral.,Collocations:,thebulkof:mostofe.g.inbulk:inlargequantitiese.g.,thebulkofpopulationWomenstilldothebulkofdomesticworkinthehome.Theeldestsoninheritedthebulkoftheestate.,Theofficebuyspaperinbulktokeepdowncosts.,Section3:DetailedReading,Buddhistpeace:AreligionfoundedbytheBuddha,Buddhismemphasizesphysicalandspiritualdisciplineasameansofliberationfromthephysicalworld.ThegoalfortheBuddhististoattainnirvana,astateofcompletepeaceinwhichoneisfreefromthedistractionsofdesireandself-consciousness.,Section3:DetailedReading,Hindu:n.anadherentofthediversebodyofreligion,philosophyandculturalpracticenativetoandpredominantinIndia,characterizedbyabeliefinreincarnationandasupremebeingofmanyformsandnatures,andbyadesireforliberationfromearthlyevils,Section3:DetailedReading,obstinately:ad.inawaythatindicatesstubbornness;inamannerthatisdifficulttoalleviate;persistently,e.g.,Istayedobstinatelyinmyroom,sittingbythetelephone.Smithobstinatelyrefusedtocarryouttheorder.Thedoorobstinatelystayedclosedwhenhetriedtopushitopen.Theswellingobstinatelyrefusedtosubside.Unemploymentremainsobstinatelyhigh.,Section3:DetailedReading,Synonym:,obstinate:a.unreasonablydetermined,especiallytoactinaparticularwayandnottochangeatall,despiteargumentorpersuasion;difficulttosubdueoralleviatee.g.,stubbornly,anobstinatefeverShewasalwaystheoutsider,refusingtoconformtotraditions,obstinateandimpudent.,Transformation:,Section3:DetailedReading,peculiarity:n.astrangeorunusualhabitorcharacteristic;adistinguishingtrait,etc.thatischaracteristicofaparticularperson;idiosyncrasy,e.g.,Englandshistoricalpeculiaritylayinthefactthataristocracywastheonlymodelforsocialambition.Itisapeculiarityoftodaysculturethatsomuchinsincerityiscalledfor.,Synonym:,oddity,quirk,characteristic,Section3:DetailedReading,theflowerof:thebestpartorbestexampleofsth.,Practice:,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)theflowerofthenationsyouth（）2)intheflowerofonesage/life（）3)theflowerofscholarship（）,=国家的青年才俊,=年富力强的时期,=学术精英,Section3:DetailedReading,obscenity:n.thestateorqualityofbeingobscene;anobsceneact,statement,word,etc.,e.g.,Thepeoplewhomadethatfilmcouldbeprosecutedforobscenity.Hewasshoutingandscreamingobscenities.,Transformation:,obscene:a.offensiveinasexualway;oftenusedtodescribesth.thatismorallywrongbecauseitistoolarge,Section3:DetailedReading,Synonym:,e.g.,indecent,offensive,obscenevideosanobscenemassacreHewasfinedformakinganobscenegestureattheumpire.Theamountofmoneythattop-classfootballersearnispositivelyobscene.,Section3:DetailedReading,avarice:n.anextremelystrongdesiretoobtainorkeepwealth,e.g.,Herbusinessempirebroughtherwealthbeyondthedreamsofavarice.,Transformation:,avariciousa.e.g.,Itwasthenthatsheshowedjusthowavariciousshewasdemandingahalf-shareofeverythingIhadbeforeshewouldmoveout.,Synonym:,greed,Section3:DetailedReading,knave:n.anunprincipled,craftyfellow,e.g.,ThereisnoultimateanswertothequestionofwhetherChurchillwasaherooraknave.,Transformation:,knavish:a.deceitfulordishoneste.g.,Afterafewmonths,despiteourbestefforts,he