高三英语复 习Module 3＆Module 4外研社必修1VIP

高三英语高三英语复复 习习 ModuleModule 3 3ModuleModule 4 4 外研社外研社必修必修 1 1 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 复习必修 1 Module 3 My First Ride on a Train & 4 A Social Survey - My Neighbourhood 二. 教学目标：复习回顾必修 13&4 模块的基础知识，使学生熟练掌握这两模块中 的词汇，短语和语法知识，并能将知识系统化。 三. 知识点梳理 Key words distance n. abandoned a. desert n.v. expert n. product n. scenery n. shoot v.n. journey n. frighten vt. vi. apartment n. interview v. &n. event n. ceremony n. track n souvenir n survey v. &n suburb n attractive a fortunate a bother vt. nuisance n. rent v. &n. approach vt.n. architecture n. unemployed a occupation n. professional a manual a exchange vt.n. afford vt. survive v. contact v. Useful phrases get on 继续 get off 下车 get into 进入 get out of 从下来 take off 起飞，脱掉 be short for 短缺 not. any more 不再 out of date 过期的 refer to 指；谈到；参照 put up 升起；举起 up to now 到目前为止 get away from 离开，逃脱 a great many 许多许多 a number of 许多 go up 上升；攀登 Important sentences 1. It looks like. 2. until. 3. not. any more 4. Another problem is that. 5. It is+ adj. to do sth. 6. Could I possibly do.？ 7. Im sorry but. 8. The fact is. 9. It issince. 10. This is the first time（that） 11. Whats. . . like? 12. That sounds great. 13. There are times when. Grammar and usage 分词做定语 现在完成时 要点归纳 一、重点词汇 1. abandon vt.（1）抛弃，放弃（2） 丢弃；遗弃 例句：Abandon a friend in trouble. 抛弃处于危难中的朋友。 【相关链接】 （1）abandon 与 desert 辨析 abandon 强调的是本应有责任，有义务照顾某人或物，但却离开，遗弃。 desert 强调拒绝帮助或支持。 （2）abandoned adj.被遗弃的，废弃的 例如：an abandoned channel 废河道 【真题链接】 【例】The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway. A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. rejected 【解析】答案为 B。abandoned（=give up completely）放弃，抛弃。A.消失，绝 迹；C.驱使，使分散；D.拒绝接受；根据句义只能选 B. 例句 The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. The sailors abandoned the burning ship 2. frighten v.使吃惊；惊吓 例句：She will be frightened to death when she sees the way you drive. 看到你那样开车，她会吓得半死。 【相关链接】 （1）派生词 frightening adj.令别人害怕的 frightened adj. 受惊的 frightful adj. 可怕的 frightening “令人感到害怕的” ，主语常常是 sth.；描述的是主语令别人感 到害怕，frightened“受惊吓的，恐惧的” ，主语常常是 sb.，描述的是主语所处 的状态。 （2）frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人不做某事 frighten. . . away/out 把吓跑 frightened of 害怕 be frightened to do 不敢做 give sb. a fright 让某人大吃一惊 shake with fright 吓得发抖 【真题链接】 【例】With no one to _ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. （2020 年陕西卷） A. turn toB. turn onC. turn offD. turn over 【解析】答案为 A turn to 意为“求助于”, no one 与不定式 to turn to 构成 复合结构，做 with 的宾语。to turn to 的逻辑宾语是 no one，表示“无法求助于 任何人” 。turn on 意为“打开” ，指打开电灯、收音机、自来水等。turn off 意为 “关上” ，指关上电灯、收音机、自来水等。turn over 意为“使翻倒，倾覆；交 付，移交” 。 3. scenery n.风景，景色 例句：The best part of the trip was the scenery. It was fantastic. 这次旅行最精彩的部分就是自然风光，真是美极了。 【相关链接】 辨析：scene，view，scenery，sight （1）scene 指展现在眼前的景象，是 scenery 的一部分；另外可指事故现场。 （2）view 指从远处，高处看到的景象。 （3）scenery 指某地区总的自然景观，不指特别的风景。 （4）sight 指值得看的东西，某地的特有名胜；另外主要含义为：视力（线） 。 【真题链接】 One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good _ （2000 年上海） A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look 【解析】答案为 C。此题考查词义辨析。view 多指从高处或远处的某个角度能看到 的景象或景色；sight 指供游人游览的地方，包括自然的和人文的景观；scene 指 具体某处周围一时的景色；look 指面貌，表情。 4. journey n.旅行，旅程 例句：I have a 25-minute journey to work. 我上班要走 25 分钟的路程。 【相关链接】 辨析：journey，trip，travel，voyage，tour journey“旅行，旅程” 。普通用语，指陆地上的远程旅行，常与时间、距离等 连用。例如：a 10 hours journey trip“旅行” 。指来往固定的短距离旅行，强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路 程。 travel“旅行” 。惯用复数形式，泛指旅行各地，多指国外旅行，表示旅行的 路途远，时间长。 voyage“旅行” 。指距离较长的海上旅行，也可指太空旅行。 tour“周游” 。指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。 【真题链接】 例 We stayed at home all the year，for we couldnt _ any trip. A. affordB. spendC. spareD. take 【解析】答案为 A we couldnt afford any trip.