高中英语必修7Unit 2 Fit for life-Grammar and Usage

Unit 2 Fit for life-Grammar and UsageGrammar and UsageStep 1: General introductionThe grammar items in this unit focus on phrasal verbs. You will learn that a phrasal verb is made up of a verb plus an adverb or a preposition. You will also learn some rules to use phrasal verbs. You are expected to apply what you have learnt to practical use by finishing a conversation and a word game.Step 2: Explanation:1. Look at the following sentences. Compare them and tell the part of speech of each underlined word.He looked around and saw nothing.She is looking after the old lady carefully.In the two sentences, around is an adverb while after is a preposition.She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.He has gone through a difficult time recently.Here the first through is an adverb while the second through is a preposition. So we know an adverb or a preposition is used to make up a phrasal verb.2. Read the instructions and examples on the top of page 24. Point out the phrasal verb in each sentence. You will be divided into groups of four and find as many phrasal verbs in the reading passage as possible. Read the sentences you have found and make sure you know how these phrasal verbs are used.1) This article will focus on.2) If you open up any medicine3) drinking a tea made from4) other things that aspirin can help with.5) a study carried out in the USA.6) Fleming tried this mould out7) Fleming did not give up.8) Many people would have died from.9) before someone else turned penicillin into3. Read Part 1 on page 24. You should know that the adverb can go before or after the object in a phrasal verb. For example:Please look the word up in the dictionary.Please look up the word in the dictionary.They put on their safely helmets before starting to work.They put their safety helmets on before starting to work.4. Read Part 2, Part 3 and the example sentences. You should know a phrasal verb does not always have an object. The object always comes after the preposition in a phrasal verb with a preposition. Compare the following sentences.The special train pulled in at 9 a. m.Prices of vegetables have gone up recently.I called you several times last night, but I couldnt get through.If you act like this, you will get into trouble.The policemen are looking into a case.The rubbish gave off a terrible smell.5. Look at Part 4. Sometimes we can add a preposition after the adverb in a phrasal verb. For example:I cant put up with him any longer.I am looking forward to hearing from her.She often looks back upon her bitter life in the old society.6. Look at Part 6. Try to understand the meaning of the phrasal verb make out. Many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. Do you know the meanings of the phrasal verbs in the following sentences?1) His accent gives him away as a southerner.2) He gave away most of his money to charity.3) They gave away their last chance of winning the match.4) The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day.5) She took me in completely with her story.6) He was homeless, so we took him in.7) Fish take in oxygen through their gills.8) I hope youre taking in what Im saying.9) S he pays the bills by taking in washing.Answers（1）出卖，泄露秘密 （2）赠送 （3）送掉，放弃 （4）颁发 （5）欺骗（6） 收容 (7) 吸收 （8）理解 （9）在家承接（活计等）For reference动词短语：动词常与其他词类（多是副词和介词）搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为动词短语。一般动词短语可以分为以下几类：1. 不及物动词+介词这类结构中的动词不能与介词分开, 宾语只能放在介词之后, 常见短语有: agree with 同意的意见,符合,一致； arrive at/in 到达； begin with 以开始； come from 来自； feel like想要；fall behind 落在的后面； fall off 掉下； get to到达； get on 上车。2. 动词+副词这类动词若可接宾语, 则宾语放在副词之前, 之后均可, 但如果宾语为人称代词, 则必须放在副词之前. 如果宾语过长, 则应放在副词之后.。常见短语有: eat up 吃光； find out 找出,查明； put away 收拾起来； put off 推迟； look out 当心； come out 出版； go off 走火,熄灭； keep out 使不进入； break up 破裂。3. 动词+副词+介词这类结构中, 介词的宾语不能置于介词之前.常见短语有: be fed up with 厌倦； catch up with 赶上； go on with 继续； get on with 与相处； hold on to 坚持； get down to 认真做。4. 动词+名词+介词常见短语有: take care of 照顾，照料； make room for 给腾地方； make friends with 与交朋友； play a joke on 戏弄某人； have a look at 看一看； say goodbye to 告辞。5. be 动词+形容词+介词常见短语有: be late for 迟到； be angry with 生气； be busy with 忙于； be short for 是的简称； be interested in 对感兴趣； be famous for 因而著名； be good at 擅长； be different from 与不同； be good/bad for 对有益/害； be friendly to 对友好。6. 动词+反身代词+介词常见短语有: help oneself to 随便吃； give oneself to 热心于； occupy oneself with 忙于； enjoy oneself 玩得开心； dress oneself in 穿着； devote oneself to 专心, 致力于, 献身；throw oneself to 投身于高考链接1Were trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _ your number incorrectly.（2020浙江）A. looked up B. took downC. worked outD. brought about2. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt much help when it_ shopping and eating.（2020天津）A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to3. The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.（2020辽宁）A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in4. -The boss said we had only three days to finish the work. -Dont worry. We have already _two thirds of it.（2020四川） A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away5. She_ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.（2020福建）A. picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up 6. With no one to _in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.（2020陕西）A. turn onB. turn off C. turn overD. turn to7. Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.（2020湖南） A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up8. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _the matter. (2020湖北) A. getting through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over9. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _scenes of my childhood.（2020湖北） A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in10. Although the wind has _, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.（2020湖北） A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out11. After he retired from office, Rogers _ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. （2020山东） A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up12. I was still sleeping when the fire _ , and then it spread quickly.（2020广东） A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. g