意思是“我们付不起路上的 开支， ”而 spend 和 spare 直接跟钱和时间为宾语。 5. allow v.允许 例句：We dont allow anyone to smoke in our classroom. 我们不允许任何人在我们的教室吸烟。 【相关链接】 （1） permit 与 allow 的区别 allow 词义较弱，含有默认，许可之意。 permit 词义较强，强调正式认可、批准。 （2） allow 构成的固定搭配 allow sb. sth.同意给某人某物 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事 【真题链接】 【例】Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself，but her parents did not _ her to do so.（2020 年全国） A. forbidB. allowC. followD. ask 【解析】答案为 B allow 意为“允许” ，指允许做某事，给予某人权利或特权，常 含有表面上允许，但实际内心不一定同意的意味。表示允许她那样做。forbid 意 为“禁止” 。follow 意为“跟着，跟随；接着，跟着发生，继之后；（地位） 在之后” 。ask sb to do sth 意为“要求某人做某事” 。 6. abandoned adj .被遗弃的，废弃的。 例句：She adopted many pets abandoned by their hosts during SARS. 非典期间她收养了很多被主人遗弃的宠物。 【相关链接】 （1）abandon 动词的三种常用含义： 抛弃，遗弃（某人）离弃，逃弃（某地方或交通工具等）放弃，终止 （2）辨析：abandon 和 desert abandon 强调的是本应有责任，有义务照顾某人或物，但却离开；desert 强调 拒绝帮助或支持。 【真题链接】 【例】There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn t_ falling over it in the darkness. A. helpB. resistC. avoidD. prevent 【解析】答案为 C avoid 避免（后接动词或名词）：He tried to avoid answering my questions. cant （couldnt）help doing sth.禁不住做, 不由自主地做； cant （couldnt） resist doing sth.禁不住做 I couldnt resist laughing. 考查固定搭配。 7. approach vi.vt.接近；n.接近；方法；途径；通路 例句：His book represents a new approach to the difficulty. 他的书代表了处理困难的一种新方法。 The approach to the house was a narrow path. 通到这幢房子的路是一条小径。 The time for graduation is approaching. 毕业的日子近了。 【相关链接】 （1）派生词：approachable adj. 易接近的；友善的 （2）approach 可以表示“对付，处理” 例如：I dont think this is the right way to approach the problem. 我认为这不是处理这个问题的正确方法。 （3）approach 表示“方法”时，常与介词 to 搭配 例如：a new approach to teaching computer 教授电脑的新方法 【真题链接】 【例】As summer _，the weather became warmer and warmer. A. approachingB: being approachedC. approachesD. approached 【解析】答案为 D。as 后引导原因状语从句，所以选 D 做谓语，选 A,B 应构成短语。 8. afford vt.买得起；有能力支付 例句：Im afraid we can afford an expensive car now. 恐怕我们现在买不起一辆价格昂贵的车。 He says he really cant afford to wait another day. 他说他确实一天也等不了啦。 【相关链接】 v. afford （1）买得起；负担得起，常与 can, could, be able to 连用，后面接名词、 代词或者不定式。 （2）抽（时间） 。 （3）作“给予、提供”或者“生产”解释时，一般不与 can 连用，并跟双宾 语。 （4）派生词：affordable adj.买得起的。 【真题链接】 【例】The watch is valued at over a thousand yuan，so I cant _ it. A. wasteB. spendC. costD. afford 【解析】答案为 D。句中的 afford 一词是动词，作“花得起” 、 “买得起”解，表 示“有经济条件做某事” 。这一词常和 can, could, be able to 这类词连用；其他 动词都不能跟动词不定式做宾语。 二、重点词组 1. take off 起飞 例句：The plane had just taken off when we arrived at the airport. 我们到达机场时，飞机刚刚起飞。 【相关链接】 （1）take off 还可作“除掉某物”讲（remove sth.） ；突然开始成功；开始 走红。take sth. off 脱下； （2）注意 take sb. off 指为了逗笑某人而模仿（某人的言谈举止）take时 间off 指（在某日或某段时间）休假。 （3）由 take 构成的短语： take back 收回说错了的话，承认说错了话 take in 收留；欺骗；包括 take over 接管，接任，接手 take up 开始从事；着手处理；占据时间、空间等 take sb. up on 接受某人的邀请 take on 开始雇用某人，呈现 take to 喜欢，养成的习惯 【真题链接】 【例】Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. （2020 年广东） A. takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up 【解析】答案为 A take up 花费（时间） 。虽然上学占去了她一整天的大部分时间。 make up 补足；save up 储存；put up 建立。 2. refer to“谈及” ， “提到” ；“查阅” ， “参考” 例句：You are the very person I referred to just now. 你正是我刚才所指的人。 【相关链接】 （1）refer. . . to 意为 “把提交给” ， “把归功于” “让处理查找” ，可用于被动语态。 例句：He referred me to the notes. 他建议我参看一下注释。 We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把我们所取得的巨大发展归功于党的正确领导。 （2）refer to sth. /sb. as.称为 例句：Jackie Chan is referred to as “goodwill ambassador”. 成龙被称作“亲善大使” 。 （3）to 作为介词使用，相似短语有 look forward to，stick to，devote to，lead to 等。 【真题链接】 【例】It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test，and as a result，he got punished. （2020 年上海春季） A. stick toB. refer toC. keep toD. point to 【解析】答案为 B。stick to “忠于、坚持” ； refer to 有“参考”的意思； keep to 有“靠着、沿着”的意思。所以根据语意，应选 B。 3. be made of 由制成做成 例句：The bridge made of stones was built 3，000 years ago and it is still in good condition. 那座石桥建于 3，000 年前，现在状况仍然很好。 【相关链接】 （1）consist ofbe made ofbe composed of 注意：本词组没有被动语态 （2） be made of 能看出原材料 be made from 看不出原材料 （3）由 make 构成的短语： be made up of 由组成 make sth. out of 由改制而成 make use of 利用 make up 编造，化妆，和解 make up for 弥补，补偿 make sth. into 把制成 【真题链接】 【例】 In my opinion，its the best use that could _ this money. A. be made ofB. make ofC. be made from D. be made up of 【解析】答案为 A。that 引导定语从句，修饰 the best use，所以把原句还原的 话就是：make the best use of this money,因此选 A 4. put up/put up with put up 举起；张开（伞） ；张贴；为提供食宿 例句：They are putting up a teaching building in the east of the school. 他们正在学校的东部建造教学楼。 put up with 忍受；忍耐；受苦 例句：He cannot put up with criticism. 他受不了批评。 【相关链接】 由 put 构成的短语： put aside 节省（钱、时间） ；储蓄；把放在一边 put back 时钟向后拨；放回原处；拖延 put away 收拾起来；储存（钱） ；喝掉 put down 写下；记下；控制 put off 延期；推迟 put on 假装；增加；上演（戏剧） put out 熄灭；使忧虑；扑灭；出版 put through 接通电话 【真题链接】 【例】I can _ some noise while Im studying，but I cant stand very loud noise. A. put up withB. get rid of C. have effects onD. keep away from 【解析】答案为 A 动词短语辨析：put up with 忍受；get rid of 摆脱，甩掉， 改掉等；have effects on 对有影响；keep away from 远离。题干中 stand 提示了答案 A 三、重点句型 1. In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem 在 1925 年，他们通过了一部法律，允许人们猎杀动物，如果动物已成为一个 麻烦的话。 （1）which 引导的定语从句修饰 law （2）在定语从句中含有一个以 if 引导的条件状语从句。 （3）句中的第二个 they 指 animals. 【相关链接】 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人干某事 allow 后不跟宾补的时候，要跟 doing,即 allow doing sth.相似的有： permit sb. to do sth.；permit doing 允许某人干某事 forbid sb. to do sth.； forbid doing 禁止某人干某事 encourage sb. to do sth. ； encourage doing 鼓励某人干某事 【真题链接】 【例】Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. （2020 年上海） A. to makeB. to be madeC. to have been made D. to be making 【解析】答案为 B 本题的命题人将非谓语动词和语态结合起来考核。本质句式是 allow sb to do sth.但是换成被动是 be allowed to do,但是本题特色在于主语 是物不是人，物品是被做，所以有两个被动，be allowed to be done 选择 B。选 择 C 虽然也是被动，但是时态不对，这是一般时态，并不是完成时态。 2. Its been six years since we last saw each other. 我们有 6 年没见面了。 （1）本句是一个常用的句型：It has been+一段时间+since 引导的从句（从 句中用一般过去时）或：It is+一段时间+since 引导的从句（从句中用一般过去 时） （2）要注意：从句中的动词若为非延续性动词，则表示“某人做某事多长时 间了” ；从句中的动词若为延续性动词，则表示“某人有多长时间没做某事了” 。 【真题链接】 【例】What was the party like? Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. beforeB. whenC. sinceD. after 【解析】答案为 C 构成固定句型 Its years since I enjoyed myself so much: 我好久没玩得这么开心了。 3. This is the first time Ive visited your hometown. 这是我第一次参观你的家乡。 这是一个常用的句型，表示“某人是第几次做某事” 。掌握本句型时，要注意 句子的时态：主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。其中的 this 也可以换成 that 或 it，反意疑问句则全部用 it 做主语。 例句：This is the second time（that） he has been late，isnt it？ 【相关链接】 若主句时态为一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。 【真题链接】 This is the first time that he _ to China. A. came B. comesC. is coming D. has come 【解析】答案为 D This is the first/second/ last time that.从句用完成 时。该句He came to China for the first time. 4. So they tell me.他们就是这样告诉我的。 本结构为:So主语助动词，表示“某人的确如此。 ” 【相关链接】 注意以下结构表达不同的意思： （1）So+助动词+主语，表示“某人也是如此” 。 （2）Neither/Nor+助动词+主语，表示“某人也不” 。 （3）So it is/was with sb.或 It iswas the same with sb.，表示“某人 也是如此” ，本结构适用于前一句中既有肯定又有否定。 【真题链接】 【例】一 It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night 一 My God！_. A. So did IB. So I didC. So were youD. So did you 【解析】答案为 B。分析：A 说 B 粗心，并且 B 承认自己是这样，故排除 C, D 项。 然后该题考查考生对 So did I 与 So I did 的辨异。So did I 表示别人做某事， 我也做了。而 So I did 则进一步肯定“我确实这么做了” 。 四、重点语法 （一）过去分词做定语 过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上 讲，表示被动的概念，但是，如果是不及物动词的过去分词形式，则只表示时间上 的过去，而没有被动意义。 1. 过去分词做定语的位置 （1）单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词做定语时，通常置于被修 饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需要置于被修饰词之后。 例如：a retired worker 一位退休的工人 the given question 给定的问题 qualified teachers 合格的教师 everybody invited 所有被邀请的人 注意：leave 的过去分词 left 表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，置于被修饰 词之后。 例句：I have only one coin left. 我只剩下一个硬币了。 （2）过去分词短语做定语要后置，放在被修饰词之后。 例如：the language spoken in Germany 在德国使用的语言 the book written in simple English 用浅显的英语写成的书 2. 做限制性定语或非限制性定语 过去分词做定语可以是限制性定语，也可以是非限制性定语，常可以转换成定 语从句。 例句：The first textbooks（which were） written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. The Olympic Games， （which was）first held in 776 BCdid not include women competitors until 1912. 3. 表示情感的动词的过去分词 有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词 有：disappointed 失望的，moved 感动的,interested 感兴趣的，surprised 感到 惊讶的,shocked 震惊的，震撼的，puzzled 迷惑不解的,frightened 受惊吓的等等。 例如 a frightened girl 一个受惊吓的女孩 4. 不及物动词的过去分词 一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以 不及物动词的过去分词做定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。 例如：newly-arrived passengers 刚到的旅客 fallen leaves 落叶 5. 过去分词常和形容词，副词或名词构成复合形容词做定语。 例句：The newly-built hotel was burnt in the fire. 新建的宾馆在火灾中被烧掉。 （二）现在完成时 1. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，并且对现在有影响。结构为：助动词 have/has过去分词。现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成其使用有两种情况： （1）所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响，句中没有具体时间 状语。 例句 He has gone to Fuzhou.他去福州了。 （说话人认为他在该地） He has been to Fuzhou.他去过福州。 （说话人认为他不在该地） （2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下 去常与 for.和 since.等表示一段时间的状语或 so far, now, today, this week（month, year）等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。 例句：He has studied English for 5 years. 他学习英语有 5 年了。 He has studied English since 1985 自从 1985 年他就开始学习英语。 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 come, go, die, marry, buy 等的完成时不 能与 for, since 等表示一段时间的词连用. （3）还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。 例句：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. 我做完了作业就去你家。 If it has stopped snowing in the morning，well go to the park. 如果早上不下雪了，我们就去公园。 2. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：now, today, this week, this month, this year, 现在完成时不和表示具体的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year 等，但可以和 always, before, just, in/ during the past （few weeks，years，fifty years）连用，这时 in 表示“在过去多少时间里” 3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： （1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动 作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在关系 不大。 例句：She has cleaned the room. Its very clean now. （此句 has cleaned 就不能改为 cleaned一是因为 cleaned 与现状无关，二 是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到 Its. .这样的一般现在时。 ） （2）汉语中的“了” 、 “过” 、 “曾”等词常用完成时表达，例句：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。 ）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了” 、 “做过” ， 就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去时来表达。 例句：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday. 你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。 不能说：When have you seen that film？I have seen it yesterday. 4. 表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来） ”用 “have/has been to” ，表示“到某地 去了（还未回来） ”用“have/has gone to” 。 例句：Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room. She knows a lot about Shanghai She has been there. 5. 短暂动词（即瞬间动词）join, lose, buy, borrow，leave，go，come，arrive，die，marry，finish，complete, begin, start, break out 等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工 作 3 小时了。 ”可采用 （1）ago 法：He finished the work three hours ago. （2）延续法：He has been through（with）the work for three hours. （3）since 法：It ishas been three hours since he finished the work. 由此可见，现在完成时侧重动作对现在的影响，不涉及该动作具体是什么时候 发生的；过去时表示动作发生在过去，但不强调该动作对现在有何影响。 【模拟试题】 一、单项填空 1. Why dont we go to the new Sichuan restaurant for a meal? _. A. Great! Ive been expecting thatB. Sorry, but I forgot it C. No, I wont go for itD. Its not my pleasure 2. The price is fine with me. How would you like _ paid? Well. Its up to you. A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it 3. _from the top, the 2020 Olympic stadium in Beijing looks just like a birds nest made of tree branches. A. To seeB. SeeC. SeeingD. Seen 4. After _ absence of 10 years from his hometown, Mr. Li doesnt know _ great changes have taken place there. A. an；/B. an； theC. the； aD. /；the 5. I have $20 000 and I need $25 000,but my parents have promised to _ the difference. A. work outB. come upC. give outD. make up 6. There is no possibility, I guess, _ our exam will be put off. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. whether 7. I had walked a few steps _ I realized that I was lost in the thick fog. A. unlessB. beforeC. whenD. since 8. Sometimes I was thinking about _ my own how I could make friends with a man who had little _ common with me. A. with； inB. in； inC. on； onD. on； in 9. Twenty students from one high school were _ such an experience. A. enough lucky to shareB. to share enough lucky C. enough to share luckyD. lucky enough to share 10. In order to improve English listening, _. A. he bought a Walkman B. his father bought him a Walkman C. a Walkman was bought by him D. a Walkman was offered to him 11.Why, Jack! Someone seems to have called you over there. Yes? I _ that. A. am not realizingB. havent realized C. didnt realizeD. dont realize 12. I admit that there are problems, _I dont agree that they cannot be solved. A. whileB. ifC. in caseD. before 13. _ the task on time, he was fired by the boss. A. Not completedB. Not having completed C. Not have completedD. Not being completed 14.Despite her illness, she had lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. A. not anyoneB. noneC. nothingD. not all 15.He must have finished the work by the end of last month, _ he? A. mustntB. hadntC. didntD. hasnt 二、完形填空 Nancy had just got a secretarys job in a big company to work in the sales department. Monday was the first day that she went to work, so she was very 16 .She got up very early and arrived at the 17 at twenty to eight. She 18 the door open and found nobody there. “I am the 19 to arrive.” She thought and came to her desk. She was surprised to 20 a large bunch of flowers on it. They were fresh. .She 21 the flowers from the desk and smelled them. “Oh, how lovely!” Nancy 22 joyfully. She then looked round for a 23 to put them in. “Somebody has sent me flowers the 24 first day!” She thought happily. “But who could it be?” She began to wonder. The day passed very 25 and Nancy did everything with great interest and 26 .For the following days of the week, the first thing Nancy did was to change water for the flowers. And then she 27 herself in her work. Then came another Monday. When she came near her desk she was overjoyed to see a（an） 28 bunch of flowers there. She quickly put them in the vase, replacing the old ones. The same thing happened again the next Monday, Nancy felt it 29 and this time she began to think of ways to find out the 30 . On Tuesday afternoon, she was sent to 31 a plan to the general managers office. She had to stay for a while at his secretarys desk waiting for his 32 .She happened to see on the desk a big note book 33 “Records of managers meetings”, and glanced at the 34 pages. Suddenly her eyes fell on these words:“In order to keep the secretaries 35 ,the company has decided that every Monday morning a bunch of fresh flowers should be sent to each secretarys desk.” Later, she was told that their general manager was a business management psychologist. 16. A. depressedB